Tindirma
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Tindirma
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|settlement_type =Commune and village
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|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Mali
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Mali}}
|subdivision_type1 = Region
|subdivision_name1 = Tombouctou Region
|subdivision_type2 =Cercle
|subdivision_name2 = Diré Cercle
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|population_total =3419
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Tindirma is a village and commune of the Cercle of Diré in the Tombouctou Region of Mali. As of 1998 the commune had a population of 3,419.{{cite web|url=http://mali-reforme-telecom.mctmtl.com/previsions.pdf|title=Previsions de desserte des communes pour la periode de 2001-2005|publisher=Mali Reforme Telecom|access-date=February 23, 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040829024117/http://mali-reforme-telecom.mctmtl.com/previsions.pdf|archivedate=August 29, 2004}}
History
Established in 1496, Tindirma was once a Jewish community founded by Iberian Sephardi Jews who had been expelled from Spain and Portugal. Jewish graves and structures still remain in Tindirma.{{cite web|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt7rc4d9p5/qt7rc4d9p5.pdf?t=o869l8 |title=Beyond the Saharan Cloak: Uncovering Jewish Identity from Southern Morocco and throughout the Sahara |publisher=Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies |accessdate=2021-12-13}} Tindirma quickly became an important trade and administrative town within the Songhai Empire, becoming the capital of the western provinces and the seat of the powerful Kurmina-fari. The town was destroyed by Askia Ishaq II in 1588 after a rebellion.{{cite book |last1=Levtzion |first1=Nehemiah |author1-link=Nehemiah Levtzion |editor1-last=Oliver |editor1-first=Ronald |title=The Cambridge History of Africa Volume 3: From c.1050 to c.1600 |date=1977 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781139054577 |page=441 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/the-cambridge-history-of-africa/C022553858696B7F0FF6728ED795B8E1 |access-date=12 March 2024 |chapter= 5 - The western Maghrib and Sudan }}
In 1963, the ethnic consciousness of Jewish descendants living in Tindirma was revived after local fishermen wanted to build a village on top of the remains of Al Yahudi Cemetery, causing local Jews to rise up in strong opposition.{{cite web|url=http://iajgscemetery.org/africa/mali/tinderma |title=TINDERMA (Tindirma): |publisher=International Jewish Cemetery Project |accessdate=2021-12-13}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
{{Communes of the Tombouctou Region}}
{{coord|16|08|N|3|38|W|display=title|region:ML_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}
Category:Communes of Tombouctou Region
Category:Historic Jewish communities in West Africa
Category:Jews and Judaism in Mali
Category:Portuguese-Jewish diaspora in Africa
Category:Sephardi Jewish culture in Africa
Category:Spanish diaspora in Africa
Category:Spanish-Jewish diaspora
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