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Timeline of Basel

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Basel (or Basle, in the once-preferred English spelling).

Established in the 4th century, the city rose to importance in the medieval period as a bishop's seat. In the 15th century it became an important center of Renaissance humanism and, in the 16th century, of the Protestant Reformation.

Basel joined the Swiss Confederacy in 1501. In the 19th century, Basel was a center of Industrialisation, and it remains one of the major cities of contemporary Switzerland.

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Early history

{{History of Switzerland}}

  • 150 BC – Settlement of the Gaulish Rauraci on the northwestern outskirts of the present city
  • 58 BC
  • Rauraci together with Helvetii try to emigrate to Gaul, but are defeated at the Battle of Bibracte by Julius Caesar and sent back to their homeland
  • Returning Rauraci build a fortified settlement, called oppidum (located in today's Basel Cathedral hill)
  • c. 44 BC – Augusta Raurica is founded by the Romans some 5 km from the site of the future city.
  • c. 15 BC – Successful colonization of the area supported by the Augustus's conquest of the central Alps
  • 2nd C. AD
  • Augusta Raurica becomes a prosperous commercial trading centre and the capital of a local Roman province
  • Population reaches approximately twenty thousand people
  • 250 AD – Powerful earthquake damages a large part of the city
  • ca.260 AD – Alemanni tribes and/or marauding Roman troops destroy Augusta Raurica
  • ca.300 AD, following the loss of the Limes Germanicus and the right bank of the Rhine River, the Roman army builds a castra (fort) named Castrum Rauracense near the old site of Augusta Raurica. It was intended to serve as the headquarters of the legio I Martia and to protect a ford over the Rhine.
  • 4th century AD
  • The fort grows in importance because it commands a bridge that lies along the road from Gaul to the Danube River.
  • Emperors Constantius II and Julian assemble their armies at the Castrum Rauracense before marching to battle against the Alemanni.{{HDS|1797|Kaiseraugst in Roman Times}}
  • A church is built near Castrum Rauracense. The fort and neighboring church become the seat of a bishop, with the bishop first being mentioned in 346.
  • 374 AD – The town named Basilea or Basilia (from Greek Basileia, Βασιλεια "kingship") is documentedThe Encyclopedia Americana, Grolier Incorporated 1999, p. 308 {{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • ca.400 AD – Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, the Roman troops withdraw from Castrum Rauracense and Basilea, the Germanic Alemanni settled in
  • 7th century AD – The bishop moves to Basel and the settlement at Castrum Rauracense declines in importance

Middle Ages

  • 740 – Catholic diocese of Basel active (approximate date).{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Switzerland |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/switzerland |publisher=Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo |location=Norway |access-date= 30 September 2015 }}
  • 752 – A village called Augusta was first mentioned
  • 894 – East Francian King Arnulf grants the church in Kaiseraugst (Castrum Rauracense) to his vassal, Anno; the church was then granted to the Abbey of St Gall and then later to the Basel Münster
  • 917 – The Magyars destroyed Basel,{{sfn|Overall|1870}} and later burnt down the monasteries of St Gallen and Rheinau{{Cite web|url=http://www.swissworld.org/en/history/alamans_to_the_holy_roman_empire/foreign_invasions/|title = Discover Switzerland}}
  • 999 – Rudolph III of Burgundy donates the Moutier-Grandval Abbey and all its possessions to Adalbero II of Metz,Wood, 285–286, 313 establishing the Prince-Bishopric of Basel as a secular territory
  • 1019 – Basel Minster construction begins. {{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1032 – Town becomes seat of Prince-Bishopric of Basel, Holy Roman Empire.
  • 1080 – City wall built (approximate date).
  • 1213 – First mention of Jews in Basel.{{Cite book|last=Wild, Matt|first=Dölf, Christophe Phillip|title=Zeugnisse jüdischen Lebens aus den mittelalterlichen Städten Zürich und Basel», in: Kunst und Architektur in der Schweiz. Synagogen 56:2|year=2005|pages=14–20}}
  • 1226
  • Bridge over the Rhine constructed.
  • Furriers guild established.{{Cite web|url=http://www.kuerschner-basel.ch/geschichtliches.html|title=Geschichtliches|website=www.kuerschner-basel.ch|access-date=2019-04-16}}
  • 1230 – Inner wall built (approximate date).
  • 1349
  • Black Death plague.
  • Basel massacre; murder of the Jews of Basel.
  • 1356 – The Basel earthquake shook the city with a maximum MSK intensity, causing 300 deaths in the city and about 1,000 overall. {{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1380 – Public clock installed (approximate date).{{cite book|author=Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum |title=History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders |year= 1996|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-15510-4 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9Za4jdBEVB4C&pg=PA392 }}
  • 1398 – Outer wall built.
  • 1412 – Guesthouse "Zum Goldenen Sternen" in business (approximate date).
  • 1431 – Council of Basel formed.
  • 1444 – Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs.
  • 1460 – University of Basel established.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}} {{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1466 – {{Interlanguage link multi|Gesellschaft der Feuerschützen (Basel)|de}} (militia) formed.
  • 1468 – Berthold Ruppel sets up printing press (approximate date).{{cite book |title= Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum |author= Robert Proctor |location=London |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company |year= 1898 |chapter=Books Printed From Types: Switzerland: Basel |hdl= 2027/uc1.c3450632?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 |chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c3450632?urlappend=%3Bseq=9 |via=HathiTrust |author-link= Robert Proctor (bibliographer) }}
  • 1471 – University Library in operation (approximate date).
  • 1488 – Johannes Petri sets up printing press.
  • 1491 – Johann Froben establishes printing house (approximate date).
  • 1495 – Basel becomes part of Upper Rhenish Imperial Circle.
  • 1499 – City hosts Treaty of Basel.
  • 1500 – Basel Münster rebuilt.{{cite book |title=Switzerland |publisher = Karl Baedeker |location = Coblenz |year=1863 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FWzgCYtW0_gC&pg=PA1 |chapter=Bâle }}

Old Swiss Confederacy

Modern history

  • 1805 – Israelitische Gemeinde Basel (IGB) founded.
  • 1815 – Evangelical Missionary Society of Basel formed.
  • 1821 – Natural History Museum founded.
  • 1833 – Canton of Basel divided.
  • 1834 – Basler Stadttheater founded.
  • 1839 – {{Interlanguage link multi|Basler Kunstverein|de}} founded.
  • 1840 – Income tax collection begins in the canton.{{cite book|author=Patrick Robertson|title= Robertson's Book of Firsts |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2TEEaCrPiWsC|year= 2011|publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-1-60819-738-5}}
  • 1850 – Population: 27,844 in city; 29,698 in canton.
  • 1864 – Elisabethenkirche built.
  • 1867 – Allgemeine Musikschule founded.
  • 1870 – Population: 44,848 in city; 47,040 in canton.{{citation |url= http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/regionen/22/publ.html?publicationID=743 |title=Evolution de la population des communes 1850–2000 |language=fr |publisher=Swiss Confederation, Federal Statistical Office |format=xls |year=2005 }}
  • 1872
  • Jews granted full citizenship in Basel.{{Cite book|last=Haumann, Erlanger, Kury, Meyer, Wichers|title=Juden in Basel und Umgebung Zur Geschichte einer Minderheit. Darstellung und Quellen für den Gebrauch an Schulen.|publisher=Schwabe Verlagsgruppe AG Schwabe Verlag.}}
  • Kunsthalle Basel inaugurated.
  • 1874 – Zoo Basel opens.{{cite book|editor=Vernon N. Kisling|title=Zoo and Aquarium History|year= 2000|publisher=CRC Press |location=USA |isbn=978-1-4200-3924-5 |chapter=Zoological Gardens of Switzerland (chronological list) |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dxTrR5nOE0UC&pg=PA373 }}
  • 1882 – St. Gotthard railway begins operating.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1893 – FC Basel founded.
  • 1894 – Basel Historical Museum opens.
  • 1897 – City hosts the first Zionist congress.
  • 1900 – Population: 109,161 in city; 112,227 in canton.
  • 1907 – Basel SBB railway station built.
  • 1912 – City hosts Second International meeting.
  • 1913 – Basel Badischer Bahnhof built (approximate date).
  • 1917
  • Schweizer Mustermesse Basel begins.
  • Ethnographic Museum formed.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}
  • 1923 – Silo Tower built.
  • 1925 – Pharmazie-Historisches Museum der Universität Basel founded.
  • 1926 – Basel Chamber Orchestra founded.{{cite book|editor= Colin Lawson|editor-link= Colin Lawson|title= Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra|year= 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-00132-8 |chapter= Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list) |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1DW1WyiooSMC&pg=PA277 }}
  • 1927 – Boys' Choir of the Protestant Church of Basel-City formed.
  • 1933
  • Schola Cantorum Basiliensis founded.
  • Gate of Spalen restored.
  • 1945 – 4 March: Bombing by Allied forces.{{cite book|author=Leo Schelbert|title=Historical Dictionary of Switzerland|year= 2014 |edition =2nd |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-3352-2 |chapter=Chronology |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=XRevAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR21 }}

After 1945

See also

References

{{more citations needed|date=June 2017}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}

;in English

  • {{Citation

|publisher =S. Birt |location = London |author = Thomas Nugent |title = The Grand Tour

|date = 1749

|chapter=Basil |chapter-url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015030762572?urlappend=%3Bseq=343 |volume=2: Germany and Holland

|hdl = 2027/mdp.39015030762572?urlappend=%3Bseq=343 |author-link = Thomas Nugent (travel writer) }}

  • {{Citation |publisher = Routledge, Warne, & Routledge |location = London |author = Theodore Alois Buckley |title = Great Cities of the Middle Ages |edition=2nd |date = 1862 |chapter= Basle |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/greatcitiesofmid00buck#page/34/mode/2up

|author-link = Theodore Alois Buckley }}

  • {{cite book

|editor= William Henry Overall

|editor-link= William Henry Overall

|title= Dictionary of Chronology

|year=1870

|publisher=William Tegg |location=London |chapter= Basel |hdl= 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=74

|chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=74

| ref = {{harvid|Overall|1870}}

}}

  • {{Citation

|publisher = Harper & Brothers |location = New York |author = W. Pembroke Fetridge |author-link=William Pembroke Fetridge |chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=bdYEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1069 |chapter=Switzerland: Basle |title = Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East

|date = 1878

}}

  • {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Basel (city) |volume= 3 |last= Coolidge |first= William Augustus Brevoort |author-link= William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge | pages = 462–463 |date=1910 |ref= {{harvid|Britannica|1910}} |short= 1}}
  • {{Citation

|publisher = Ward, Lock & Co. |location = London |title = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |author = Benjamin Vincent |edition = 25th

|date = 1910

|chapter=Basel |chapter-url = http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776?urlappend=%3Bseq=151 |via=HathiTrust

| ref = {{harvid|Haydn|1910}}

|title-link = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |hdl = 2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776?urlappend=%3Bseq=151 }}

  • {{cite book

|year=1912

|edition=2nd |title=Switzerland |series= Grieben's Guide Books |location=Berlin |publisher=Albert Goldschmidt |chapter= Bâle |hdl=2027/uc1.$b264107?urlappend=%3Bseq=17 |chapter-url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b264107?urlappend=%3Bseq=17

}}

  • {{Citation

|publisher = Karl Baedeker |location = Leipzig |title = Switzerland |chapter-url = https://archive.org/stream/switzerlandtoget00karl#page/n41/mode/2up |chapter=Bâle |edition=26th

|date = 1922

|oclc = 4248970

}}

  • {{cite book|author=Robert E. Dickinson |title=The West European City |year= 1961 |edition=2nd |publisher= Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-25970-8 |chapter=Basel |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=OXH6AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA63 }}
  • {{cite book |title=Geneva, Zurich, Basel: History, Culture, and National Identity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUUABAAAQBAJ|year=1994|publisher= Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-6369-3 |chapter= Basel |author= Lionel Gossman |page=63+ |author-link = Lionel Gossman}}
  • {{cite book

|editor=Trudy Ring|title=Northern Europe |series= International Dictionary of Historic Places

|year=1995

|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |isbn=978-1-136-63944-9 |chapter= Basel |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yfPYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA75

}}

  • {{cite book|last=Wood|first=Susan|title=The Proprietary Church in the Medieval West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UuqnVeycpNsC&pg=PA314|year=2006|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-820697-2|page=314}}

;in German

  • {{cite book

|title= Topographia Helvetiae, Rhaetiae et Valesiae |series=Topographia Germaniae |location=Frankfurt |chapter=Basel |year=1960 |hdl=2027/mdp.39015066342117?urlappend=%3Bseq=116 |chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015066342117?urlappend=%3Bseq=116 |language=de

}}. 1642–1654 (1960 reprint)

  • {{cite book

|editor1= Wolfgang Adam |editor2=Siegrid Westphal

|title= Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=spvoBQAAQBAJ

|year= 2012

|publisher=De Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-029555-9 |language=de

|chapter= Basel

| ref = {{harvid|Adam|2012}}

}}

{{refend}}

External links

{{commons category|History of Basel}}

{{Coord|47.566667|7.6|type:city_region:CH|display=title}}

{{Cities in Switzerland}}

{{Years in Switzerland}}

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Category:Years in Switzerland

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