Train T
{{Short description|French piston aircraft engine series}}
| {{Infobox Aircraft Begin
| name=2T, 4T, 6T | image= | caption= }}{{Infobox Aircraft Engine |type=In line air-cooled inverted piston engine |manufacturer=Établissements E. Train |designer= |national origin=France |first run= |major applications= |produced= |number built= |program cost= |unit cost= |developed from= |variants with their own articles= }} |
The Train 2T, 4T and 6T were low power piston engines for light aircraft, produced in France. They were inverted, air-cooled in-line engines with the same bore and stroke, differing chiefly in the number of cylinders.
Design and development
In the 1930s Train introduced a series of air-cooled, inverted in-line piston engines for light aircraft. The T series all used the same cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, valve trains and ignition system, combined into 2 (2T), 4 (4T), and 6 (6T) cylinder units of the same layout. The number of crankshaft bearings (3, 5 or 7) and throws (2, 4 or 6) naturally depended on the number of cylinders, as did the number of cams (4, 8 or 12) on the underhead camshaft. Each cylinder had a swept volume of {{convert|0.5|L|cuin|abbr=on|1}}, so the displacements were {{convert|1|L|cuin|abbr=on|1}}, {{convert|2|L|cuin|abbr=on|1}} and {{convert|3|L|cuin|abbr=on|1}} and the rated outputs {{convert|15|kW|hp|abbr=on|1}}, {{convert|30|kW|hp|abbr=on|1}} and {{convert|60|hp|kW|order=flip|abbr=on|1}} respectively. The Train 6D was a variant of the 6T with increased bore of {{convert|85|mm|in|abbr=on|1}}.
Operational history
Several International 2-litre Class records were set in 1937 by aircraft powered by the Train 4T. On 7 June 1937 M. Duverene averaged {{convert|154.5|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|1}} over {{convert|1000|km|mi nmi|abbr=on|1}} and {{convert|95|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|1}} over {{convert|1000|km|mi nmi|abbr=on|1}} in a single engine Kellner-Béchereau E.1. On 27 December 1937 Mme Lafargue reached an altitude of {{convert|4,935|m|ft|abbr=on}} in a Touya, setting both a class and a women's record.
It also powered aircraft on some notable cross-country flights; on 30 December 1937 M. Lenee flew a Kellner-Béchereau E.1 from Elde to Biarritz, a distance of {{convert|1229|km|mi nmi|abbr=on|1}}; the same day M. Blazy flew a two-seat SFAN 5 aircraft from Guyancourt to Champniers, Charente, covering {{convert|330|km|mi nmi|abbr=on|1}}.
Six Train 4Ts were used in the 2 seat, {{convert|18|m|ft|abbr=on|1}} span Potez-CAMS 160 flying boat, a 1:2.6 scale model of the large Potez-CAMS 161 aircraft.
Variants
From Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938 unless noted
;Train 2T
:2-cylinders, {{convert|80|mm|in|abbr=on|2}}, {{convert|1|L|cuin|abbr=on|1}}, {{convert|15|kW|hp|abbr=on|1}}
;Train 4T
:4-cylinders, {{convert|80|mm|in|abbr=on|2}}, {{convert|2|L|cuin|abbr=on|1}}, {{convert|30|kW|hp|abbr=on|1}}
::Train 4A - {{convert|40-55|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}} variant of the 4T
::Train 4E - {{convert|50-55|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}} variant of the 4T
;Train 6T
:6-cylinders, {{convert|80|mm|in|abbr=on|2}}, {{convert|3|L|cuin|abbr=on|1}}, {{convert|60|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip|1}}
;Train 6C-01
: Powered the Tokyo Imperial University LB-2
;Train 6D
:6-cylinders, {{convert|85|mm|in|abbr=on|2}}, {{convert|3.4|L|cuin|abbr=on|1}}, {{convert|62|kW|hp|abbr=on|1}}
Applications
From Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938 and www.AviaFrance
=4-cylinder models=
- Brochet MB.50 (4T)
- Carmier T.10 (4A)
- Caudron C.344 (4T)
- Chilton D.W.1A (4T)
- Druine Aigle 777 (4T)
- Duverne-Saran (4T)
- Hennion 01 (4A 01)
- Kellner-Béchereau E.1 (4T)
- Mauboussin Hémiptère (4T)
- Morane-Saulnier MS-660 (4E-01)
- Nicolas-Claude NC-2 Aquilon (4E-01?)
- Payen AP-10 (4T)
- Potez-CAMS 160 (4T or 4A-01)
- Régnier 12 (4T)
- Touya aircraft{{clarify|What is it?|date=March 2018}} (4T)
- Trébucien Sport (4T)
=6-cylinder models=
- Aubert PA-20 Cigale (6T)
- Duverne-Saran 01 (6T)
- Kellner-Béchereau EC.4 (6T)
- Kellner-Béchereau ED.5 (6T)
- S.E.C.A.T. S.4 Mouette
- SECAT VI La Mouette (6T)
- SFAN 5 (6T)
- Volland V-10 (6T)
Specifications (4T)
{{pistonspecs|
|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938
|type=4-cylinder inline inverted air-cooled
|bore=80 mm (3.15 in)
|stroke=100 mm (3.94 in)
|displacement=2.01 L (123 in3))
|length=670 mm (26.4 in)
|diameter=
|width=240 mm (9.45 in)
|height=516 mm (20.3 in)
|weight=46 kg (101 lb)
|valvetrain=Valves directly operated by cams on underhead camshaft, driven from crankshaft via bevel gears. One inlet and one exhaust valve/cylinder.
|supercharger=
|turbocharger=
|fuelsystem=single carburetter
- Ignition system: Choice of one or two magnetos with one or two plugs/cylinder
|fueltype=
|oilsystem=Pumped under pressure from external tank, feeding main bearings and big ends; little ends and piston walls spray fed. Gravity return. Underhead valve gear in full length oil bath.
|coolingsystem=air
|power=Rated 30 kW (40 hp), actual 33 kW (44 hp), both at 2,300 rpm
|specpower=16.5 kW/L (0.64 hp/in3)
|compression=6:1
|fuelcon=
|specfuelcon=322 g/(kW·h) (0.529 lb/(hp·h))
|oilcon=61 g/(kW·h) (0.10 lb/(hp·h))
|power/weight=0.72 kW/kg (0.44 hp/lb)
|designer=
|reduction_gear=None
|general_other=
|components_other=
Cylinders: Machined steel barrels with aluminium-bronze heads containing machined valve seat and secured with long bolts to crankcase.
;Pistons: Aluminium alloy. Floating gudgeon pins. Three compression and one scraper ring/cylinder
;Connecting rods:Forged duralumin with split big ends.
;Crankshaft:4-throw steel casting with 5 white metal lined bearings. Front ball race thrust bearing.
;Crankcase:Aluminium casting in top and bottom halves, with capped crankshaft bearings in the lower part.
|performance_other=
}}
See also
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References
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