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Trade bloc#List of regional blocs

{{Short description|Intergovernmental open trading group}}

A trade bloc is a type of intergovernmental agreement, often part of a regional intergovernmental organization, where barriers to trade (tariffs and others) are reduced or eliminated among the participating states.

Trade blocs can be stand-alone agreements between several states (such as the USMCA) or part of a regional organization (such as the European Union). Depending on the level of economic integration, trade blocs can be classified as preferential trading areas, free-trade areas, customs unions, common markets, or economic and monetary unions.Mansfield and Milner 2005, 333.

Use

{{world economic integration}}

Historic trading blocs include the Hanseatic League, a Northern European economic alliance between the 12th and 17th centuries, and the German Customs Union, formed on the basis of the German Confederation and subsequently the German Empire from 1871. Surges of trade bloc formation occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, as well as in the 1990s after the collapse of Communism. By 1997, more than 50% of all world commerce was conducted within regional trade blocs.Milner 2002, 450. Economist Jeffrey J. Schott of the Peterson Institute for International Economics notes that members of successful trade blocs usually share four common traits: similar levels of per capita GNI, geographic proximity, similar or compatible trading regimes, and political commitment to regional organization.Schott 1991, 2.

Some advocates of global free trade are opposed to trading blocs. Trade blocs are seen by them to encourage regional free trade at the expense of global free trade.O'Loughlin and Anselin 1996, 136. Those who advocate for it claim that global free trade is in the interest of every country, as it would create more opportunities to turn local resources into goods and services that are both currently in demand and will be in demand in the future by consumers.{{Cite journal|last=Lal|first=Deepak|year=1993|title=Trade Blocs and Multilateral Free Trade|journal=Journal of Common Market Studies|volume=31|issue=3|pages=349–358|doi=10.1111/j.1468-5965.1993.tb00468.x|url=http://www.econ.ucla.edu/workingpapers/wp697.pdf}} However, scholars and economists continue to debate whether regional trade blocs fragment the global economy or encourage the extension of the existing global multilateral trading system.Milner 2002, 458.Mansfield and Milner 2005, 330.

Terminology

A common market is seen as a stage of economic integration towards an economic union{{Cite web|url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection-R/LoPBdP/inbrief/prb0249-e.htm|title=Stages of Economic Integration: From Autarky to Economic Union}} or possibly towards the goal of a unified market.

A single market is a type of trade bloc in which most trade barriers have been removed (for goods) with some common policies on product regulation, and freedom of movement of the factors of production (capital and labour) and of enterprise and services.

Statistics

{{update|reason=newer GDP numbers needed|date=January 2023}}

File:GDP PPP 2021 Selection.svg

class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
rowspan=2 |Trade bloc

!rowspan=2 |Population

!colspan=4 |Gross domestic product{{Nobold| (USD)}}

!rowspan=2 |Members

2006

!2007

!style="width:70px;"|growth

!style="width:70px;"|per capita

colspan=7| Economic and monetary unions
acp=African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries

|align="left"| EMU

|324,879,195

10,685,946,928,31012,225,304,229,68614.41%37,630

|{{Collapsible list|title=17|{{AUT}}|{{BEL}}|{{CYP}}|{{EST}}|{{FIN}}|{{FRA}}|{{GER}}|{{GRE}}|{{IRL}}|{{ITA}}|{{LUX}}|{{MLT}}|{{NED}}|{{POR}}|{{SVK}}|{{SVN}}|{{ESP}}}}

align="left"| OECS (sovereign states)

|593,905

3,752,679,562style="background:#ff6666;"|3,998,281,7316.54%6,732

|{{Collapsible list|title=6|{{ATG}}|{{DMA}}|{{GRD}}|{{SKN}}|{{LCA}}|{{VIN}}}}

align="left"| OII

|style="background:#ff6666;"|504,476

12,264,278,32914,165,953,20015.51%28,081

|{{Collapsible list|title=3|{{PYF}}|{{NCL}}|{{WLF}}}}

align="left"| CCCM

|6,418,417

39,616,485,62343,967,600,76510.98%6,850

|{{Collapsible list|title=12|6 OECS members|{{BAR}}|{{BLZ}}|{{GUY}}|{{JAM}}|{{SUR}}|{{TRI}}}}

colspan=7| Customs and monetary unions
align="left"| CEMAC

|39,278,645

51,265,460,68558,519,380,75514.15%1,490

|{{Collapsible list|title=6|{{CMR}}|{{CAF}}|{{CHA}}|{{COG}}|{{EQG}}|{{GAB}}}}

align="left"| UEMOA

|90,299,945

50,395,629,49458,453,871,28315.99%647

|{{Collapsible list|title=8|{{BEN}}|{{BUR}}|{{CIV}}|{{GNB}}|{{MLI}}|{{NIG}}|{{SEN}}|{{TOG}}}}

colspan=7| Customs unions
align="left"| CAN

|96,924,486

281,269,141,372334,172,968,64818.81%3,448

|{{Collapsible list|title=4|{{BOL}}|{{COL}}|{{ECU}}|{{PER}}}}

align="left"| EAC

|127,107,838

49,882,030,44361,345,180,04122.98%style="background:#ff6666;"|483

|{{Collapsible list|title=5|{{BDI}}|{{KEN}}|{{RWA}}|{{TAN}}

{{UGA}}}}
align="left"| EUCU

|574,602,745

15,331,827,900,20217,679,376,474,71915.31%30,768

|{{Collapsible list|title=33|30 EEA members|{{AND}}|{{SMR}}|{{TUR}}}}

align="left"| GCC

|36,154,528

724,460,151,595802,641,302,47710.79%22,200

|{{Collapsible list|title=6|{{BHR}}|{{KUW}}|{{OMA}}|{{QAT}}|{{SAU}}|{{UAE}}}}

align="left"| MERCOSUR

|271,304,946

1,517,510,000,0001,886,817,000,00012.44%9,757

|{{Collapsible list|title=5|{{ARG}}|{{BRA}}|{{PAR}}|{{URU}}|{{VEN}}}}

align="left"| SACU

|58,000,000

1,499,811,549,1871,848,337,158,28123.24%6,885

|{{Collapsible list|title=5|{{BOT}}|{{LES}}|{{NAM}}|{{ZAF}}|{{SWZ}}}}

colspan=7| Preferential trade areas and Free trade areas
align="left"| AANZFTA-ASEAN+3

|2,085,858,841

10,216,029,899,76411,323,947,181,80410.84%5,429

|{{Collapsible list|title=15|10 ASEAN members|{{AUS}}|{{CHN}}|({{HKG}})|({{MAC}})|{{JPN}}|{{NZL}}|{{KOR}}}}

align="left"| ALADI

|499,807,662

2,823,198,095,1313,292,088,771,48016.61%6,587

|{{Collapsible list|title=12|4 CAN members|5 MERCOSUL members|{{CHL}}|{{CUB}}|{{MEX}}}}

align="left"| AFTZ

|553,915,405

643,541,709,413739,927,625,27314.98%1,336

|{{Collapsible list|title=26|5 EAC members|5 SACU members|{{ANG}}|{{COM}}|{{COD}}|{{DJI}}|{{EGY}}|{{ERI}}|{{ETH}}|{{LBA}}|{{MAD}}|{{MWI}}|{{MRI}}|{{MOZ}}|{{SEY}}|{{SUD}}|{{ZAM}}|{{ZIM}}}}

align="left"| APTA

|style="background:#66ff66;"|2,714,464,027

4,868,614,302,7445,828,692,637,76419.72%2,147

|{{Collapsible list|title=6|{{BAN}}|{{CHN}}|({{HKG}})|({{MAC}})|{{IND}}|{{LAO}}|{{SRI}}|{{KOR}}}}

align="left"| CARIFORUM-EUCU-OCTs

|592,083,950

15,437,771,092,522style="background:#66ff66;"|17,798,283,524,96115.29%30,060

|{{Collapsible list|title=67|12 CCCM members|33 EUCU members|3 OII members|

{{AIA}}|{{ARU}}|{{BAH}}|{{Flag|British Antarctic Territory}}|{{IOT}}|{{VGB}}|{{CAY}}|{{DOM}}|{{FLK}}|{{ATF}}|{{GRL}}|{{MYT}}|{{MSR}}|{{ANT}}|{{PCN}}|{{SHN}}|{{SGS}}|{{SPM}}|{{TCA}}}}

align="left"| CACM

|37,388,063

87,209,524,88997,718,800,79412.05%2,614

|{{Collapsible list|title=5|{{CRI}}|{{SLV}}|{{GUA}}|{{HON}}|{{NIC}}}}

align="left"| CEFTA

|27,968,711

110,263,802,023135,404,501,03122.80%4,841

|{{Collapsible list|title=8|{{ALB}}|{{BIH}}|{{CRO}}|{{flag|Kosovo}}|{{MKD}}|{{MDA}}|{{MNE}}|{{SRB}}}}

align="left"| CISFTA

|272,897,834

1,271,909,586,0181,661,429,920,721style="background:#66ff66;"|30.62%6,088

|{{Collapsible list|title=11|6 EAEC members|{{ARM}}|{{AZE}}|{{GEO}}|{{UKR}}|{{MDA}}}}

align="left"| DR-CAFTA-US

|356,964,477

13,345,469,865,03714,008,686,684,089style="background:#ff6666;"|4.97%style="background:#66ff66;"|39,244

|{{Collapsible list|title=7|5 CACM members|{{DOM}}|{{USA}}|({{PRI}})}}

align="left"| ECOWAS

|283,096,250

215,999,071,943255,784,634,12818.42%904

|{{Collapsible list|title=15|8 UEMOA members|{{CPV}}|{{GAM}}|{{GHA}}|{{GUI}}|{{LBR}}|{{NGR}}|{{SLE}}}}

align="left"| EEA (EU + EFTA)

|499,620,521

14,924,076,504,59217,186,876,431,70915.16%34,400

|{{Collapsible list|title=30|27 EU members|{{ISL}}|{{LIE}}|{{NOR}}}}

align="left"| EFTA-SACU

|68,199,991

1,021,509,931,9181,139,385,636,88811.54%16,707

|{{Collapsible list|title=9|4 EFTA members|5 SACU members}}

align="left"| EAEC

|207,033,990

1,125,634,333,1171,465,256,182,49830.17%7,077

|{{Collapsible list|title=6|{{BLR}}|{{KAZ}}|{{KGZ}}|{{RUS}}|{{TJK}}|{{UZB}}}}

align="left"| USMCA

|449,227,672

15,337,094,304,21816,189,097,801,3185.56%36,038

|{{Collapsible list|title=3|{{CAN}}|{{MEX}}|{{USA}}|({{PRI}})}}

align="left"| TPP

|25,639,622

401,810,366,865468,101,167,29416.50%18,257

|{{Collapsible list|title=4|{{BRU}}|{{CHL}}|{{NZL}}|{{SIN}}}}

align="left"| SAARC

|1,567,187,373

1,162,684,650,5441,428,392,756,31222.85%911

|{{Collapsible list|title=8|{{AFG}}|{{BAN}}|{{BHU}}|{{IND}}|{{MDV}}|{{NEP}}|{{PAK}}|{{SRI}}}}

align="left"| SPARTECA

|35,079,659

918,557,785,0311,102,745,750,17220.05%31,435

|{{Collapsible list|title=21|3 OII members|12 PICTA members|{{AUS}}|{{MHL}}|{{NZL}}|{{PLW}}|{{TLS}}|{{TKL}}}}

align="left"| Pacific Alliance

|218,649,115

1,371,197,216,1401,525,825,175,04511.28%6,978

|{{Collapsible list|title=4|{{COL}}|{{CHL}}|{{PER}}|{{MEX}}}}

|+This list is based on the data obtained from {{UNO}} [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/selectionbasicFast.asp Statistics Division].

Comparison between regional trade blocs

border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="border-collapse:collapse"
bgcolor="#ececec"

! colspan=2| !! ! colspan=9 | Activities

bgcolor="#ececec"

! colspan=2 rowspan=2|Regional bloc !! rowspan=2| Free Trade Area !! colspan=3 |Economic and monetary union !! colspan=2| Free Travel!! rowspan=2 | Political pact !! rowspan=2 |Defence pact !! rowspan=2|Other

bgcolor="#ececec"

! Customs union !! Single market !! Currency union !! Visa-free !! Border-less

colspan=2 align="center"| EU

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force7

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force2

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force 1

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force
(Schengen 1, 7, NPU and CTA 1)

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force
(CFSP/ESDP 1)

| bgcolor=lightgreen | ESA 1, 7

colspan=2 align="center"| EFTA

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force2, 7

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force 1, 7

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force 1, 7

| bgcolor=lightgreen | ESA 1, 7

colspan=2 align="center"| CARICOM

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force 1

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force 1 and
proposed common

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force 1

| bgcolor=orange | proposed

| bgcolor=orange | proposed

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | NWFZ

rowspan=6 align="center" | AU

| align="center" | ECOWAS

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force 1, 3

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force 1

| bgcolor=orange | proposed{{cite web|url=http://docsonline.wto.org/DDFDocuments/t/WT/COMTD/N11.DOC|title=WT/COMTD/N/11|website=wto.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325011319/http://docsonline.wto.org/DDFDocuments/t/WT/COMTD/N11.DOC|archive-date=2009-03-25}}{{cite web|url=http://docsonline.wto.org/DDFDocuments/t/WT/COMTD/N21.doc|title=WT/COMTD/N/21|website=wto.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327074930/http://docsonline.wto.org/DDFDocuments/t/WT/COMTD/N21.doc|archive-date=2009-03-27}}

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force 1 and
proposed for 2012 1 and
proposed common

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force 1

| bgcolor=orange | proposed

| bgcolor=orange | proposed

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=lightgreen | NWFZ1

align="center" | ECCAS

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force1

| bgcolor=lightgreen | African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA)1

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force1

| bgcolor=orange | proposed

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force1

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=lightgreen | NWFZ1

align="center" | EAC

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 2020s

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 2024

| bgcolor=orange | proposed

| ?

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 2023

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | NWFZ1

align="center" | SADC

| bgcolor=lightGREEN | in force1

| bgcolor=lightGREEN | in force1

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 2015

| bgcolor=yellow | de facto in force 1 and proposed common for 2016

| bgcolor=orange | proposed{{cite news | title = Prensa Latina | publisher = Prensa Latina | date = February 3, 2007 | url = http://www.plenglish.com/Article.asp?ID=%7BED24867F-2CDD-4DF8-9342-2FBF3AB80AB2%7D&language=EN | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927191014/http://www.plenglish.com/Article.asp?ID=%7BED24867F-2CDD-4DF8-9342-2FBF3AB80AB2%7D&language=EN | archive-date = September 27, 2007 }}

|

|

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | NWFZ1

align="center" | COMESA

| bgcolor=lightGREEN | in force1

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 2010

| ?

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 2018

|

|

|

| |

| bgcolor=lightgreen | NWFZ1

align="center" | Common

| bgcolor=lightGREEN |in force1

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 2019

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 2023

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 2028

|

| |

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 2028

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | NWFZ1

colspan="2" align="center" | Pacific Alliance

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

|

|

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

|

|

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | NWFZ

rowspan=3 align="center" | USAN

| align="center" | MERCOSUR

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 2015{{cite web|url=http://docsonline.wto.org/DDFDocuments/t/WT/REG/238M1.doc|title=WT/REG238/M/1|website=wto.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304040054/http://docsonline.wto.org/DDFDocuments/t/WT/REG/238M1.doc|archive-date=2009-03-04}}

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

|

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 2014{{cite news | title = Definidos critérios para o Parlamento do Mercosul | publisher = Senado Federal – Notícias| date = February 3, 2007 | url = http://www.senado.gov.br/sf/noticia/senamidia/jornalSenado/verNoticia.asp?ud=20051017&datNoticia=20051017&codNoticia=37826 }}

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | NWFZ

align="center" | CAN

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force 1

| bgcolor=orange | proposed1Twelfth Andean Presidential Council [http://www.comunidadandina.org/INGLES/documentos/documents/Act10-6-00.htm Act of Lima] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707044924/http://www.comunidadandina.org/ingles/documentos/documents/Act10-6-00.htm |date=2010-07-07 }}

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

|

|

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | NWFZ

align="center" | Common

| bgcolor=YELLOW | proposed for 2014 4

| bgcolor=YELLOW | proposed for not after 2019

| bgcolor=YELLOW | proposed for 2019

| bgcolor=YELLOW | proposed for 2019

| bgcolor=lightGREEN | in force{{cite news | title = ? | publisher = CNN| date = February 3, 2007 | url = http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/americas/11/24/chile.southamerica.ap/index.html?eref=rss_latest }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}

| bgcolor=YELLOW | proposed for 2019

| bgcolor=orange | proposed

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=lightgreen | NWFZ

colspan=2 align="center"| EEU

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force1

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=orange | Proposed{{cite news|title=Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus form Eurasian Economic Union|newspaper=Washington Post|date=May 29, 2014|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/russia-kazakhstan-belarus-form-eurasian-economic-union/2014/05/29/de4a2c15-cb01-4c25-9bd6-7d5ac9e466fd_story.html|access-date=June 1, 2014}}

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force{{cite web |url=http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=2847543&PageNum=0 |title=Archived |website=www.itar-tass.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930204709/http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=2847543&PageNum=0 |archive-date=September 30, 2007}}{{dl|date=May 2023}}

|

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force 1

|

rowspan=2 align="center" | AL

| align="center" | GCC

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force{{cite news|title=GCC customs union fully operational|url=http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/news/middle-east/314466/gcc-customs-union-fully-operational|access-date=11 January 2015|publisher=The Peninsula|date=2016-08-13|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118080233/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/news/middle-east/314466/gcc-customs-union-fully-operational|archive-date=18 January 2015}}

| bgcolor=orange | proposed

| bgcolor=orange | proposed 1

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

|

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

|

align="center" | Common

| bgcolor=lightGREEN | in force1

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 2015

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 2020

| bgcolor=orange | proposed

|

| |

| bgcolor=orange | proposed[http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4§ion=0&article=39348&d=11&m=2&y=2004&pix=world.jpg&category=World Yemen Proposes Replacing Arab League With Arab Union], Agence France-Presse, 11 February 2004

|

|

colspan=2 align="center"| ASEAN

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force 5

|

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 2015{{cite news|title=Asean Trade Mins Meet To Speed Up Plans For Single Market |publisher=Malaysia Dual Lingual Business News |date=February 3, 2007 |url=http://www.biznewsdb.com/english/newspage/newspage.asp?ID=60515103&file1=6&bulan=05&kw=wwqq |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928203036/http://www.biznewsdb.com/english/newspage/newspage.asp?ID=60515103&file1=6&bulan=05&kw=wwqq |archive-date=2007-09-28 }}

| bgcolor=orange | proposed 8{{cite news | title = Envisioning a single Asian currency | publisher = International Herald Tribune| date = February 3, 2007 | url = http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/03/27/bloomberg/bxadb.php }}

| bgcolor=lightgreen |in force{{cite news

|title=ASEAN To Sign Accord On Visa-Free Travel

|publisher=AHN – All Headline News

|date=February 3, 2007

|url=http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7004181732

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926223620/http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7004181732

|archive-date=2007-09-26

}}

|

| bgcolor=yellow| proposed for 2015{{cite press release|title=ASEAN Leaders Sign Five Agreements at the 12th ASEAN Summit, Cebu, the Philippines, 13 January 2007 |publisher=ASEAN Secretariat |date=2007-01-13 |url=http://www.asean.org/19223.htm#Article-3 |access-date=2007-01-28 |quote=On the first day of the 12th ASEAN Summit, five Agreements have been signed by ASEAN leaders – reinforcing their commitment in the continuing integration of ASEAN and enhancing political, economic and social cooperation in the region. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316154846/http://www.asean.org/19223.htm |archive-date=2012-03-16 }}

| bgcolor=yellow| proposed for 2020{{cite news |title=ASEAN defense ministers aim for security community |publisher=ABS-CBN |date=February 3, 2007 |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=38152 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627071348/http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=38152 |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 27, 2006 }}

| bgcolor=lightgreen | NWFZ

colspan=2 align="center"| CAIS

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force1

| bgcolor=orange | proposed

| ?

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force1

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force1

| bgcolor=orange | proposed

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | NWFZ

colspan=2 align="center"| CEFTA

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | RCC7

colspan=2 align="center"| USMCA

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force

|

|

|

|

|

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force 1, 7

|

colspan=2 align="center"| SAARC

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force 1, 6

| bgcolor=orange | proposed

| bgcolor=orange | proposed

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | in force9

|

|

|

|

colspan=2 align="center"| PIF

| bgcolor=yellow | proposed for 20211

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| bgcolor=lightgreen | NWFZ1

{{refbegin}}

1 not all members participating

2 involving goods, services, telecommunications, transport (full liberalisation of railways from 2012), energy (full liberalisation from 2007)

3 telecommunications, transport and energy - proposed

4 sensitive goods to be covered from 2019

5 least developed members to join from 2012

6 least developed members to join from 2017

7 Additionally some non member states also participate (the European Union, EFTA have overlapping membership and various common initiatives regarding the European integration).

8 Additionally some non member states also participate (ASEAN Plus Three)

9 Limited to "entitled persons" and duration of one year.

{{refend}}

See also

{{Portal|Economics}}

=Lists of trade blocs=

Currency union.PNG|Monetary unions

Customs Unions World.svg|Customs unions worldwide

Free Trade Areas.PNG|Free trade areas worldwide

Mercosur - Member states.png|Mercosur

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}

  • Mansfield, Edward D. and Helen V. Milner, "The New Wave of Regionalism" in {{cite book|last=Diehl|first=Paul F.|title=The Politics of Global Governance: International Organizations in an Interdependent World|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|year=2005|location=Boulder|isbn=978-1-55587-654-8}}
  • Milner, Helen V., "International Trade" in {{cite book|last=Carlsnaes|first=Walter|author2=Thomas Risse |author3=Beth A. Simmons |title=Handbook of International Relations|publisher=SAGE Publications |year=2002|location=London|isbn=978-0-7619-6304-2}}
  • {{cite journal|last=O'Loughlin|first=John|author2=Luc Anselin |title=Geo-Economic Competition and Trade Bloc Formation: United States, German, and Japanese Exports, 1968–1992|journal=Economic Geography|volume=72|issue=2|pages=131–160|year=1996|doi=10.2307/144263|jstor=144263}}
  • {{cite journal|last=Schott|first=Jeffrey J.|title=Trading blocs and the world trading system|journal=World Economy|volume=14|issue=1|pages=1–17|year=1991|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9701.1991.tb00748.x}}

{{refend}}

{{Trade}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trade Bloc}}

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