Tibetan numerals

{{Short description|Numeral system of the Tibetan script}}

{{Numeral systems}}

Tibetan numerals is the numeral system of the Tibetan script and a variety of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. It is used in the Tibetan language{{cite web |title=Tibetan (བོད་སྐད) |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/tibetan.htm |publisher=Omniglot |accessdate=19 December 2020}}{{cite web |title=Numbers in Tibetan |url=https://omniglot.com/language/numbers/tibetan.htm |publisher=Omniglot |accessdate=19 December 2020}} and has a base-10 counting system.{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/manualofstandard00nico|title=Manual of Standard Tibetan: Language and civilization|last1=Tournadre|first1=Nicolas|last2=Dorje|first2=Sangda|date=2003|publisher=Snow Lion Publications|isbn=1559391898|location=Ithaca, N.Y.|oclc=53477676}} The Mongolian numerals were also developed from the Tibetan numerals.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ux--OWgWvBQC&pg=PA199|title=Numerical Notation: A Comparative History|last=Chrisomalis|first=Stephen|date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521878180|language=en}}{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode10.0.0/ch13.pdf|title=The Unicode® Standard Version 10.0 – Core Specification: South and Central Asia-II|website=Unicode.org|access-date=3 December 2017}}

Cardinal numbers

class="wikitable"

! Arabic numeral !! Tibetan numeral !! Tibetan word !! Romanisation

0ཀླད་ཀོར་laykor
1གཅིག་chigk {{IPA|[t͡ɕi˥˩]}}
2གཉིས་nyi {{IPA|[ȵiː˥]}}
3གསུམ་sum {{IPA|[sum˥]}}
4བཞི་shi {{IPA|[ɕi˩˧]}}
5ལྔ་nga {{IPA|[ŋa˥]}}
6དྲུག་trug {{IPA|[ʈ͡ʂʰu˩˧˨]}}
7བདུན་dün {{IPA|[tỹ˩˧]}}
8བརྒྱད་gyay {{IPA|[cɛː˩˧˨]}}
9དགུ་gu {{IPA|[ku˩˧]}}

=Extended numbers=

class="wikitable"

! Arabic numeral !! Tibetan numeral !! Tibetan word !! Romanisation

10༡༠བཅུ་chu
11༡༡བཅུ་གཅིག་chu chigk
12༡༢བཅུ་གཉིས་chu nyi
13༡༣བཅུ་གསུམ་chuk sum
14༡༤བཅུ་བཞི་chu shi
15༡༥བཅུ་ལྔ་chü nga
16༡༦བཅུ་དྲུག་chu druk
17༡༧བཅུ་བདུན་chup dün
18༡༨བཅུ་པརྒྱདchup gyay
19༡༩བཅུ་དགུ་chu gu
20༢༠ཉི་ཤུ་nyi shu
30༣༠སུམ་ཅུsum ju
40༤༠བཞི་བཅུship ju
50༥༠ལྔ་བཅུngap ju
60༦༠དྲུག་ཅུtrug chu
70༧༠བདུན་ཅུdün ju
80༨༠བརྒྱད་ཅུgyay ju
90༩༠དགུ་བཅུgup ju
100༡༠༠བརྒྱ་gya
1,000༡༠༠༠སྟོང་tong
10,000༡༠༠༠༠ཁྲི་thri
1,000,000༡༠༠༠༠༠༠ས་ཡ་sa ya
10,000,000༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠བྱེ་བ་che wa
100,000,000༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠དུང་ཕྱུར་dung chur
1,000,000,000༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠ཐེར་འབུམ་ther pum
10,000,000,000༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠ཐེར་འབུམ་ཆེན་པོ་ther pum chen po
100,000,000,000༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠ཁྲག་ཁྲིག་thrag trig
1,000,000,000,000༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠ཁྲག་ཁྲིག་ཆེན་པོ་thrag trig chen po

Ordinals

class="wikitable"
Arabic numeral || Tibetan numeral || Tibetan ordinal word || Romanisation
1དང་པོ་dang po {{IPA|[tʰaŋ˩˧ko˥]}}
2གཉིས་པ་nyi pa
3གསུམ་པ་sum pa
4བཞི་པ་shi pa
5ལྔ་པ་nga pa
6དྲུག་པ་trug pa
7བདུན་པ་dün pa
8བརྒྱད་པ་gyay pa
9དགུ་པ་gu pa
10༡༠བཅུ་པ་chu pa

Fractions

File:Tibet 7 half skar.jpg postage stamp, the evidence for the {{bo-textonly|༱}} symbol being used for 7.5.]]

Several slashed forms of Tibetan numerals are included in Unicode to represent fractions. However, their exact meaning and authenticity are unclear.{{cite web|url=https://www.babelstone.co.uk/Blog/2007/04/numbers-that-dont-add-up-tibetan-half.html|title=Numbers that Don't Add up – Tibetan Half Digits|website=BabelStone|access-date=4 December 2022}}

class="wikitable"
style="text-align:center;"

! Tibetan fractions

| {{bo-textonly|༳}}

{{bo-textonly|༪}}{{bo-textonly|༫}}{{bo-textonly|༬}}{{bo-textonly|༭}}{{bo-textonly|༮}}{{bo-textonly|༯}}{{bo-textonly|༰}}{{bo-textonly|༱}}{{bo-textonly|༲}}
style="text-align:center;"

! Values

| -0.5

0.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.5

See also

References

{{reflist}}