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Timeline of Mombasa

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Mombasa, Coast Province, Kenya.

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14th-18th centuries

Image:Braun Mombasa UBHD.jpg

{{History of Kenya}}

  • 1331 - Ibn Battuta, a Moroccan traveler, visits Mombasa.Ibn Battuta, "The Journeys of Ibn Battuta
  • 1498 - 8 April: Vasco da Gama anchors in port.{{sfn|Montgomery|1996}}{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1505 - Town sacked by Portuguese forces of Francisco de Almeida.{{sfn|Montgomery|1996}}
  • 1507 - Mandhry Mosque built.
  • 1528 - Town sacked by Portuguese forces of Nuno da Cunha.{{sfn|Montgomery|1996}}{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1529 - Portuguese in power.{{Citation |publisher = G. & C. Merriam Co. |location = US |title = Webster's Geographical Dictionary |date = 1960 |ol=5812502M }}
  • 1588 - Town captured by Amir Ali Bey.{{sfn|Montgomery|1996}}
  • 1593 - Town under rule of Malindi.{{sfn|Swartz|1979}}
  • 1594 - Fort Jesus built by Portuguese.{{sfn|Horsey|1897}}{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1597 - Augustinian mission initiated.{{sfn|Bosworth|2007}}
  • 1631 - Portuguese "expelled."{{sfn|Morse|1823}}{{sfn|Freeman-Grenville|1980}} The sultan of Mombasa, christened Dom Jerónimo Chingulia, assassinated the Portuguese governor, reclaimed his Muslim name of Yusuf ibn al-Hasan, and ordered all Christians in the city to convert to Islam.{{cite book|last=Freeman-Granville|first=GSP|title=New Encyclopedia of Africa|isbn=978-0-684-31455-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000unse_h4u5/page/378 378–79]|year=2008|publisher=Gale|url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000unse_h4u5/page/378}}
  • 1632 - Town besieged by Portuguese forces.{{sfn|Bosworth|2007}}
  • 1635 - Fort Jesus repaired by Francisco de Seixas e Cabreira.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1661 - Town sacked by Omani forces.{{sfn|Sassoon|1982}}
  • 1696 - Siege of Fort Jesus by Omani forces.{{sfn|Sassoon|1982}}
  • 1698 - Sultanate of Oman in power.{{sfn|Bosworth|2007}}
  • 1728/9 - A Portuguese force from Goa again held Mombasa, but were driven out by the Muscat Arabs.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1734 - Mazrui in power.{{sfn|Bosworth|2007}}

19th century

  • 1837 - Said bin Sultan, Sultan of Muscat and Oman in power.{{sfn|Bosworth|2007}}
  • 1875 - A revolt against Zanzibar was put down with British assistance.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1885 - Hinduism in Africa Formation of the Hindu Union, and creation of Lord Shiva Temple (Shivaalay) in Central Mombasa.
  • 1887 - Mombasa "leased to the British East Africa Company;"{{sfn|Bosworth|2007}} town becomes capital of British East Africa Protectorate.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1895 - Government Press established.{{cite web |url=http://www.provincialadministration.go.ke/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=20:government-press-&catid=10:department&Itemid=23 |title= Government Press |location=Nairobi |publisher= Ministry of State for Provincial Administration and Internal Security |access-date=8 May 2013}}
  • 1896
  • Kilindini Harbour inaugurated.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • National Bank of India branch{{cite journal |title=Evolution, Structure and Performance of Kenya's Financial System |author=Andrew K. Mullei and Joshua M. Ng'elu |journal= Savings and Development |volume= 14 |issue=3 |pages=265–284 |year=1990 |jstor=25830234 }}{{cite book |title=Economic History of Kenya |editor=William Robert Ochieng and Robert M. Maxon |publisher=East African Publishers |year= 1992 |isbn=996646963X |author=Robert M. Maxon |chapter= Colonial Financial System |page=249+ |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4WAwtUYnNPwC }} and Mombasa Club established.{{sfn|Frankl|2001}}
  • 1897 - Population on island: 15,000-20,000 (estimate).{{sfn|Horsey|1897}}
  • 1899 - Post office built.{{sfn|Hoyle|2001}}

20th century

  • 1901
  • Uganda Railway (Kisumu-Mombasa) begins operating.
  • African Standard newspaper begins publication.{{cite book |title=Economic History of Kenya |editor=William Robert Ochieng and Robert M. Maxon |publisher=East African Publishers |year= 1992 |isbn=996646963X |author=R.T. Ogonda |chapter=Transport and Communications in the Colonial Economy |page=129+ |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4WAwtUYnNPwC }}
  • Jevanjee mosque built.{{sfn|Hoyle|2001}}
  • 1902 - Court of Kenya established.{{Citation |publisher = Indiana University Press |isbn = 9780253351210 |title = India in Africa, Africa in India |editor = John C. Hawley |date = 2008 |author=Savita Nair |chapter=Shops and Stations: Rethinking Power and Privilege in British/Indian East Africa }}
  • 1903 - Seif Bin Salim public library founded.{{Citation |publisher = CRC Press |location = Boca Raton, Florida |editor = Marcia J. Bates |title = Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences |date = 2010 |isbn=9780849397127 |chapter=Kenya: Libraries, Museums and Archives |author=Irene Muthoni Kibandi |display-authors=etal}}
  • 1904 - Africa Hotel in business.{{sfn|Hoyle|2001}}
  • 1905
  • Mombasa Cathedral opens.{{sfn|Frankl|2008}}
  • Court of Kenya relocated from Mombasa to Nairobi.
  • 1907 - Slavery abolished.{{sfn|Strobel|1975}}
  • 1910 - Population: about 30,000.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1920 - Town becomes part of British Protectorate of Kenya.
  • 1927 - Kenya Daily Mail newspaper begins publication.{{cite web |url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su%3AMombasa+%28Kenya%29+Newspapers.&qt=hot_subject |title= Mombasa (Kenya) Newspapers |location=US |work=WorldCat |publisher=Online Computer Library Center |access-date=8 May 2013}}
  • 1929 - Makupa Causeway built.
  • 1931 - Nyali Bridge built.
  • 1937 - Likoni Ferry begins operating.
  • 1944 - Aga Khan Hospital, Mombasa established.
  • 1951 - Mombasa Institute of Muslim Education opens.{{cite web |url=http://www.tum.ac.ke/about/history |title=History |publisher=Technical University of Mombasa |access-date=8 May 2013}}
  • 1955 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Mombasa and Zanzibar established.
  • 1958 - Oceanic Hotel built.
  • 1962 - Population: 179,575 urban agglomeration.{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1965 |year=1966 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants }}
  • 1962 - 1963 David Kayanda becomes the first African Mayor of Mombasa.
  • Msanifu Kombo becomes mayor.{{sfn|Stren|1970}}
  • Town becomes part of Republic of Kenya.
  • 1973
  • 27 April: MV Globe Star ship runs aground near Mombasa.
  • Population: 301,000 urban agglomeration.{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1975 |year=1976 |author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=253–279 }}
  • 1979 - Moi International Airport expanded.
  • 1980 - New Nyali Bridge built.
  • 1981
  • Mombasa Records Centre of the Kenya National Archives established.
  • Sister city relationship established with Seattle, US.{{cite web |publisher=City of Seattle |access-date=30 December 2015 |title=Seattle's 21 Sister Cities |url=http://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/seattles-21-sister-cities |location=US}}
  • 1984 - New Burhani Mosque built.{{cite web |publisher=ArchNet |url= http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1938 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923133841/http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1938 |archive-date= 23 September 2011 |title=Kenya: Mombasa }}
  • 1985 - Mombasa Marathon begins.
  • 1986 - Marine Park established.
  • 1990 - Population: 476,000 (urban agglomeration).
  • 1998 - Najib Balala becomes mayor.
  • 1999
  • Mombasa Republican Council formed.
  • Coast Gymkhana Club Ground in use.
  • 2000 - Population: 687,000 (urban agglomeration).

21st century

  • 2002 - 28 November: 2002 Mombasa attacks.
  • 2003 - Aga Khan Academy, Mombasa established in Kilindini.
  • 2005 - Population: 830,000 (urban agglomeration).{{cite web |url=http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=9141&catid=7&typeid=46 |title=The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets |year=2010 |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617161951/http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=9141&catid=7&typeid=46 |archive-date=17 June 2013 |df=dmy-all }}
  • 2007 - Mombasa Polytechnic University College established.
  • 2009
  • Ahmed Mohdhar elected mayor.{{cite web |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/News/politics/Mayor-faces-tough-battle-in-poll-/-/1064/1179452/-/kxjn83z/-/index.html |title=Mayor faces tough battle in poll |date=12 June 2011 |work=Daily Nation }}
  • Population: 523,183.{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2011.htm |work=Demographic Yearbook 2011 |year=2012 |publisher=United Nations Statistics Division |title=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants }}
  • 2010 - Population: 905,627 (estimate).{{citation |chapter=Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants |chapter-url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2018/ |title=Demographic Yearbook – 2018 |publisher=United Nations }}
  • 2012
  • 15 May: Grenade attack in Bella Vista nightclub.
  • 27 August: Cleric Aboud Rogo killed; unrest ensues.{{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13682176 |title=Kenya Profile: Timeline |work=BBC News |access-date=30 September 2014 }}{{cite web |date= 6 September 2012 |title= Kenya: Murder of Muslim Cleric in Mombasa Sparks Riots |publisher=Global Voices }}
  • 2013
  • October: Cleric Sheikh Ibrahim killed; unrest ensues.
  • Mombasa polytechnic university college was promoted to a fully developed university now known as Technical University of Mombasa.
  • 2017 - Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway begins operating.

See also

References

{{reflist|30em}}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}

;Published in 19th century

  • {{Citation |publisher = S. Converse |location = New Haven |author1 = Jedidiah Morse |author-link1=Jedidiah Morse |author2=Richard C. Morse |title = A New Universal Gazetteer |date = 1823 |edition= 4th |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaze00morsrich#page/480/mode/2up |chapter= Mombaca

|ref= {{harvid|Morse|1823}}

}}

  • {{Citation |location = London |publisher = Great Britain. Admiralty |chapter=(Mombasa) |chapter-url = https://archive.org/stream/africapilot03greaiala#page/488/mode/2up |title = Africa Pilot |edition = 6th |author=Algernon F.R. de Horsey |date = 1897

|ref= {{harvid|Horsey|1897}}

}}

;Published in 20th century

  • {{cite book |title=Meyers Grosses Konversations-Lexikon |year=1906 |chapter=Mombassa |language=de

|title-link=Meyers Konversations-Lexikon |publisher=Leipzig |hdl=2027/njp.32101064063199 }}

  • {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Mombasa |volume= 18 | pages = 682–683 |date=1910 |ref= {{harvid|Britannica|1910}} |short= 1}}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Smith, Elder & Co. |location = London |title = Uganda for a holiday |author =Frederick Treves |author-link=Sir Frederick Treves, 1st Baronet |date = 1910 |oclc = 33285047 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/ugandaforaholid00trevgoog#page/n58/mode/2up |chapter=Mombasa

}}

  • {{cite book |chapter=Mombasa |title=The Red Book 1922-23: Handbook and Directory for Kenya Colony and Protectorate, Uganda Protectorate, Tanganyika Territory, and Zanzibar Sultanate |year=1922 |publisher=East Africa Standard Ltd. |location=Nairobi

|hdl = 2027/inu.30000125593750}}

  • {{Citation |publisher = Macmillan |location = London |title = The British in Mombasa, 1824-1826 |author = John Milner Gray |date = 1957 |oclc = 2629449 }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Hollis & Carter |location = London |title = Fort Jesus and the Portuguese in Mombasa, 1593-1729 |author = C.R. Boxer |author-link=C. R. Boxer |date = 1960 |oclc = 939150 }}
  • {{cite journal |title=Mombasa in the Land and Sea Exchanges of East Africa |author= Irene S. van Dongen |journal=Erdkunde |volume= 17 |year= 1963 |doi=10.3112/erdkunde.1963.01.02

}} {{free access}}

  • {{cite journal |title=The Swahili Community of Mombasa, 1500-1900 |author= F.J. Berg |journal= Journal of African History |volume= 9 |year=1968

|pages= 35–56 |doi= 10.1017/S0021853700008343 |s2cid= 162622809 }}

  • {{Citation |publisher = Northwestern University Press |location = Evanston, Illinois |author = Harm J. De Blij |author-link=Harm de Blij |title = Mombasa: an African city |date = 1968

}}

  • {{cite journal |title=Factional Politics and Central Control in Mombasa, 1960-1969 |author= Richard Stren |journal= Canadian Journal of African Studies |volume= 4 |issue= 1 |pages= 33–56 |year= 1970 |doi= 10.2307/483741 |jstor=483741

|ref= {{harvid|Stren|1970}}

}}

  • {{cite book |author=Hyder Kindy |title=Life and Politics in Mombasa |year=1972

}}

  • {{Citation |publisher = Collings |isbn = 0901720852 |location = London |title = The East African Coast: Select Documents |edition=2nd |editor = G.S.P. Freeman-Grenville |date = 1975 |chapter=History of Mombasa

}}

  • {{cite journal |title=Women's Wedding Celebrations in Mombasa, Kenya |author = Margaret Strobel |journal= African Studies Review |volume=18 |issue = 3 |pages = 35–45 |year= 1975 |jstor=523720

|ref= {{harvid|Strobel|1975}}

|doi = 10.2307/523720 |s2cid = 143826887 }}

  • {{Citation |publisher = East African Pub. House |location = Nairobi |author = John H. A. Jewell |title = Mombasa, the friendly town |date = 1976

}}

  • {{cite journal |title=Religious Courts, Community, and Ethnicity among the Swahili of Mombasa: An Historical Study of Social Boundaries |author= Marc J. Swartz |journal= Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=49 |issue= 1 |pages= 29–41 |year=1979 |jstor=1159503

|ref= {{harvid|Swartz|1979}}

|doi= 10.2307/1159503 }}

  • {{Citation |publisher = Published for the British Academy by the Oxford University Press |isbn = 0197259928 |location = London |title = The Mombasa rising against the Portuguese, 1631 |editor=G.S.P. Freeman-Grenville |date = 1980

|ref= {{harvid|Freeman-Grenville|1980}}

}}

  • {{cite book |title=Report on Pilot Study for Conservation and Revitalization of Old Town Mombasa |location=Nairobi |year=1981 |editor=Kurula Varkey and Klaus Roesch

}}

  • {{cite journal |title=Sinking of the Santo Antonio de Tanna in Mombasa Harbour |author=Mano Sassoon |journal= Paideuma |volume= 28 |year=1982 |pages=101–108 |jstor=41409877

|ref= {{harvid|Sassoon|1982}}

}}

  • {{cite journal |title=The Muzungulos of Mombasa |author= James Kirkman |journal=International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume= 16 |year=1983

}}

  • {{cite book|author=J. Maitland-Jones|year= 1985 |title= Old Town Mombasa: A Historical Guide |publisher= Friends of Fort Jesus |location=Mombasa |display-authors=etal

}}

  • {{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 9781884964039 |title = Middle East and Africa |series=International Dictionary of Historic Places |editor = Trudy Ring |date = 1996 |chapter=Mombasa |author=Sue Montgomery |pages=512–516

|ref= {{harvid|Montgomery|1996}}

}}

;Published in 21st century

  • {{cite journal |title=Urban renewal in East African port cities: Mombasa's Old Town waterfront |author= Brian Hoyle |journal= GeoJournal |volume= 53 |issue= 2 |pages= 183–197 |year=2001 |jstor=41147599

|ref= {{harvid|Hoyle|2001}}

|doi= 10.1023/A:1015704101663 |s2cid= 151198638 }}

  • {{cite journal |title=The Early Years of the Mombasa Club: A Home Away from Home for European-Christians |author= P.J.L. Frankl |journal= History in Africa |volume= 28 |pages= 71–81 |year=2001

|ref= {{harvid|Frankl|2001}}

|doi= 10.2307/3172208 |jstor= 3172208 |s2cid= 162050187 }}

  • {{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History |editor1= Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor2= Dickson Eyoh |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415234794 |year=2003

|chapter= Mombasa, Kenya

}}

  • {{cite book |title=Historic Cities of the Islamic World |editor=C. Edmund Bosworth |year=2007 |publisher=Koninklijke Brill |location=Leiden |chapter=Mombasa |isbn=978-9004153882

|ref= {{harvid|Bosworth|2007}}

}}

  • {{cite journal |title=Mombasa Cathedral and the CMS Compound: The Years of the East Africa Protectorate |author= P.J.L. Frankl |journal= History in Africa |volume= 35 |pages= 209–229 |year=2008 |jstor=25483723

|ref= {{harvid|Frankl|2008}}

|doi= 10.1353/hia.0.0017 |s2cid= 162042643 }}

  • {{citation |title=Demand for housing in urban Kenya: The case of households in Nairobi and Mombasa counties |year=2013 |via= Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis |url=http://kippra.or.ke

}} {{free access}}

  • {{cite book|editor=John Peffer and Elisabeth L. Cameron |title= Portraiture and Photography in Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hk4677rbgK4C|year= 2013|publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-00872-5 |chapter=Mombasa on Display: Photography and the Formation of an Urban Public, from the 1940s Onward |author= Isolde Brielmaier

}}

{{refend}}

External links

{{Commons category-inline|History of Mombasa}}

  • {{cite web |url= http://doaj.org/search?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22Mombasa%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.title%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%7D%7D%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22bibjson.year.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22bibjson.month.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A100%7D |title= (Mombasa) |work=Directory of Open Access Journals |location=UK }} (Bibliography of open access {{open access}} articles)
  • {{cite web |url= https://www.qdl.qa/en/search/site/Mombasa |title=(Mombasa) |via= Qatar National Library, Qatar Digital Library }} (Images, etc.)
  • {{cite web |url= https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/search?q=Mombasa&rows=96 |title= (Mombasa) |via= Europeana }} (Images, etc.)
  • {{cite web |url= http://dp.la/search?page_size=100&q=Mombasa&utf8=✓ |title= (Mombasa) |via= Digital Public Library of America }} (Images, etc.)
  • {{cite web |url= http://www.ilissafrica.de/en/vk/?k0=title&v0=Mombasa&c=UBFfm631&c=GIGA_swb&c=ascLeiden&c=NAI&c=IFEAS&c=ilissOLC&c=AiLiSs&c=base&c=dkg |title=(Mombasa) |publisher= Frankfurt University Library |work=Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa |location=Germany |date=14 January 2019 }} (Bibliography)
  • {{cite web |url= http://www.connecting-africa.net/query_2.php?F9=0&S0=Mombasa&F0=0 |title=(Mombasa) |work=Connecting-Africa |publisher=African Studies Centre |location=Leiden, Netherlands }} (Bibliography)
  • {{cite web |url= http://www.africabib.org/query_a.php?ti=Mombasa |title=(Mombasa) |work= AfricaBib.org }} (Bibliography)
  • {{cite web |url= http://www.blackpast.org/gah/mombasa-kenya-ca-900-d |title= Mombasa, Kenya |work= BlackPast.org |location=US |date= 20 April 2011 }}

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