Timeline of Addis Ababa

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{{short description|Chronological aspect of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia}}

The following is a historical events of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, including its formation prior to 20th century by chronology.

Prior to 20th century

{{History of Ethiopia}}

  • 15th-century – "Barara" was identified as possible location of the city
  • 1450 – Italian cartographer, Fra Mauro depicted the city standing between Mounts Zikwala and Menegasha
  • 1529 — Ethiopian-Adal War, the Adal Sultanate entirely sacked the city under general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi .
  • 1884 – Mount Entoto was founded by Negus and later Emperor Menelik II
  • 1886 — The city's former name called Finfinne renamed "Addis Ababa" ("New Flower") by Taytu Betul, Empress Consort of the Ethiopian Empire.{{sfn|Zewde|2005}}
  • 1889 — Population: 15,000 (estimate).{{sfn|Palen|1974}}
  • 1891 — Ethiopian Empire capital relocated to Addis Ababa from Entoto (approximate date).{{sfn|Pankhurst|1961}}
  • 1896 — St. George's Cathedral built.
  • 1897
  • Harar-Addis telephone line constructed.{{sfn|Pankhurst|1961}}
  • Hospital opens.{{cite book|editor=Siegbert Uhlig|title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica |year=2007 |volume=3 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-05607-6|title-link=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica }}

20th century

  • 1903 — Eucalyptus trees planted.{{sfn|Zewde|2005}}
  • 1904
  • Mint established.{{sfn|Pankhurst|1961}}
  • Asmara — Addis telephone line constructed.{{sfn|Pankhurst|1961}}
  • 1906 — Telegraph office{{sfn|Pankhurst|1961}} and Menelik II school established.{{sfn|Gould|1973}}
  • 1907
  • Ras Makonnen bridge constructed.{{sfn|Pankhurst|1961}}
  • Itegue Taitu Hotel in business.{{cite book |title=Ethiopia |edition=6th |year=2012 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |location=UK |author=Philip Briggs |isbn=9781841624143 }}
  • 1908 — Tefere Makonnen high school established.
  • 1913 — Courrier d'Ethiopie newspaper begins publication.
  • 1917 — Djibouti-Addis Ababa railway begins operating.{{cite book |title=New International Year Book |chapter=Abyssinia |year=1921 |publisher=Dodd, Mead and Co. |location=NY |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HH0xAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1 }}
  • 1922
  • Nasibu Emmanual becomes mayor.
  • Leprosy hospital built.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}
  • 1924 — Medhane Alem school established.{{sfn|Gould|1973}}
  • 1928 — Empress Menen school established.{{sfn|Gould|1973}}

=1930s–1940s=

  • 1930
  • 2 November: Haile Sellasie crowned "King of Kings of Ethiopia."
  • Guenete Leul Palace built.
  • Population: 80,000 (estimate).{{sfn|Palen|1974}}
  • 1935 — Hager Fikir Association formed.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}
  • 1936
  • April: Aerial bombing by Italian forces.International Herald Tribune, 5 April 1936
  • 5 May: City taken by Italian forces.
  • City becomes capital of Italian East Africa.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13351397 |title=Ethiopia Profile: Timeline |date=10 May 2011 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=20 February 2013}}
  • Giuseppe Bottai becomes governor, succeeded by Alfredo Siniscalchi.
  • 1937
  • 19 February - Attempted assassination of Rodolfo Graziani at Viceregal Palace.{{Citation |publisher = University of California Press |isbn = 0520081218 |location = Berkeley |title = A History of Ethiopia |author = Harold G. Marcus |date = 1994 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/historyofethiopi00marc }}New York Times, 21 February 1937
  • 19–20 February: Crackdown by Italian forces on Ethiopian population.New York Times, 24 February 1937
  • 1938 — Francesco Camero Medici becomes governor.
  • 1939 — Enrico Cerulli becomes governor, succeeded by Guglielmo Nasi.
  • 1940
  • Giuseppe Daodice becomes governor.
  • Hailé Sélassié Stadium opens.
  • 1941
  • Agenore Frangipani becomes governor.
  • 5 May: Haile Selassie returns.
  • Addis Zemen Amharic-language newspaper begins publication.{{cite book |title=Africa South of the Sahara 2004 |series=Regional Surveys of the World |publisher= Europa Publications |year=2004 |isbn= 1857431839 |chapter= Ethiopia: Directory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jj4J-AXGDaQC |page=429+ }}
  • 1942 — Holy Trinity Cathedral built.
  • 1943 — Haile Selassie I school established.{{sfn|Gould|1973}}
  • 1944 — Public library inaugurated.{{Citation |publisher = CRC Press |location = Boca Raton, Florida |editor = Marcia J. Bates |title = Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences |date = 2010 |isbn=9780849397127 |chapter=Ethiopia: Libraries, Archives and Museums |author=Shiferaw Assefa }}
  • 1945 — Anbessa City Bus Service founded.
  • 1947 — Addis Ababa Chamber of Commerce founded.{{cite web |title=Nazret.com |url=http://www.nazret.com/ |access-date= 30 September 2014 }}

=1950s–1960s=

  • 1950 — University College of Addis Ababa established.
  • 1952 — Prince Makonnen school established.{{sfn|Gould|1973}}
  • 1955 — Jubilee Palace and Haile Sellasie I Theatre built.{{sfn|Zewde|2005}}
  • 1958
  • Institute of Archaeology founded.
  • Economic Commission for Africa headquartered in city.{{cite book|author=Richard Green|title=Chronology of International Organizations |year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-35590-6 |chapter= United Nations |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=IQQSBAAAQBAJ |page=38+ }}
  • 1960
  • December: Coup attempt.
  • Koka Dam constructed.
  • 1961
  • Bole Airport established.
  • United Nations Economic Commission for Africa headquartered in Addis Ababa.
  • 1963
  • Organization of African Unity headquartered in Addis Ababa.{{cite web |url=http://www.addisababacity.gov.et/index.php/en/city-hall/city-profile |title=City Profile |publisher=City Government of Addis Ababa |access-date=20 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125024721/http://www.addisababacity.gov.et/index.php/en/city-hall/city-profile |archive-date=25 January 2013 }}
  • Orchestra Ethiopia, Addis Ababa Bank, and Addis Ababa University's Institute of Ethiopian Studies established.
  • 1965
  • Council of the Oriental Orthodox Churches held.
  • Population: 560,000.{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1965 |year=1966 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=140–161 }}
  • 1966
  • Centre International de Developpement et de Recherche and Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society headquartered in Addis Ababa.
  • University Students' Union of Addis Ababa established.

=1970s–1980s=

=1990s=

  • 1991
  • Finfinne become the capital city of the Oromia Region.
  • City taken by Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front.
  • An ammunition warehouse explodes, killing 100{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/05/world/100-killed-in-blast-at-ethiopian-depot.html|title=100 Killed in Blast at Ethiopian Depot|last=Krauss|first=Clifford|date=1991-06-05|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-06-05|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
  • Ethiopian Economic Association headquartered in Addis Ababa.{{cite web |url= http://www.eeaecon.org/eea_profiles |title=EEA Profile |publisher=Ethiopian Economic Association |access-date=20 February 2013}}
  • 1992 — Ethiopian International Institute for Peace and Development headquartered in Addis Ababa.{{cite web |url=http://thinktanks.fpri.org/list?country_op=or&country%5B%5D=Ethiopa |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130414193942/http://thinktanks.fpri.org/list?country_op=or&country%5B%5D=Ethiopa |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 April 2013 |title=Think Tank Directory |publisher=Foreign Policy Research Institute |location=Philadelphia, USA |access-date=20 February 2013 }}
  • 1994
  • Theological College of the Holy Trinity re-opens.{{cite web |url= http://www.trinityuniversitycollege.net/en/history.html |title= History |publisher=Holy Trinity Theological College |access-date=20 February 2013}}
  • Population: 2,112,737.
  • 1995
  • Addis Ababa "given the status of self-governed city."{{sfn|Rutten|2005}}
  • The Reporter newspaper begins publication.{{cite web |url=http://www.thereporterethiopia.com/about-us.html |title=About Us |location=Addis Ababa |publisher=Media & Communications Center |access-date=20 February 2013}}
  • 1996
  • Addis Chamber International Trade Fair begins (approximate date).{{cite web |url= http://www.addischamber.com/trade_fair/tradefair.php |title= Trade Fair |publisher= Addis Ababa Chamber of Commerce and Sectoral Associations |access-date= 20 February 2013 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111205223254/http://www.addischamber.com/trade_fair/tradefair.php |archive-date= 5 December 2011 }}
  • Goshu Art Gallery and Asni Gallery founded.
  • 1998 — Addis Ababa Ring Road construction begins.
  • 1999
  • Mojo-Addis Ababa highway constructed.{{citation |author1=Sweco |author2= Nordic Consulting Group |url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/00473227-EN-TAH-FINAL-VOL2.PDF |publisher=African Development Bank and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa |title=Review of the Implementation Status of the Trans African Highways and the Missing Links |volume= 2: Description of Corridors |year=2003 |author1-link= Sweco }}
  • Ethiopian National Archives and Library established.{{cite web |url=http://www.nala.gov.et/Pages/CommonPage.aspx?Id=1 |title=About Us |publisher=Ethiopian National Archives and Library Agency |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619130505/http://www.nala.gov.et/Pages/CommonPage.aspx?Id=1 |archive-date=19 June 2013 |url-status=dead }}

21st century

=2000s=

  • 2000
  • City administrative areas reorganized into 10 sub-cities: Arada, Addis Ketema, Akaki Kalati, Bole, Cherkos, Gulele, Kolfe Keranio, Lideta, Nefas Silk, and Yeka.{{cite web |url=http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=9173&catid=646&typeid=3&subMenuId=0 |title=Urban Inequities Report: Addis Ababa |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme |access-date=20 February 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }} 2003?
  • Oromia's capital relocated from Finfinne to Adama.
  • Addis Ababa Women Entrepreneurs Association{{cite web |url=http://www.aawea.org.et/ |title=Addis Ababa Women Entrepreneurs Association |access-date=20 February 2013}} and Universal Arts and Crafts gallery established.
  • November: Burial of Haile Selassie.
  • 2001 — City plan adopted.{{sfn|Rutten|2005}}
  • 2002
  • African Union headquartered in Addis Ababa.
  • AIDS Resource Center launched.{{cite web |url=http://www.etharc.org/aboutnarc |title=About NARC |publisher=National AIDS Resource Center |access-date=20 February 2013}}
  • Population: 2,646,000.{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2011.htm |work=Demographic Yearbook 2011 |year=2012 |publisher=United Nations Statistics Division |title=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants }}
  • Bole Airport new terminal opens.
  • 2003 — Arkebe Oqubay becomes mayor.
  • 2004 — Ethiopian Orthodox Library-Museum inaugurated.
  • 2005
  • Oromia's capital restored to Addis Ababa
  • Election protest.{{cite web |date=3 November 2005 |title= Riots in Addis |publisher=Global Voices }}
  • 2006
  • 12 May: Bombings.New York Times, 12 May 2006
  • Federation of African Societies of Chemistry headquartered in Addis Ababa.{{cite web |url= http://www.faschem.org/ |title=Federation of African Societies of Chemistry |access-date=20 February 2013}}
  • 2007
  • Addis International Film Festival begins.{{cite web |url=http://www.addisfilmfestival.org |title=Addis International Film Festival |access-date=20 February 2013}}
  • Dembel Mall built.
  • 2008
  • Addis Ababa Women’s Affairs Bureau established.{{cite web |url=http://www.addisababacity.gov.et/index.php/en/social-sector/labour-and-social-affairs/women-and-child-bureau |title=Addis Ababa City Administration women, Children and Youths Affair Bureau |publisher=City Government of Addis Ababa |access-date=20 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125025132/http://www.addisababacity.gov.et/index.php/en/social-sector/labour-and-social-affairs/women-and-child-bureau |archive-date=25 January 2013 }}
  • Kuma Demeksa becomes mayor.
  • April–May: African Championships in Athletics held.
  • 2009 — Cinema Yoftahe opens.{{cite web |url= http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/ethiopia/addis-ababa?status=all |title=Movie Theaters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |work=CinemaTreasures.org |publisher= Cinema Treasures LLC |location=Los Angeles |access-date=30 September 2014 }}

=2010s=

  • 2011 — Jazzamba Lounge (nightclub) in business.{{citation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/travel/in-ethiopias-capital-a-resurgent-jazz-scene.html |work=New York Times |date=13 November 2014 |title=In Ethiopia's Capital, a Resurgent Jazz Scene }}
  • 2012
  • Muslim protest.{{cite book|editor=Andreas Mehler|title=Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2012 |year= 2013|publisher=Koninklijke Brill |isbn=978-90-04-25600-2 |chapter=Ethiopia |author= Jon Abbink |pages=325+ |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Af9AAQAAQBAJ |display-editors=etal}}
  • African Union Conference Center inaugurated.{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16770932 |title=African Union opens Chinese-funded HQ in Ethiopia|date=2012-01-28 |work=BBC News Online|publisher=BBC}}
  • 2013 — 2 June: Anti-government protest.{{cite web |publisher=Reuters |date=2 June 2013 |title=Thousands march for rights in rare Ethiopia protest |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ethiopia-politics-protest-idUSBRE9510AN20130602 }}
  • 2017
  • Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway in operation.
  • The Koshe landfill collapses, burying stick and brick houses, killing many people.
  • Population: 4,215,965 (estimate).{{citation |chapter=Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants |chapter-url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2018/ |title=Demographic Yearbook – 2018 |publisher=United Nations }}
  • 2018
  • Takele Uma Benti becomes mayor.

= 2020s =

  • 2020
  • Adanech Abebe becomes a Deputy mayor, being the first female mayor to hold a position.
  • 2021
  • Adanech Abebe reelected as a mayor
  • United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces groups close in on Addis Ababa and threaten to take it.{{Cite news|last1=Neuman|first1=Scott|last2=Peralta|first2=Eyder|date=2021-11-09|title=Rebels are closing in on Ethiopia's capital. Its collapse could bring regional chaos|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/11/07/1051940127/rebels-are-closing-in-on-ethiopias-capital-its-collapse-could-bring-regional-cha|access-date=2021-12-17}}

See also

References

{{reflist|30em}}

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and the Italian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

;Published in 19th-20th century

  • {{cite journal |title=Capital of Abyssinia |journal = Scottish Geographical Magazine |year=1895 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SoxIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA194 }}
  • {{cite book |title=A Sporting Trip through Abyssinia |year=1902 |chapter={{sic|hide=y|Ad|is Ababa}}

|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/sportingtripthro00powe#page/80/mode/2up |author=P.H.G. Powell-Cotton |location=London |publisher=Rowland Ward }}

  • {{cite web |title=Addis Ababa is New Town of Ethiopia |date=May 3, 1936 |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/05/03/archives/addis-abba-is-new-town-of-ethiopia-empress-taitu-chose-the-site.html}}
  • {{cite journal |title=Menelik and the Foundation of Addis Ababa |author=Richard Pankhurst |author-link=Richard Pankhurst (academic) |journal=Journal of African History |volume= 2 |issue=1 |pages=103–117 |year=1961 |jstor=179586

|ref= {{harvid|Pankhurst|1961}}

|doi=10.1017/S0021853700002176 |s2cid=162496774 }}

  • {{cite journal |title=Provision of Secondary Schools in African Cities: A Study of Addis Ababa |author= W. T. S. Gould |journal=Town Planning Review |volume= 44 |issue= 4 |pages= 391–403 |year= 1973 |jstor=40102950

|ref= {{harvid|Gould|1973}}

|doi= 10.3828/tpr.44.4.gjp8500406g838tq }}

  • {{cite journal |title=Housing in a Developing Nation: The Case of Addis Ababa |author=J. John Palen |journal= Land Economics |volume= 50 |issue=4 |pages=428–434 |year= 1974 |jstor=3145012

|ref= {{harvid|Palen|1974}}

|doi=10.2307/3145012 }}

  • {{cite book |editor=Ahmend Zekaria|title= Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Centenary of Addis Ababa 1986 |display-editors=etal |year=1987

}}

|chapter=La naissance du paysage urbain à Addis Abäba (Birth of the Urban Landscape in Addis Ababa)

|author=Alain Gascon |author-link=:fr:Alain Gascon

}}

  • {{cite book|author= Peter P. Garretson |title=A History of Addis Abäba from Its Foundation in 1886 to 1910 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-04060-0 |year= 2000

}}

;Published in 21st century

  • {{citation |title=City Development Plan 2001-2010 |location=Addis Ababa |author=City Government

}}

  • {{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History |editor1= Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor2= Dickson Eyoh |publisher=Routledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qjolgQhpFtoC |isbn=0415234794 |year=2003

|chapter= Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

}}

  • {{cite book|editor1=Kwame Anthony Appiah |editor2= Henry Louis Gates |title=Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517055-9 |edition=2nd |year= 2005

|chapter=Addis Ababa |page= 33

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TMZMAgAAQBAJ

}}

  • {{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of African History |publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-57958-245-6 |editor=K. Shillington |year= 2005

|chapter=Addis Ababa

|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC

|author=M. Rutten and T. Degefa

|ref= {{harvid|Rutten|2005}}

}}

  • {{cite book |isbn=1842775936 |title=Urban Africa: Changing Contours of Survival in the City |publisher=Zed Books |location=London |author= Bahru Zewde |chapter=The City Centre: a Shifting Concept in the History of Addis Ababa |editor1=Abdoumaliq Simone |editor2= Abdelghani Abouhani |year=2005

|ref= {{harvid|Zewde|2005}}

|author-link=Bahru Zewde }}

  • {{cite journal |title=Migration and Vulnerability among Adolescents in Slum Areas of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |journal=Journal of Youth Studies |volume= 9 |year= 2006 |author=Annabel Erulkar|display-authors=etal

}}

  • {{cite book |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme

|url= https://unhabitat.org/books/ethiopia-addis-ababa-urban-profile/

|title= Ethiopia: Addis Ababa Urban Profile |year= 2008

|ref= {{harvid|UN-HABITAT|2008}}

}}