Mongolian numerals

{{Short description|Numerals used in Mongolian scripts}}

File:Mongolian numerals 2013.jpg]]

{{SpecialChars}}

{{Numeral systems}}

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Mongolian numerals are numerals developed from Tibetan numerals and used in conjunction with the Mongolian and Clear script.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ux--OWgWvBQC&pg=PA199|title=Numerical Notation: A Comparative History|last=Chrisomalis|first=Stephen|date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521878180|language=en}}{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode10.0.0/ch13.pdf|title=The Unicode® Standard Version 10.0 – Core Specification: South and Central Asia-II|website=Unicode.org|access-date=3 December 2017}}{{rp|28}} They are still used on Mongolian tögrög banknotes.

The main sources of reference for Mongolian numerals are mathematical and philosophical works of Janj khutugtu A.Rolbiidorj (1717-1766) and D.Injinaash (1704-1788). Rolbiidorj exercises with numerals of up to 1066, the last number which he called “setgeshgui” or “unimaginable” referring to the concept of infinity. Injinaash works with numerals of up to 1059. Of these two scholars, the Rolbiidorj’s numerals, their names and sequencing are commonly accepted and used today, for example, in the calculations and documents pertaining to the Mongolian Government budget.

Base numbers

Numbers from 1 to 9 are referred to as "dan", meaning "simple".

class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align: center"
rowspan="2" |#

! colspan="2" |Mongolian numerals|| rowspan="2" |Tibetan numerals

Upright{{Cite book |last=Poppe |first=Nicholas |url=https://archive.org/details/poppegrammarofwrittenmongolian1974/page/n1/mode/1up |title=Grammar of Written Mongolian |date=1974 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-00684-2 |language=en}}{{Rp|page=54}}{{Cite book |last=Skorodumova |first=L. G. |url=http://altaica.ru/manuals/skorodumova_staromong.pdf |title=Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk |date=2000 |publisher=Muravey-Gayd |isbn=5-8463-0015-4 |language=ru |script-title=ru:Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык}}{{Rp|page=9}}{{Cite book |last=Kara |first=György |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cSlkAAAAMAAJ |title=Books of the Mongolian Nomads: More Than Eight Centuries of Writing Mongolian |date=2005 |publisher=Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies |isbn=978-0-933070-52-3 |language=en}}{{Rp|page=103}}

!Rotated{{Cite book |last=Popov |first=Aleksandr |url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10250535?page=31 |title=Arifmetika na Mongolskom yazykě |year=1837 |location=Kazan |pages=31 |language=mn |script-title=ru:Ариѳметика на Монгольскомъ языкѣ |access-date=2023-02-28}}

0

|{{MongolUnicode|᠐|h|font-size=2em}}

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1

|{{MongolUnicode|᠑|h|font-size=2em}}

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2

|{{MongolUnicode|᠒|h|font-size=2em}}

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3

|{{MongolUnicode|᠓|h|font-size=2em}}

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4

|{{MongolUnicode|᠔|h|font-size=2em}}

{{MongolUnicode|᠔|v|font-size=2em}}{{resize|140%|{{bo-textonly|༤}}}}
5

|{{MongolUnicode|᠕|h|font-size=2em}}

{{MongolUnicode|᠕|v|font-size=2em}}{{resize|140%|{{bo-textonly|༥}}}}
6

|{{MongolUnicode|᠖|h|font-size=2em}}

{{MongolUnicode|᠖|v|font-size=2em}}{{resize|140%|{{bo-textonly|༦}}}}
7

|{{MongolUnicode|᠗|h|font-size=2em}}

{{MongolUnicode|᠗|v|font-size=2em}}{{resize|140%|{{bo-textonly|༧}}}}
8

|{{MongolUnicode|᠘|h|font-size=2em}}

{{MongolUnicode|᠘|v|font-size=2em}}{{resize|140%|{{bo-textonly|༨}}}}
9

|{{MongolUnicode|᠙|h|font-size=2em}}

{{MongolUnicode|᠙|v|font-size=2em}}{{resize|140%|{{bo-textonly|༩}}}}

Extended numbers

{{unreferenced|1=section|date=October 2022}}

{{missing information|1=section|2=these numerals. For each of them, there are up to three different forms (old Monoglian; Inner Monglian, i.e. perhaps under Chinese influence; Outer Mongolian, under European influence), see e.g. Chinggaltai 1963 p. 64|date=October 2022}}

class="wikitable"

!Name

!Power Notation

!Short scale Western

аравт (aravt)10

|ten

зуут (dzuut)102

|hundred

мянгат (myangat)103

|1 thousand

түмт (tümt)104

|10 thousand

бумт (bumt)105

|100 thousand

саят (sayat)106

|1 million

живаа (jivaa)107

|10 million

дүнчүүр (dünchüür)108

|100 million

тэрбум (terbum)109

|1 billion

их тэрбум (ikh terbum)1010

|10 billion

наяд (nayad)1011

|100 billion

их наяд (ikh nayad)1012

|1 trillion

Тавьшгүй (Tavishgui)1013

|10 trillion

Их тавьшгүй (Ikh tavishgui)1014

|100 trillion

тунамал (tunamal)1015

|1 quadrillion

их тунамал (ikh tunamal)1016

|10 quadrillion

ингүүмэл (ingüümel)1017

|100 quadrillion

их ингүүмэл (ikh ingüümel)1018

|1 quintillion

хямралгүй (khyamralgüi)1019

|10 quintillion

их хямралгүй (ikh khyamralgüi)1020

|100 quintillion

ялгаруулагч (yalgaruulagch)1021

|1 sextillion

их ялгаруулагч (ikh yalgaruulagch)1022

|10 sextillion

өөр дээр (öör deer)1023

|100 sextillion

их өөр дээр (ikh öör deer)1024

|1 septillion

хөөн удирдагч (khöön udirdagch)1025

|10 septillion

их хөөн удирдагч (ikh khöön udirdagch)1026

|100 septillion

хязгаар үзэгдэл (khyadzgaar üdzegdel)1027

|1 octillion

их хязгаар үзэгдэл (ikh khyadzgaar üdzegel)1028

|10 octillion

шалтгааны зүйл (shaltgaany dzüyl)1029

|100 octillion

их шалтгааны зүйл (ikh shaltgaany dzüyl)1030

|1 nonillion

үзэсгэлэн гэрэлт (üdzesgelen gerelt)1031

|10 nonillion

их үзэсгэлэн гэрэлт (ikh üdzesgelen gerelt)1032

|100 nonillion

эрхт (erkht)1033

|1 decillion

их эрхт (ikh erkht)1034

|10 decillion

сайтар хүргэсэн (saytar khürgesen)1035

|100 decillion

их сайтар хүргэсэн (ikh saytar khürgesen)1036

|1 undecillion

олон одох (olon odokh)1037

|10 undecillion

их олон одох (ikh olon odokh)1038

|100 undecillion

живэх тоосон билэг (jivekh tooson bileg)1039

|1 duodecillion

их живэх тоосон билэг (ikh jivekh tooson bileg)1040

|10 duodecillion

билэг тэмдэг (bilet temdeg)1041

|100 duodecillion

их билэг тэмдэг (ikh bilet temdeg)1042

|1 tredecillion

хүчин нөхөр (khüchin nökhör)1043

|10 tredecillion

их хүчин нөхөр (ikh khüchin nökhör)1044

|100 tredecillion

тохио мэдэхүй (tokhio medekhüi)1045

|1 quattuordecillion

их тохио мэдэхүй (ikh tokhio medekhüi)1046

|10 quattuordecillion

тийн болсон (tiin bolson)1047

|100 quattuordecillion

их тийн болсон (ikh tiin bolson)1048

|1 quindecillion

хүчин нүд (khüchin nud)1049

|10 quindecillion

их хүчин нүд (ikh khüchin nüd)1050

|100 quindecillion

асрахуй (asrakhui)1051

|1 sexdecillion

их асрахуй (ikh asrakhui)1052

|10 sexdecillion

нигүүлсэнгүй (nigüülsengüi)1053

|100 sexdecillion

их нигүүлсэнгүй (ikh nigüülsengüi)1054

|1 septendecillion

баясгалангуй (bayasgalangui)1055

|10 septendecillion

их баясгалангуй (ikh bayasgalangui)1056

|100 septendecillion

тоолшгүй (toolshgüi)1057

|1 octodecillion

хэмжээлшгүй (khemjeelshgüi)1058

|10 octodecillion

цаглашгүй (tsaglashgüi)1059

|100 octodecillion

өгүүлшгүй (ögüülshgüi)1060

|1 novemdecillion

хэрэглэшгүй (kheregleshgüi)1061

|10 novemdecillion

үйлдэж дуусашгүй (üildej duusashgüi)1062

|100 novemdecillion

үлэшгүй (üleshgüi)1063

|1 vigintillion

хирлэшгүй (khirleshgüi)1064

|10 vigintillion

үлэж дуусашгүй (ülej duusashgüi)1065

|100 vigintillion

сэтгэшгүй (setgeshgüi)1066

|1 unvigintillion

References