Tibeto-Kanauri languages

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|Description = Western Tibeto-Burman languages, largely following Thurgood and La Polla (2003).{{cite book|last1=Thurgood |first1=Graham |last2=LaPolla |first2=Randy J. (ed.s) |year=2003 |title=Sino-Tibetan Languages |location=London |publisher=Routledge |ISBN=0-7007-1129-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5MeWSTQ7F44C}}

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Benedict (1972) originally posited the Tibeto-Kanauri {{sm|aka}} Bodish–Himalayish relationship, but had a more expansive conception of Himalayish than generally found today, including Qiangic, Magaric, and Lepcha. Within Benedict's conception, Tibeto-Kanauri is one of seven linguistic nuclei, or centers of gravity along a spectrum, within Tibeto-Burman languages. The center-most nucleus identified by Benedict is the Jingpho language (including perhaps the Kachin–Luic and Tamangic languages); other peripheral nuclei besides Tibeto-Kanauri include the Kiranti languages (Bahing–Vayu and perhaps the Newar language); the Tani languages; the Bodo–Garo languages and perhaps the Konyak languages); the Kukish languages (Kuki–Naga plus perhaps the Karbi language, the Meitei language and the Mru language); and the Burmish languages (Lolo-Burmese languages, perhaps also the Nung language and Trung).{{cite book|title=Sino-Tibetan: a Conspectus |volume=2 |series=Princeton-Cambridge Studies in Chinese Linguistics |first=Paul K. |last=Benedict |publisher=CUP Archive |year=1972 |pages=4–11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sww9AAAAIAAJ}}

Matisoff (1978, 2003) largely follows Benedict's scheme, stressing the teleological value of identifying related characteristics over mapping detailed family trees in the study of Tibeto-Burman and Sino-Tibetan languages. Matisoff includes Bodish and West Himalayish with the Lepcha language as a third branch. He unites these at a higher level with Mahakiranti as Himalayish.{{cite book|title=Variational semantics in Tibeto-Burman: The "Organic" Approach to Linguistic Comparison |volume=6 |series=Occasional papers, Wolfenden Society on Tibeto-Burman Linguistics |first=James A. |last=Matisoff |publisher=Institute for the Study of Human Issues |year=1978 |isbn=0-915980-85-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UWuuAAAAIAAJ}}{{cite book|title=Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction |volume=135 |series=University of California Publications in Linguistics |first=James A. |last=Matisoff |publisher=University of California Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-520-09843-9 |pages=1–9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3g8VZcAfETcC}}

Van Driem (2001) notes that the Bodish, West Himalayish, and Tamangic languages (but not Benedict's other families) appear to have a common origin.{{cite book|title=Languages of the Himalayas: an Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region: Containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language |volume=10 |series=Handbuch der Orientalistik. Zweite Abteilung, Indien |first=George |last=van Driem |publisher=BRILL |year=2001 |isbn=90-04-10390-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fiavPYCz4dYC}}

Bradley (1997) takes much the same approach but words things differently: he incorporates West Himalayish and Tamangic as branches within his "Bodish", which thus becomes close to Tibeto-Kanauri. This and his Himalayan family{{fix|text=same as Mahakiranti?}} constitute his Bodic family.{{cite book|title=Tibeto-Burman Languages of the Himalayas |issue=14 |series=Occasional Papers in South-East Asian linguistics |first=David |last=Bradley |publisher=Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University |year=1997 |isbn=0-85883-456-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTESAAAAYAAJ}}

{{reflist|2}}

• {{cite conference |title=The subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman |first=David |last=Bradley |book-title=Medieval Tibeto-Burman languages: proceedings of a symposium held in Leiden, June 26, 2000, at the 9th Seminar of the International Association of Tibetan Studies |series=Brill's Tibetan studies library |volume=1 |editor=Christopher I. Beckwith |publisher=BRILL |year=2002 |pages=73–112 |isbn=978-90-04-12424-0 }}
• {{cite book|title=Research on Tibeto-Burman languages |volume=14 |series=Trends in Linguistics |first=Austin |last=Hale |chapter=Review of Research |pages=30–49 passim |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=1982 |isbn=978-90-279-3379-9 }}
• {{cite book|title=Annual Review of South Asian Languages and Linguistics: 2009 |volume=222 |series=Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs |first=Rajendra |last=Singh |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2009 |isbn=978-3-11-022559-4 |pages=154–161 }}

{{Bodic languages}}

{{Sino-Tibetan branches}}

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