Timeline of Abidjan#21st century
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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
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Prior to 20th century
{{History of Ivory Coast}}
20th century
- 1903 - Abidjan becomes a town.
- 1910 - Dimbokro-Abidjan railway constructed.{{sfn|Dubresson|1997}}
- 1920 - Population: 1,000.
- 1927 - Port-Bouët wharf commissioned.{{sfn|Dubresson|1997}}
- 1934
- French administrative capital relocated to Abidjan from Bingerville.{{sfn|Armstrong|1985}}
- Bobo-Dioulasso-Abidjan railway constructed.{{sfn|Dubresson|1997}}
- 1938 - Theatre Indigene formed.{{cite book |title=Cambridge Guide to African and Caribbean Theatre |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgeguideto00mart |url-access=registration |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year= 1994 |isbn=0521411394 |editor=Martin Banham|chapter=Côte d'Ivoire |display-editors=etal}}
- 1942 - Museum established.{{cite web |url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/culture/cote-d-ivoire-le-musee-d-abidjan-pille-durant-la-guerre-un-pan-d-histoire-s-efface_1020745.html |title=Côte d'Ivoire: le musée d'Abidjan pillé durant la guerre, un pan d'histoire s'efface |date=14 August 2011 |work=L'Express |location=Paris |language= fr }}
- 1945 - City council election held.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
- 1946 - Population: 48,000.
- 1948 - ASEC Mimosas football club formed.
- 1950 - Vridi Canal opens.{{sfn|Dubresson|1997}}
- 1951 - Autonomous Port of Abidjan in operation.
- 1952
- Bibliothèque municipale established.
- Stade Andre Geo opens.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
- 1953 - Banco National Park and Stella Club d'Adjamé (football club) established.
- 1954 - Abidjan Matin newspaper begins publication.{{cite web |url= http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su%3AAbidjan+%28Côte+d%27Ivoire%29+Newspapers.&qt=hot_subject |title= Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) Newspapers |location=USA |work=WorldCat |publisher=Online Computer Library Center |access-date=10 May 2013}}
- 1955
- Ouagadougou-Abidjan railway begins operating.
- Catholic Archdiocese of Abidjan established.{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses:Côte d'Ivoire |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/cote_ivoire |work=www.katolsk.no |publisher=Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese) |location=Norway |access-date=30 September 2014 }}
- Population: 127,585.{{sfn|Dubresson|1997}}
- 1956
- Municipality established.
- Félix Houphouët-Boigny becomes mayor.{{cite web |url=http://www.districtabidjan.org/historique.php |title=Les anciens Maires et Gouverneur du District d'Abidjan |publisher=District d'Abidjan |language=fr |access-date=10 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427041158/http://districtabidjan.org/historique.php |archive-date=27 April 2013 }}
- City Hall built.{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of 20th-century Architecture |editor=Stephen Sennott |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |year= 2004 |isbn=1579584330 }}
- 1958
- 1st bridge completed connecting the mainland to Petit-Bassam Island.
- 1960
- City becomes capital of independent Republic of Côte d'Ivoire.
- Antoine Konan Kanga becomes mayor.
- Abidjan Transport Company founded.
- 1961 - Centre d'Edition et de Diffusion Africaines established.{{cite book |author=Claudia Schulz |chapter=Construire le paysage de l'edition dans l'Afrique francophone de l'Ouest durant l'epoque post-coloniale |title=Les mutations du livre et de l'édition dans le monde du XVIIIe siècle à l'an 2000 |publisher=Presses Université Laval |year= 2001 |isbn=2747508137 |language= fr}}
- 1962
- Presidential palace inaugurated.
- Institut Africain pour le Développement économique et Social headquartered in Abidjan.{{cite web |url=http://www.cerap-inades.org/ |title=Centre de Recherche et d'Action pour la Paix |location=Abidjan |access-date=10 May 2013}}
- Centre Culturel Français active.
- 1963
- Radio Télévision Ivoirienne (television) begins broadcasting.
- Population: 246,700 urban agglomeration.{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1965 |year=1966 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants }}
- 1964 - Fraternité Matin newspaper begins publication.
- 1965
- African Development Bank headquartered in Abidjan.{{cite web |url=http://www.afdb.org/en/about-us/history/ |title=History |publisher=African Development Bank Group |access-date=28 May 2013}}
- Nour-al-Hayat Mall built.
- 1967
- Charles de Gaulle bridge built.
- Higher Institute of Religious Culture founded.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
- 1968 - National Library of Ivory Coast established.{{Citation |publisher = De Gruyter Saur |isbn = 9783110230710 |title = World Guide to Libraries |edition=25th |date = 2011 }}
- 1969 - Ivoire InterContinental Abidjan Hotel built.
- 1971 - Abidjan Institute of Criminology established (approximate date).{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}
- 1972 - International Community School of Abidjan founded.{{cite web |url=http://www.icsa.ac.ci/history.html |title=International Community School of Abidjan |access-date=10 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704132730/http://www.icsa.ac.ci/history.html |archive-date=4 July 2013 }}
- 1974 - Abidjan Stock Exchange established.
- 1975 - Population: 951,216.{{sfn|Dubresson|1997}}
- 1976 - Ivorian Society of Bank building and Department of Finances building constructed.
- 1978
- Palais des Sports de Treichville established.
- Population: 1,269,071.{{sfn|Dubresson|1997}}
- 1980
- City of Abidjan organized into ten communes: Abobo, Adjamé, Attécoubé, Cocody, Koumassi, Marcory, Plateau, Port-Bouët, Treichville, Yopougon.{{sfn|Freund|2001}}
- Emmanuel Dioulo becomes mayor.
- 1983 - Political capital of Ivory Coast relocated from Abidjan to Yamoussoukro.{{sfn|Armstrong|1985}}
- 1984
- March: 1984 African Cup of Nations held.
- Cité Administrative Tour C, D and E built.
- 1985
- St. Paul's Cathedral, Abidjan built.
- Ernest N’Koumo Mobio becomes mayor.
- Population: 1,716,000 (urban agglomeration).{{cite book |url=http://unhabitat.org/the-state-of-african-cities-2014/ |title=The State of African Cities 2014 |isbn=978-92-1-132598-0 |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195641/https://unhabitat.org/the-state-of-african-cities-2014/ |archive-date=2014-09-10 |date=2015-09-10 }}
- 1986 - Sister city relationship established with San Francisco, USA.{{cite web |publisher=City & County of San Francisco |title= San Francisco Sister Cities |access-date=30 December 2015 |url= http://www.oewd.org/index.aspx?page=100 |location=USA }}
- 1988
- Maquis du Val eatery opens.{{cite web |url=http://www.afdb.org/en/annual-meetings-2010/about-abidjan/restaurants-in-abidjan/ |title=Restaurants in Abidjan |publisher=African Development Bank |year=2010 }}
- Population: 1,934,342.{{sfn|Dubresson|1997}}
- 1990
- Demonstration against Houphouët-Boigny national regime.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
- Population: 2,102,000 (urban agglomeration).
- 1992 - African Publishers Network headquartered in city.{{Citation |publisher = CRC Press |location = Boca Raton, Florida |editor = Marcia J. Bates |title = Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences |date = 2010 |isbn=9780849397127 |page=5126 }}
- 1993 - Marche des Arts et du Spectacle Africains (festival) begins.{{cite book |title=World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Africa |publisher=Routledge |editor=Don Rubin |year=1997 |isbn=0415059313 |chapter=Côte d'Ivoire |author=Barthelemy Kotchy |display-authors=etal |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0002unse_j6c2 }}{{cite web |url=http://masa.ci/php/?page_id=227 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140906165511/http://masa.ci/php/?page_id=227 |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 September 2014 |title=MASA Festival |access-date=30 September 2014 }}
- 1994 - {{interlanguage link|Le Jour plus|fr}} newspaper begins publication.
- 1995
- Abidjan-Ouagadougou railway concessioned.{{cite book|author= Heinrich Bofinger |title=Africa's Transport Infrastructure: Mainstreaming Maintenance and Management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MadcB0XHYVcC|year= 2011|publisher=World Bank Publications|isbn=978-0-8213-8605-7 |via=Google Books (fulltext) }}{{citation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/19/world/abidjan-journal-the-little-railroad-that-couldn-t-goes-private.html |title=Abidjan Journal; The Little Railroad That Couldn't Goes Private |work=New York Times |date=November 19, 1994 |author=Howard W. French |author-link=Howard W. French }}
- Population: 2,535,000 (urban agglomeration).
- 1996
- Université d'Abobo-Adjamé founded.
- Inades-Formation Côte d'Ivoire relocated to Abidjan.{{cite web |url=http://cotedivoire.inadesfo.net/Notre-Histoire,148.html?lang= |title=Our History |publisher=Inades-Formation Côte d'ivoire |access-date=10 May 2013}}
- 1998
- West African regional Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières (stock exchange) headquartered in Abidjan.
- Population: 2,877,948.{{cite book |title=Africa South of the Sahara 2004 |publisher= Europa Publications |year=2004 |isbn= 1857431839 |chapter=Côte d'Ivoire }}
- 1999 - {{interlanguage link|Palais de la culture d'Abidjan|fr}} built.
- 2000
- Area of city: 627 square kilometers.{{Citation |publisher = Earthscan |isbn = 9781844071593 |title = State of the World's Cities |author = UN-HABITAT |date = 2004 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/stateofworldscit0000unse }}
- Population: 3,028,000 (urban agglomeration).
21st century
- 2001 - August: City administration decentralized into 13 communes: Abobo, Adjamé, Anyama, Attécoubé, Bingerville, Cocody, Koumassi, Marcory, Plateau, Port-Bouët, Songon, Treichville, Yopougon.{{cite web |url=http://www.districtabidjan.org/district.php |title=Le District |publisher=District d'Abidjan |language= fr |access-date=10 May 2013}}
- 2002
- September: First Ivorian Civil War begins.{{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13287585 |title=Ivory Coast Profile: Timeline |work=BBC News |access-date=30 September 2014 }}
- Pierre Djédji Amondji becomes Abidjan district governor.
- 2003 - December: "Attack on state TV building."
- 2004
- March: Political protest; violence ensues.{{citation |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/ivory-coast-turmoil-in-a-troubled-country-1.1007287 |title= Ivory Coast: Turmoil in a troubled country (timeline) |date=3 April 2011 |publisher= CBC News |location=Canada }}
- November: Anti-French riots.
- Anoumabo Open Theatre built.{{cite web |title=(Abidjan) |url=https://archnet.org |work=ArchNet |access-date= 15 July 2017 }}
- 2005 - Population: 3,564,000 (urban agglomeration).{{cite web |url=http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=9141&catid=7&typeid=46 |title=The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets |year=2010 |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617161951/http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=9141&catid=7&typeid=46 |archive-date=2013-06-17 }}
- 2007 - Ivory Coast National Film Festival begins.
- 2008 - {{interlanguage link|Pont d'Azito|fr}} (bridge) construction begins.
- 2009
- 29 March: 2009 Houphouët-Boigny stampede.
- Unite de Police Anti-Pollution active.{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2009/07/cote_divoire_up.html |title=Cote d'Ivoire: Up in Smoke; Meet Africa's first green cops |date=9 July 2009 |work=Frontline |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation }}
- University of Science and Technology of Ivory Coast established.
- 2010
- November: Pre-election unrest.{{cite book|editor=Andreas Mehler|title=Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2010 |year= 2011|publisher=Koninklijke Brill |isbn=978-90-04-20556-7 |chapter= Cote d'Ivoire |author= Bruno Losch |pages=81–92 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-a7fOs19r9IC&pg=PA81 |display-editors=etal}}
- December: Political protest.{{cite web |url= http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2010/12/2010121971745317811.html |title=Timeline: Ivory Coast |date=30 November 2011 |work=Al Jazeera English }}
- City website online (approximate date).{{cite web |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130428094858/http://www.districtabidjan.ci/ |url= http://www.districtabidjan.ci |archive-date= 2013-04-28 |title= District d'Abidjan: Site Officiel |via= Internet Archive, Wayback Machine }}{{Chronology citation needed|date=January 2016}}
- Population: 4,151,000 (urban agglomeration).
- 2011
- February: Protest in Abobo against Gbagbo regime.{{cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE71J03I20110220 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715180120/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE71J03I20110220 |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 July 2011 |title=Ivorian troops fire to disperse anti-Gbagbo protest |publisher=Reuters |date=20 February 2011 }}
- March: Second Ivorian Civil War begins.
- April: "French army take over Abidjan's airport."
- May: Robert Beugré Mambé becomes Abidjan district governor.
- 2012
- May: TEDx Abidjan begins.{{cite web |url=http://www.ted.com/tedx/events/2996 |title=TEDx Abidjan |access-date=10 May 2013}}
- November: Association Internationale des Maires Francophones conference held.{{cite web |url=http://www.gouv.ci/actualite_1.php?recordID=2984 |title=Assemblee generale de l'Association Internationale des Maires Francophones |date=26 November 2012 |publisher=Gouvernement de Côte d'Ivoire |language= fr }}{{cite web |url=http://www.aimf.asso.fr/default.asp?id=47&event=89 |title=Villes, dialogue interculturel et paix - Abidjan, 26-28 novembre 2012 |publisher=Association Internationale des Maires Francophones |location=Paris |access-date=10 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130701142642/http://www.aimf.asso.fr/default.asp?id=47&event=89 |archive-date=2013-07-01 }}
- Population: 4,476,397.
- 2013
- 1 January: 2013 Houphouët-Boigny stampede.
- Yamoussoukro-Abidjan highway built.[https://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21696793-africas-trade-suffers-dismal-infrastructure-lack-investment-and]
- InnovAfrica meets in Abidjan.{{cite web |url=http://innovafrica.org/fr/forum/abidjan-2013/ |title=InnovAfrica |access-date=30 September 2014 |language= fr }}
- 2014
- Henri Konan Bédié Bridge opens.
- Population: 4,395,243.{{citation |chapter=Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants |chapter-url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2018/ |title=Demographic Yearbook – 2018 |publisher=United Nations }}
- 2017 - July: 2017 Jeux de la Francophonie to be held in Abidjan.
See also
References
{{reflist|30em}}
This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia and the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
{{Refbegin}}
=in English=
- {{cite journal |title=Ivory Coast: another new capital for Africa |author= Allen Armstrong |journal= Geography |volume= 70 |year= 1985
|ref= {{harvid|Armstrong|1985}}
}}
- {{cite book |title=Metropolitan Planning and Management in the Developing World: Abidjan and Quito |publisher= United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) |location= Nairobi |year= 1991
|author= K. Attahi
|chapter= Planning and management in large cities: A case study of Abidjan, Côte-d'Ivoire
}}
- {{Citation |publisher = United Nations University Press |isbn = 92-808-0952-0 |title = The Urban Challenge in Africa |editor = Carole Rakodi |date = 1997 |chapter = Abidjan: From the public making of a modern city to urban management of a metropolis |author = Alain Dubresson |chapter-url = http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue00.htm |ref = {{harvid|Dubresson|1997}} |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/urbanchallengein0000unse }} {{free access}}
- {{cite journal |title=Contrasts in Urban Segregation: A Tale of Two African Cities, Durban (South Africa) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) |author= Bill Freund |journal= Journal of Southern African Studies |volume= 27 |issue= 3 |pages= 527–546 |year= 2001 |jstor=823314
|ref= {{harvid|Freund|2001}}
|doi= 10.1080/13632430120074572 |pmid= 17650571 |s2cid= 37285422 }}
- {{cite web |title=Abidjan |work=Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003 |url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/Global_Report/a-z.htm |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London |year=2003
}}
- {{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History |editor1= Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor2= Dickson Eyoh |publisher=Routledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qjolgQhpFtoC |isbn=0415234794 |year=2003
|chapter= Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
}}
- {{cite book|editor=Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates |title=Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517055-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TMZMAgAAQBAJ |edition=2nd |year=2005
|chapter=Abidjan |page= 6
}}
- {{cite book|author=Bill Freund|title=The African City: A History |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52792-7 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=CPWMcYhEhYQC |year=2007
|chapter=Globalisation and the African city: Touba, Abidjan, Durban
|pages=177+
}}
=in French=
- {{cite journal |author= Louis Roussel |display-authors=etal |title= La mobilité de la population urbaine en Afrique Noire: Deux essais de mesure, Abidjan et Yaoundé |journal=Population |volume= 23 |issue=2 |pages=333–352 |doi= 10.2307/1527492 |language=fr |via= Persee.fr |year= 1968
|jstor=1527492 }} {{free access}}
- {{cite journal |author= Philippe Haeringer |title= Structures foncières et création urbaine à Abidjan |journal= Cahiers d'études africaines |volume=9 |language= fr |url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1969_num_9_34_3163 |via=Persee.fr |year= 1969
}} {{free access}}
- {{cite book |author=Jean-Marie Gibbal |title= Citadins et villageois dans la ville africaine; l'exemple d'Abidjan |location=Grenoble |publisher= Presses Universitaires/Francois Maspero |year= 1974 |language= fr
}}
- {{cite book |author= P. Haeringer |year= 1977 |chapter=Abidjan 1976. Occupation de l'espace urbain et péri-urbain |title= Atlas de Côte-d'Ivoire |publisher= Ministère de Plan-ORSTOM-IGT |location= Abidjan |language= fr
}}
- {{cite journal |author=P. Haeringer |title=Vingt-cinq ans de politique urbaine a Abidjan |journal=Politique Africaine |volume=17 |language= fr |year=1985
|doi=10.3406/polaf.1985.3976 |s2cid=149088468 }}
- {{cite book |author1= C. Vidal |author2= M. Le Pape |title= Pratiques de crise et conditions sociales à Abidjan, 1979-1985 |publisher= ORSTOM |location=Abidjan |language= fr |year= 1986
}}
- {{cite book |author=Philippe Antoine|title=Abidjan 'côte cours' |location=Paris |publisher=ORSTOM/Karthala |language= fr|display-authors=etal |year=1987
}}
- {{citation |author= A. Bonnassieux |title= L'autre Abidjan. Chronique d'un quartier oublié |publisher= INADES |location= Paris |language= fr |year= 1987
}}
- {{citation |author=M. Le Pape |title=Abidjan: du cosmopolitanisme à la mondialisation |publisher= ASP CNRS-ORSTOM |location= Paris |language= fr |display-authors=etal |year= 1992
}}
- {{cite journal |author=Dabié Nassa |title=Abidjan: Rue des Jardins et rue du Commerce à l'épreuve de la mondialisation |journal={{interlanguage link|Géographie et Cultures|fr}} |volume=71 |doi= 10.4000/gc.2124 |language=fr |via= Revues.org |year= 2009
|doi-access=free }} {{open access}}
- {{cite book |title=Villes et organisation de l'espace en Afrique |publisher= Éditions Karthala |isbn=978-2811103392 |language= fr |year= 2010
}} (contains several chapters about Abidjan)
- {{cite book |title=Abidjan |series=Le Petit Futé |language= fr |chapter=Histoire |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=QXpp8DJznrgC |year= 2012
|isbn=9782746960428 |author1=Collectif |last2=Auzias |first2=Dominique |last3=Labourdette |first3=Jean-Paul }}
- {{cite book |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme
|url= https://unhabitat.org/books/cote-divoire-profil-urbain-dabidjan-french/ |language=fr |title= Côte d'Ivoire: Profil Urbain d'Abidjan |year= 2012
}}
{{refend}}
External links
{{Commons category-inline|History of Abidjan}}
- {{cite web |url= http://doaj.org/search?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22Abidjan%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.title%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%7D%7D%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22bibjson.year.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22bibjson.month.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A100%7D |title=(Abidjan) |work=Directory of Open Access Journals |location=UK }} (Bibliography of open access {{open access}} articles)
- {{cite web |url= https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=Abidjan&rows=96 |title= (Abidjan) |via= Europeana }} (Images, etc.)
- {{cite web |url= http://dp.la/search?page_size=100&q=Abidjan&utf8=✓ |title= (Abidjan) |via= Digital Public Library of America }} (Images, etc.)
- {{cite web |url= http://www.ilissafrica.de/en/vk/?k0=title&v0=Abidjan&c=UBFfm631&c=GIGA_swb&c=ascLeiden&c=NAI&c=IFEAS&c=ilissOLC&c=AiLiSs&c=base&c=dkg |title=(Abidjan) |publisher= Frankfurt University Library |work=Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa |location=Germany }} (Bibliography)
- {{cite web |url= http://www.connecting-africa.net/query_2.php?F9=0&S0=Abidjan&F0=0 |title=(Abidjan) |work=Connecting-Africa |publisher=African Studies Centre |location=Leiden, Netherlands }} (Bibliography)
- {{cite web |url= http://www.africabib.org/query_a.php?ti=Abidjan |title=(Abidjan) |work= AfricaBib.org }} (Bibliography)
- {{cite web |url= https://ideas.repec.org/cgi-bin/htsearch?q=Abidjan |title= (Abidjan) |work=Research Papers in Economics |editor=Christian Zimmermann |publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis |location= United States }} (Bibliography)
- {{cite web |url=http://www.blackpast.org/gah/abidjan-cote-divoire-1903 |title= Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire |work= BlackPast.org |location=United States }}
Images
File:Sur le pont Charles-de-Gaulle - Abidjan.jpg|De Gaulle Bridge, built 1967 (photo 2009)
File:2009 Abidjan church 4587586096.jpeg|St. Paul's Cathedral, Abidjan, built 1980 (photo 2009)
File:Riviera II, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 1312011 - 1230 h (3864).jpg|Abidjan, 2010
File:Rond-point Liberté Adjamé.jpg|Liberté traffic circle, Adjamé, Abidjan, in 2010
File:Abidjan Cocody view 14226838979.jpg|Abidjan, 2014
{{Years in Ivory Coast}}
{{Communes of Abidjan}}
{{Timelines of cities in Africa}}