Tor Zawar
{{Short description|Fissure vent volcano in western Pakistan}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Tor Zawar
| elevation_m = 2237
| location = Pakistan
| map = Pakistan Balochistan#Pakistan
| map_caption = Location of Tor Zawar in the Province of Balochistan##Location of Tor Zawar in Pakistan
| map_size = 300
| label_position = right
| coordinates = {{Coord|30|28|45|N|67|28|30|E|type:mountain|display=inline,title}}
| type = Fissure vents
| last_eruption = January 2010
}}
Tor Zawar is a disputed fissure vent volcano in western Pakistan and the only recent volcano in Pakistan. Its first, and so far only, eruption occurred in January 2010.
Morphology
Tor Zawar is a group of closely spaced fissure vents on a non-volcanic mountain in a tectonically active region between the Bibai and Gogai thrust faults (Global Volcanism Program), which is in the Ziarat region near the village of Wham.
2010 eruption
An eruption in the region on January 29, 2010 surprised volcanologists because no previous volcanic activity had ever taken place there before. A local scientist reported that fissures opened, then emitted gases for a little while before the eruption began. The eruption produced a small spatter cone and a lava flow that only travelled 8.2 metres, and caused some minor damage. The lava is trachybasalt and basaltic andesite.
The eruption was preceded by a 60 km deep earthquake on 27 January. The calculated source depth of the lava is consistent with an origin at this depth in the asthenosphere.Kerr, A. C. and Khan M. McDonald I (2010) Eruption of basaltic magma at Tor Zawar, Pakistan on 27 January 2010: geochemical and petrological constraints on petrogenesis, Mineral Mag, v. 74, pp. 1027-1036
Disputed status
The origin of the lava is disputed.{{Cite web|url=http://www.volcanolive.com/torzawar.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171028000546/http://www.volcanolive.com/torzawar.html|archive-date = 2017-10-28|title = Tor Zawar Volcano | John Seach}} Kerr et al. (2010) interpreted the rocks as having formed from molten magma that had been created by partial melting in the mantle followed by eruption from a volcanic fissure vent. Kassi et al. (2012) disputed a mantle origin for these rocks, instead suggesting that the magma source was near-surface sedimentary rock that had been melted close to electricity pylons that had been struck by lightning, in a process similar to the formation of fulguritesKassi. A, M., Kasi, A. K., Tawab Khan, A. and Salam Khan, A. (2012) Comments on the eruption of basaltic magma at Tor Zawar, Balochistan, Pakistan on 27 January 2010, with a discussion of the geochemical and petrological constraints on its petrogenesis, Mineralogical Magazine, volume 76, 717-723 (that are formed when lightning melts sand to produce natural glass).
Initially, the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program included Tor Zawar in its database of volcanoes, citing the paper by Kerr et al. (2010).{{cite web |url=http://volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0302-08- |title=Global Volcanism Program | Tor Zawar | Summary |website=volcano.si.edu |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131024031/http://volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0302-08- |archive-date=31 January 2012 |url-status=dead}} {{As of|2017|12}}, however, the Global Volcanism Program excludes Tor Zawar from its volcano database{{Cite web|url=http://volcano.si.edu/list_volcano_holocene.cfm|title = Global Volcanism Program | Holocene Volcano List}} and excludes the 2010 event from its eruption database.{{Cite web|url=http://volcano.si.edu/search_eruption.cfm|title = Global Volcanism Program | Database Search}}
References
- [http://volcano.si.edu/reports/bulletin/contents.cfm?display=complete GVP Monthly Report: March 2012]
- [http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0302-08- Global Volcanism Program (GVP)]
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