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Timeline of Asmara

{{short description|Chronological aspect of Asmara, the capital of Eritrea}}

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Asmara, Eritrea. Asmara was under Italian colonial rule from 1889 until 1941.

{{Dynamic list}}

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Prior to 20th century

{{History of Eritrea}}

  • circa 1515 CE - Four villages merge to become "Asmera" (traditional date).{{sfn|Johnson|2005}}
  • 16th century - Asmara sacked by Muslim forces.{{sfn|Johnson|2005}}
  • 1889 - 3 August: Asmara occupied by Italian forces under command of Baldissera.{{sfn|Treccani|1929}}
  • 1895 - Governor's Palace built.{{sfn|Asmara Heritage Project|2016}}
  • 1900 - Capital of colonial Italian Eritrea moved to Asmara from Massawa.{{cite book|publisher=Europa Publications |title=Political Chronology of Africa |series=Political Chronologies of the World |year= 2001 |isbn=0203409957 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0O86sZdHfHUC |chapter=Eritrea }}

20th century

  • 1905 - Congresso Coloniale Italiano held in Asmara.{{cite journal |title=Il Congresso Coloniale all'Asmara |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=l__rAo2JUlcC&pg=PA476 |journal= Rivista geografica italiana e Bollettino della {{illm|Società di studi geografici|it}} e coloniali in Firenze |volume=12 |language=it |year=1905 }}
  • 1906 - Asmara Synagogue built.
  • 1911 - Ferrovia Massaua-Asmara begins operating; {{illm|Asmara Station|it|Stazione di Asmara}} opens.{{cite journal |title=Achèvement du chemin de fer de Massaoua à Asmara |journal={{illm|Annales de géographie|fr}} |volume=21 |url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/geo_0003-4010_1912_num_21_116_7206 |language=fr |via= Persee.fr |year= 1912}}
  • 1920
  • Teatro Asmara (theatre) opens.
  • Population: 14,711.{{cite book |title=Statesman's Year-Book |year=1921 |location=London |publisher= Macmillan and Co.|chapter= Italy: Colony of Eritrea |chapter-url= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1079 |via=HathiTrust |title-link=Statesman's Year-Book |hdl=2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1079 }}
  • 1922 - Airport begins operating.
  • 1923 - Church of Our Lady of the Rosary built.
  • 1930s - New Governor's Palace built (now City Hall).[https://dadfeatured.blogspot.com/2018/08/italian-asmara.html Asmara italiana]
  • 1935 - Population: 16,000 (12,000 Africans + 4,000 Italians).{{sfn|Podestà|2015}}
  • 1936 - Apartheid begins; city racially divided into nazionali (white) and indigeni (black) areas.{{sfn|Bereketeab|2003}}
  • 1937
  • Asmara-Massawa Cableway begins operating.
  • Albergo CIAAO (hotel) built for the Compagnia Immobiliare Alberghi Africa Orientale.{{sfn|Anderson|2016}}
  • Cinema Excelsior and Cinema Teatro Augustus open.{{cite web |url= http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/eritrea/asmara?status=all |title=Movie Theaters in Asmara, Eritrea |work=CinemaTreasures.org |publisher= Cinema Treasures LLC |location=Los Angeles |access-date=4 August 2017 }}
  • 1938
  • Great Mosque of Asmara, Cicero Stadium, and Fiat Tagliero Building{{citation |work=The Guardian |location=UK |year=2015 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/cities/series/history-cities-50-buildings |title= A History of Cities in 50 Buildings }} constructed.
  • Cinema Impero opens.
  • 1939
  • Asmara Brewery in business.
  • Population: 84,000 (36,000 Africans + 48,000 Italians).{{sfn|Podestà|2015}}
  • 1941
  • March. British occupy city.{{sfn|Johnson|2005}}
  • Asmara Brewery FC (football club) formed.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
  • 1945 - Red Sea FC (football club) formed.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
  • 1951 - British occupation ends.{{sfn|Bereketeab|2003}}
  • 1952 - City becomes part of Ethiopia per United Nations decision.
  • 1953 - United States military signals intelligence Kagnew Station in operation.
  • 1957 - {{illm|Scuola materna italiana di Asmara|it}} (school) active.
  • 1958
  • Catholic College of the Santa Famiglia founded.
  • Denden Stadium opens.
  • 1959 - Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Asmara active.{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Eritrea |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/eritrea |publisher=Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo |location=Norway |access-date= 5 August 2017 }}
  • 1962 - Population: 120,000.{{citation |title= Statesman's Yearbook |year=1963 |location=London |publisher=Macmillan & Co. |chapter=Ethiopia }}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=6NbMDQAAQBAJ via Google Books]
  • 1964 - Population: 131,800.{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1965 |year=1966 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=140–161 }}
  • 1968
  • January: Part of 1968 African Cup of Nations football contest held in Asmara.
  • University of Asmara active.{{sfn|Bereketeab|2003}}
  • 1969 - Kidane Mehret Cathedral built.
  • 1974
  • Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police, and Territorial Army (Derg) in power.{{sfn|Bereketeab|2003}}
  • 28 December: Massacre occurs during the Eritrean War of Independence.
  • 1975
  • February: Fighting, Massacre occurs.{{citation |work=New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1975/02/20/archives/new-gun-battles-rage-in-asmara-casualties-believed-high-in-night-of.html |title= New gun battles rage in Asmara |date= 20 February 1975 }}
  • July: Fighting occurs.{{citation |work=New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1975/07/31/archives/ethiopia-is-said-to-seal-off-eritrea-city-after-fighting.html |date=31 July 1975 |title= Ethiopia Is Said to Seal Off Eritrea City After Fighting }}
  • 1985 - Population: 284,748 (estimate).{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm |title=1985 Demographic Yearbook |year=1987 |author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=247–289 }}
  • 1990
  • Siege of city begins.{{citation |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/16/world/eritreans-fresh-from-victory-must-now-govern.html |title=Eritreans, Fresh From Victory, Must Now Govern |date= 16 June 1991 }}
  • Population: 358,100 (estimate).{{cite web |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2009-2010/Table08.pdf |work= Demographic Yearbook 2010 |publisher= United Nations Statistics Division |title= Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120710195658/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2009-2010/Table08.pdf |archive-date= 2012-07-10 }}
  • 1991
  • 24 May: Eritrean People's Liberation Front take city; Derg rule ends.
  • {{illm|Haddas Ertra|no}} newspaper begins publication.
  • 1993
  • 24 May: Asmara becomes capital of independent Eritrea.{{citation |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/25/world/eritrea-marks-independence-after-years-under-ethiopia.html |title=Eritrea Marks Independence After Years Under Ethiopia |date= 25 May 1993 }}
  • Eri-TV begins broadcasting.{{cite book |title=Africa South of the Sahara 2004 |series=Regional Surveys of the World |publisher= Europa Publications |year=2004 |isbn= 1857431839 |chapter= Eritrea: Directory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jj4J-AXGDaQC }}
  • 1998 - 5 June: Airport bombed by Ethiopian forces during the Eritrean–Ethiopian War.

21st century

  • 2002 - Semere Russom becomes mayor of Asmara and administrator of the Central Region.
  • 2013 - 21 January: 2013 Eritrean Army mutiny occurs at Eri-TV building.{{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13349395 |title= Eritrea Profile: Timeline |publisher=BBC News |access-date= 4 August 2017 }}
  • 2017 - Italian city centre designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.{{citation |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eritrea-italy-widerimage-idUSKCN0WB1PS |title= Africa's 'Little Rome' survives conflict, seeks U.N. accolade |date=9 March 2016 }}
  • 2018 - Population: 501,203 (estimate).{{citation |chapter=Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants |chapter-url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2018/ |title=Demographic Yearbook – 2018 |publisher=United Nations }}
  • 2020 - Rocket attacks.

See also

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

:This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia and Spanish Wikipedia.

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}

  • {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Asmara |volume= 2 |page = 763 |date=1910 |ref= {{harvid|Britannica|1910}} |short= 1}}
  • {{citation |title= Enciclopedia Italiana (Treccani) |language=it

|year= 1929

|chapter-url= http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/asmara_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/

|chapter= Asmara

| ref = {{harvid|Treccani|1929}}

|title-link=Enciclopedia Italiana

}}

  • {{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History |editor1= Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor2= Dickson Eyoh |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415234794 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qjolgQhpFtoC |year=2003

|chapter= Asmara, Eritrea

|author= Redie Bereketeab

| ref = {{harvid|Bereketeab|2003}}

}}

  • {{cite thesis |author1=Karin Caesar |author2= Katarina Rosengren |title=Analysis of the Situation for Cyclists in Asmara |type=MA |publisher=Lund University |location=Sweden |url=http://www.tft.lth.se/fileadmin/tft/dok/publ/5000/thesis114scrPart1.pdf |year=2003

}} {{free access}}

  • {{cite book|editor1=Kwame Anthony Appiah |editor2= Henry Louis Gates |title=Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517055-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TMZMAgAAQBAJ |edition=2nd |year= 2005

|chapter=Asmara, Eritrea |page= 278+

|author=David P. Johnson, Jr.

| ref = {{harvid|Johnson|2005}}

}}

  • {{cite journal |author= Marie Bridonneau |title= Kushet, un village périurbain de l'agglomération d'Asmara: politique d'aménagement et recomposition spatiale |journal= {{illm|Chroniques yéménites|fr}} |volume=13 |doi= 10.4000/cy.1384 |language=fr |via= Revues.org |year= 2006

|issue= 13 |doi-access= free }} {{open access}}

  • {{cite book |author=Edward Denison |display-authors=etal |title=Asmara: Africa's Secret Modernist City |publisher= Merrell |isbn=9781858943824 |orig-year=2003 |year= 2007

}}

  • {{cite book |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme

|url= https://unhabitat.org/books/eritrea-national-and-cities-urban-profile/ |title= Eritrea: National and Cities Urban Profile: Asmara, Massawa & Mendefera |year= 2008

}} {{free access}}

  • {{cite book|author= Belula Tecle-Misghina |title=Asmara, an urban history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ebqZBgAAQBAJ|publisher=Edizioni Nuova Cultura |location=Rome |isbn=978-88-6812-354-3 |year= 2014

}}

  • {{cite journal |author= Gian Luca Podestà |title= Asmara and Dek'emhare: Cities of Work, Cities of Leisure |journal=Diacronie |number=21 |doi= 10.4000/diacronie.1919 |via= Revues.org |year= 2015

| ref = {{harvid|Podestà|2015}}

|doi-access= free }} ISSN 2038-0925. {{open access}}

  • {{cite book|author=Sean Anderson|title=Modern Architecture and Its Representation in Colonial Eritrea: An In-visible Colony, 1890-1941|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=olWrCwAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-09478-4 |year=2016

|chapter= Asmara |pages=69–146

| ref = {{harvid|Anderson|2016}}

}}

  • {{citation |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1550/documents/ |title=Asmara: Africa's Modernist City |quote=Nomination Dossier for UNESCO World Heritage Listing |publisher= Central Region Administration |location=Eritrea |author=Asmara Heritage Project |year= 2016

}}

{{refend}}

External links

{{Commons category|History of Asmara}}

  • {{cite web |url= http://doaj.org/search?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22Asmara%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.title%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%7D%7D%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22bibjson.year.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22bibjson.month.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A100%7D |title= (Asmara) |work=Directory of Open Access Journals |location=UK }} (Bibliography of open access {{open access}} articles)
  • {{cite web |url= http://www.africabib.org/query_a.php?ti=Asmara |title=(Asmara) |work= AfricaBib.org }} (Bibliography)
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.blackpast.org/gah/asmara-eritrea-ca-d-1000 |title= Asmara, Eritrea |work= BlackPast.org |location=US }}
  • {{cite web |url= http://www.connecting-africa.net/query_2.php?F9=0&S0=Asmara&F0=0 |title=(Asmara) |work=Connecting-Africa |publisher=African Studies Centre |location=Leiden, Netherlands }} (Bibliography)
  • {{cite web |url= http://dp.la/search?page_size=100&q=Asmara&utf8=✓ |title= (Asmara) |via= Digital Public Library of America }} (Images, etc.)
  • {{cite web |url= https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=Asmara&rows=96 |title= (Asmara) |via= Europeana }} (Images, etc.)

{{Asmara}}

{{Years in Eritrea}}

{{Timelines of cities in Africa}}

Asmara

Category:Years in Eritrea

Category:Eritrea history-related lists

Asmara