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Tithe barns in Europe#England

{{Short description|Type of barn used in much of northern Europe in the Middle Ages for storing rents and tithes}}

{{redirect|Tithe barn|for the Mormon structures found mainly in the United States|Tithing buildings of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}

{{more footnotes|date=March 2016}}

File:Jesberg Zehntscheune.jpg, Germany]]

File:Zehntscheune_Jesteburg.JPG, Germany]]

A tithe barn was a type of barn used in much of northern Europe in the Middle Ages for storing rents and tithes. Farmers were required to give one-tenth of their produce to the established church. Tithe barns were usually associated with the village church or rectory, and independent farmers took their tithes there. The village priests did not have to pay tithes—the purpose of the tithe being their support. Some operated their own farms anyway. The former church property has sometimes been converted to village greens.

Many were monastic barns, originally used by the monastery itself or by a monastic grange. The word 'grange' is (indirectly) derived from Latin {{lang|la|granarium}} ('granary'). Identical barns were found on royal domains and country estates.

The medieval aisled barn was developed in the 12th and 13th centuries, following the examples of royal halls, hospitals and market halls. Its predecessors included Roman horrea and Neolithic long houses.

According to English Heritage, "exactly how barns in general were used in the Middle Ages is less well understood than might be expected, and the subject abounds with myths (for example, not one of England's surviving architecturally impressive barns was a tithe barn, although such barns existed)".{{cite web |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/harmondsworth-barn/history-and-research/research |title=Research on Harmondsworth Barn |publisher=English Heritage |access-date=21 August 2013}}

Examples

=England=

==Medieval==

There are surviving examples of medieval barns in England, some of them known as "tithe barns". English Heritage established criteria to determine if barns were used as tithe barns.The Great Coxwell "Tithe Barn" was not really a tithe barn, according to English Heritage. The total number of surviving medieval barns (dated up to 1550) in Britain may be estimated about 200.{{cite book | first = Jeremy | last = Lake | title = Historic Farm Buildings: An Introduction and Guide | location = London | publisher = Cassell Illustrated | year = 1989 | isbn = 978-0713719697}}

==Later==

There are many extant barns that date from after the Medieval period and may be called "tithe barns" by their owners or councils. These include:

  • Loseley Park tithe barn (17th century)
  • Melling Tithebarn, Merseyside (c. 18th century){{cite web | url = http://www.mellingtithebarn.org.uk/thebarn.html | title = Melling Tithebarn Arts Association - The Tithebarn | work = MTAA: Melling Tithebarn Arts Association | publisher = Melling Tithebarn Arts Association | access-date = 2 April 2018 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170209045622/http://www.mellingtithebarn.org.uk/thebarn.html | archive-date = 9 February 2017}}

=Scotland=

=Germany=

=France=

=Belgium=

See also

Notes and references

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book | first = Anthony | last = Emery | title = Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300-1500 | volume = 1, Northern England | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1996 | isbn = 978-0521497237}}
  • {{cite book | first = James BT | last = Emmons | title = Artifacts from Medieval Europe | publisher = Greenwood | year = 2015 | edition = 1st}}
  • {{cite journal | first = Walter | last = Horn | title = On the Origins of the Medieval Bay System | journal = Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians | volume = 17 | issue = 2 | year = 1958 | pages = 2–23| doi = 10.2307/987918 | jstor = 987918 }}
  • {{cite book | first1 = Walter | last1 = Horn | first2 = Ernest | last2 = Born | title = The Barns of the Abbey of Beaulieu at its Granges of Great Coxwell and Beaulieu-St.-Leonards | publisher = University of California Press | year = 1965 | isbn = 978-0520005723}}
  • {{cite book | first = Graham | last = Hughes | title = Barns of Rural Britain | location = London | publisher = Herbert Press Ltd | year = 1985 | isbn = 978-0906969366}}
  • {{cite book | first = Malcolm | last = Kirk | title = The Barn: Silent Spaces | location = London | publisher = Thames & Hudson Ltd | year = 1994 | isbn = 978-0500341353}}
  • {{cite book | first = Roland W. | last = Morant | title = The Medieval Abbeys of England and Wales: A Resource Guide | location = Victoria, BC | publisher = Trafford Publishing | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-1412026048 | pages = 502–511}}
  • {{cite book | first = Eric | last = Sloane | title = An Age of Barns: An Illustrated Review of Classic Barn Styles and Construction | publisher = Voyageur Press | year = 1967 | edition = 2005 – 4th}}

External links

{{Commons category|Tithe barns}}

  • [https://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=4073893 Photographs of tithe barns] on geograph.org.uk

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Category:Barns

Category:Lists of buildings and structures in England