Trachycarpeae

{{Short description|Tribe of palms}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Joey Palm.JPG

|image_caption = Johannesteijsmannia altifrons

|taxon = Trachycarpeae

|authority = Satake

|type_genus = Trachycarpus

|type_genus_authority = H.Wendl.

|subdivision_ranks = Genera

|subdivision = Acoelorraphe H.Wendl.

Brahea Mart. ex Endl.

Chamaerops L.

Colpothrinax Griseb. & H.Wendl.

Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.

Guihaia J.Dransf., S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei

Johannesteijsmannia H.E. Moore

Lanonia A.J. Hend. & C.D. Bacon

Licuala Wurmb

Livistona R.Br.

Maxburretia Furtado

Pholidocarpus Blume

Pritchardia Seem. & H.Wendl. ex H.Wendl.

Rhapidophyllum H.Wendl. & Drude

Rhapis L.f. ex Aiton

Saribus Blume

Serenoa Benth. & Hook.f

Trachycarpus H.Wendl.

Washingtonia H.Wendl.

}}

Trachycarpeae is a tribe of palms in subfamily Coryphoideae of the plant family Arecaceae.{{Cite journal|last=Baker|first=William J.|last2=Dransfield|first2=John|date=2016|title=Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|language=en|volume=182|issue=2|pages=207–233|doi=10.1111/boj.12401|doi-access=free}}{{cite book|title=Genera Palmarum: The Evolution and Classification of Palms|first1=John|last1=Dransfield|first2=Natalie W.|last2=Uhl|first3=Conny B.|last3=Asmussen|first4=William J.|last4=Baker|first5=Madeline M.|last5=Harley|first6=Carl E.|last6=Lewis|year=2008|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|ISBN=978-1-84246-182-2}} It has the widest distribution of any tribe in Coryphoideae and is found on all continents (except Antarctica), though the greatest concentration of species is in Southeast Asia.{{Cite book|title=Genera Palmarum - The Evolution and Classification of Palms|last1=Dransfield|first1=John|last2=Uhl|first2=Natalie W.|last3=Asmussen|first3=Conny B.|last4=Baker|first4=William J.|last5=Harley|first5=Madeline M.|last6=Lewis|first6=Carl E.|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|year=2008|isbn=9781842461822}} Trachycarpeae includes palms from both tropical and subtropical zones; the northernmost naturally-occurring palm is a member of this tribe (Chamaerops humilis).{{Cite web|url=http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=299207&isprofile=0&|title=Chamaerops humilis - Plant Finder|website=www.missouribotanicalgarden.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-03-02}} Several genera can be found in cultivation in temperate areas, for example species of Trachycarpus, Chamaerops, Rhapidophyllum and Washingtonia.{{Cite news|url=https://www.plantdelights.com/blogs/articles/cold-hardy-palms-windmill-needle-palm-tree-weather|title=Cold Hardy Palms for Temperate Gardens|work=Plant Delights Nursery|access-date=2018-03-02}}

Description

Palms in this tribe have palmate leaves with induplicate folds (reduplicate in Guihaia). Plants may be tall, single-stemmed trees (e.g. Copernicia, Brahea, Pritchardia), acaulescent with short, squat trunks (e.g. Maxburretia, Johannesteijsmannia), multi-stemmed (e.g. Rhapis, Acoelorraphe) or branched and prostrate (e.g. Serenoa). These palms flower regularly throughout their lives (pleonanthic) and may be dioecious, monoecious or hermaphroditic.

Taxonomy

Trachycarpeae is one of eight tribes in the subfamily Coryphoideae.{{Cite journal|last1=Dransfield|first1=John|last2=Uhl|first2=Natalie W.|last3=Asmussen|first3=Conny B.|last4=Baker|first4=William J.|last5=Harley|first5=Madeline M.|last6=Lewis|first6=Carl E.|date=2005|title=A new phylogenetic classification of the palm family, Arecaceae|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215898364|journal=Kew Bulletin|volume=60|pages=559–569|via=ResearchGate}} The tribe is monophyletic, but phylogenetic studies have yet to reveal its closest relatives, though they could be the Phoeniceae, or the Sabaleae and Cryosophileae. Initially described as tribe 'Livistoneae', the name Trachycarpeae has priority. In previous classifications, all the members of this tribe were included in tribe Corypheae.{{Cite book|title=Genera Palmarum: A Classification of Palms Based on the Work of Harold E. Moore, Jr.|last1=Uhl|first1=Natalie W.|last2=Dransfield|first2=John|publisher=L.H. Bailey Hortorium|year=1987|isbn=9780935868302}}

Trachycarpeae is divided into two subtribes: Rhapidinae have flowers with three separate carpels, whereas in subtribe Livistoniinae the flower carpels are free at the base, but the styles are fused together. All genera in Rhapidinae are native to the Old World, except North American Rhapidophyllum. Livistoninae are widely distributed in both the New World and Southeast Asia and Australia. A single species (Livistona carinensis) has its main area of distribution in Africa, with Chamaerops humilis extending into northern Africa. Several genera in this tribe have yet to be allocated to a subtribe, due to a lack of convincing data from phylogenetic studies.

Rhapidinae

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Livistoninae

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Unplaced genera

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The above classification was published prior to the recognition of the genera Saribus and Lanonia; however, both are clearly members of subtribe Livistoniinae. Saribus includes species formerly in Livistona and monotypic Pritchardiopsis,{{Cite journal|last1=Bacon|first1=Christine D.|last2=Baker|first2=William J.|date=2011|title=Saribus Resurrected|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233497879|journal=Palms|volume=55 |issue=3|pages=109–116|via=ResearchGate}} while Lanonia species were previously included in Licuala.{{Cite journal|last1=Henderson|first1=Andrew J.|last2=Bacon|first2=Christine D.|date=2011|title=Lanonia (Arecaceae: Palmae), a New Genus from Asia, with a Revision of the Species|jstor=41416905|journal=Systematic Botany|volume=36|issue=4|pages=883–895|doi=10.1600/036364411x604903|s2cid=84318474}}{{Cite journal|last1=Henderson|first1=Andrew|last2=Dung|first2=Nguyen Quoc|date=2017-09-29|title=New species of Lanonia, Licuala, and Pinanga (Arecaceae) from Vietnam|url=https://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.323.2.4|journal=Phytotaxa|language=en|volume=323|issue=2|page=159|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.323.2.4|issn=1179-3163|url-access=subscription}}

Gallery

File:Aceolorraphe wrightii 1.jpg|Acoelorraphe wrightii

File:Brahea armata kz3.jpg|Brahea armata

File:Chamaerops humilis 02.JPG|Chamaerops humilis

File:Colpothrinax wrightii.jpg|Colpothrinax wrightii

File:Copernicia macroglossa 10zz.jpg|Copernicia macroglossa

File:Guihaia grossefibrosa 4zz.jpg|Guihaia grossefibrosa

File:Johannesteijsmannia altifrons (Scott Zona) 001.jpg|Johannesteijsmannia altifrons

File:Livistona carinensis Djibouti.jpg|Livistona carinensis

File:Licuala ramsayi (tanetahi) 001.jpg|Licuala ramsayi

File:Pritchardia martii (5844077270).jpg|Pritchardia martii

File:Rhapidophyllum hystrix.jpg|Rhapidophyllum hystrix

File:Rhapis humilis1.jpg|Rhapis humilis

File:Livistona rotundifolia 7zz.jpg|Saribus rotundifolius

File:Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) in Manatee Springs State Park.jpg|Serenoa repens

File:Trachycarpus fortunei P1010099.JPG|Trachycarpus fortunei

File:Washingtonia robusta.jpg|Washingtonia robusta

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Arecaceae genera}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1229280}}

Category:Monocot tribes