Transport in Ukraine#Pipelines

{{unreferenced section|date=September 2013}}

Today the transport sector in Ukraine generally meets only the basic needs of the economy and population. The level of safety, quality and efficiency of passenger and freight transport, as well as the infrastructure's amount of energy usage, and the technological burden it places on the environment do not meet modern-day requirements.

Due to the low level of demand, the country's existing transit potential and advantageous geographical position is not fully utilised. There is thus a lag in the development of transport infrastructure, transport and logistics technologies and multimodal transport. All this has made Ukraine uncompetitive as the high costs of transport across the country make the cost of production in the country uncommonly high.

The advantageous geographical position of Ukraine allows for the location of a number of International Transport Corridors on its territory, in particular :

• Pan-European transport corridors № 3, 5, 7, 9;
• Rail Co-Operation Corridors (ORC) № 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 and
• European Transport Corridors – Caucasus – Asia (TRACECA) and Europe – Asia.

{{update|section|date=September 2013}}

The share of the transport sector in Ukraine's gross domestic product (according to statista) as of 2021 was 5.42%.https://web.archive.org/web/20240519151733/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1322567/ukraine-share-of-gdp-by-sector/ The number of workers employed in the sector is 8% of total employment.https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/ukraines-wages-and-job-loss-trends-during-war The transportation infrastructure of Ukraine is adequately developed overall, however it is obsolete and in need of major modernization. A remarkable boost in the recent development of the country's transportation infrastructure was noticed after winning the right to host a major continental sport event the UEFA Euro 2012.

In 2009, Ukrainian infrastructure provided for the transportation of 1.5 billion tons of cargo and 7.3 billion passengers. Due to the 2008 financial crisis, the volume of freight traffic decreased by 17.6% in 2009 when compared with figures from 2008; passenger transport fell by 12.7%.

{{center|Freight and Passenger Transportation Statistics{{cite web|url=http://stat6.stat.lviv.ua/PXWEB2006p/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=13010102&ti=13010102%|title=2E +% C2% E0% ED% F2% E0% E6% ED% B3 +% F2% E0 +% EF% E0% F1% E0% E6% E8% F0% F1% FC% EA% B3 +% E0% E2% F2% EE% EF% E5% F0% E5% E2% E5% E7% E5% ED% ED% FF & path =.. / Database/Regiostat/13/01 / & lang = 1 Freight and passenger road transportation in Ukraine|website=stat.lviv.ua}} }}

File:UZ ChS7 Bakhchysarai - Inkerman.jpg in Ukraine's Crimea region.]]

{{Main|Rail transport in Ukraine}}

The public railways in Ukraine are managed by the state railway company Ukrzaliznytsia.Industrial railways and metros in cities are managed independently.

The length of the railway network Ukraine ranks third in Europe (21.700 kilometres of track).

• {{convert|22000|km|0|abbr=on}} broad gauge of {{RailGauge|1520mm}}, ~{{convert|10000|km|0|abbr=on}} electrified (3 kV DC and 25 kV AC)
• {{convert|201|km|0|abbr=on}} of {{RailGauge|1435mm}} standard gauge, electrified

• Belarus
• Russia
• Moldova
• Romania (break-of-gauge: {{RailGauge|1520mm}} / {{RailGauge|1435mm}})
• File:Metro Kharkiv (Sportyvna).jpg station on the Holodnohirsko-Zavodska metro line in Kharkiv]]Hungary (break-of-gauge: {{RailGauge|1520mm}} / {{RailGauge|1435mm}})
• Slovakia (break-of-gauge: {{RailGauge|1520mm}} / {{RailGauge|1435mm}})
• Poland (break-of-gauge: {{RailGauge|1520mm}} / {{RailGauge|1435mm}} plus a standard gauge cross-border cargo line)

In Ukraine, there are 4 metro systems: the Kyiv Metro, the Kharkiv Metro, the Dnipro Metro and the Kryvyi Rih Metro.

{{main|Roads in Ukraine}}

{{see also|Automotive industry in Ukraine|:Category:Bridges in Ukraine}}

Image:Ukraine Major Roads.png

File:Автодорога Київ — Одеса, с. Віта-Поштова 003.jpg / M05 highway near Kyiv.]]

The development of public roads in Ukraine is currently lagging behind the pace of motorisation in the country. During 1990-2010 the length of the highways network hardly increased at all. The density of highways in Ukraine is 6.6 times lower than in France (respectively 0.28 and 1.84 kilometres of roads per square kilometre area of the country). The length of express roads in Ukraine is 0.28 thousand km (in Germany – 12.5 thousand kilometres in France – 7.1 thousand kilometres), and the level of funding for each kilometre of road in Ukraine is around 5.5 – 6 times less than in those locations.

This is due to a number of objective reasons, including that the burden of maintaining the transport network per capita is significantly higher than in European countries because of Ukraine's relatively low population density (76 people per square kilometre), low purchasing power of citizens (1/5 of the Eurozone's purchasing capacity), relatively low car ownership and the nation's large territory.

The operational condition of roads is very poor; around 51.1% of roads do not meet minimum standards, and 39.2% require major rebuilds. The average speed on roads in Ukraine 2–3 times lower than in Western countries.

As of 2016, many of Ukraine's major provincial highways are in very poor condition, with an Ukravtodor official stating that 97% of roads are in need of repair. The road repair budget was set at about ₴20 billion, but corruption causes the budget to be poorly spent and overweight trucks are common place rapidly causing more road damage.{{cite news |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/16/ukraines-broken-road-to-europe/ |title=Ukraine's Broken Road to Europe |author=Dan Peleschuk |newspaper=Foreign Policy |date=16 June 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016}}

• Total: 169,477 km
• Paved: {{convert|164732|km|0|abbr=on}} (including {{convert|15|km|0|abbr=on}} of expressways); note – these roads, classified as "hard-surfaced", include both hard-paved highways and some all-weather gravel-surfaced roads.
• Unpaved: {{convert|4745|km|0|abbr=on}} (2004)

Image:5.1 Russian road sign.svg Motorways in Ukraine, {{convert|193|km|-1|abbr=on}} (2010):

Kyiv – Boryspil | Kharkiv – Dnipro

Image:5.3 Russian road sign.svg State Highways, {{convert|8,080|km|-1|abbr=on}} (2009):

M01 | M02 | M03 | M04 |

M05 | M06 | M07 | M08 | M09 | M10 | M11 | M12 | M13 | M14 | M15 | M16 | M17 | M18 | M19 | M20 | M21 | M22 | M23

Note: State highways are important national routes and are not necessarily high-speed roads

{{Needs expansion|date=February 2024}}

• Autolux Bus

File:UR-PSA.jpg of UIA, one of Ukraine's flag carriers, taxiing at Barcelona (El Prat) Airport]]

{{update|section|date=September 2013}}

The aviation section in Ukraine is developing very quickly, having recently established a visa-free program for EU nationals and citizens of a number of other 'Western' nations,{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrconsul.org/visa/visa_drops.htm|title=Consular Information|access-date=2010-11-12|archive-date=2010-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201111208/http://ukrconsul.org///visa/visa_drops.htm|url-status=dead}} the nation's aviation sector is handling a significantly increased number of travellers. Additionally, the granting of the Euro 2012 football tournament to Poland and Ukraine as joint hosts has prompted the government to invest huge amounts of money into transport infrastructure, and in particular airports.{{cite web | url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/news/0254-0d7c95168e53-446d67122b3e-1000--kharkiv-airport-gets-new-terminal/ | title=Kharkiv airport gets new terminal | access-date=11 September 2013 |author1=Patkevich, Kostyantyn |author2=Sobko, Dmytro | date=28 August 2010 }}

Currently there are three major new airport terminals under construction in Donetsk, Lviv and Kyiv, a new terminal has already opened in Kharkiv and Kyiv's Boryspil International Airport has recently begun operations at Terminal F,{{cite web |url=http://www.kbp.com.ua/english/for-passengers/z-terminalu-f-pochali-zdiysnyuvatisya-mizhnarodni-reysi-2.html |title=Terminal F serviced 30 000 passengers during the first week of its operation |website=kbp.com.ua |access-date=2010-11-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120012938/http://kbp.com.ua/english/for-passengers/z-terminalu-f-pochali-zdiysnyuvatisya-mizhnarodni-reysi-2.html |archive-date=2010-11-20 }} the first of its two new international terminals. Ukraine has a number of airlines, the largest of which is the nation's flag carrier, UIA. Antonov Airlines, a subsidiary of the Antonov Aerospace Design Bureau is the only operator of the world's largest fixed wing aircraft, the An-225.

Donetsk Airport destroyed due to War in Donbass.

New terminal at Odesa International Airport has been opened for arrival flights on April 14, 2017.{{Cite news|url=http://www.rusaviainsider.com/new-terminal-launched-odesa-airport/|title=New terminal launched at Odesa airport – Russian aviation news|date=2017-04-19|work=Russian Aviation Insider|access-date=2018-06-09|language=en-US}}

{{see also|List of airports in Ukraine}}

• Total: 412 (2012)

• Total: 179
• Over 3,047 m: 13
• 2,438 to 3,047 m: 49
• 1,524 to 2,437 m: 22
• 914 to 1,523 m: 6
• Under 914 m: 89 (2012)

Major airports are: Kyiv Boryspil Airport, Dnipro International Airport, Kharkiv Airport, Lviv Airport, Donetsk Airport, Odesa Airport, and Simferopol Airport.

• Total: 233
• 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
• 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
• 914 to 1,523 m: 9
• Under 914 m: 216 (2012)

• Total: 7 (2012)

Image:Kiev River Port 2007.JPG.]]

Image:Moskva Karpati.jpg.]]

{{convert|1672|km|0|abbr=on}} navigable waterways on 7 rivers, most of them are on Danube, Dnieper and Pripyat rivers. All Ukraine's rivers freeze over in winter (usually December through March), limiting navigation. However, river icebreakers are available on the Dnieper, at least in vicinity of Kyiv.{{cite web|url=http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14338802.html|title=Киевскую дамбу может разрушить только метеорит или война — Эксперт|website=www.segodnya.ua}}

The most important waterway of Ukraine{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}.

• Izmail
• Reni Commercial Seaport
• Ust-Danube Commercial Seaport

Dnipro within Ukraine is a regulated system of reservoirs separated by dams with shiplocks. The river is navigable through all its Ukrainian length.

• Cherkasy
• Dnipro
• Kakhovka
• Kremenchuk
• Kyiv River Terminal
• Nikopol
• Zaporizhzhia

Notable riverport Chernobyl is now abandoned due to the Chernobyl disaster, but the waterway retains its importance as part of the Dnieper–Baltic Sea route.

Plans are announced to revitalize commercial freight navigation on the Southern Bug as part of the increasing grain export from Ukraine.[http://delo.ua/business/nibulon-zalozhil-osnovu-sobst-158527/ «НИБУЛОН» заложил основу собственного флота]{{in lang|uk}}

• Total: 134 ships ({{GT|1,000|metric|disp=long}} or over) totaling {{GT|862,690|metric}}/{{DWT|963,550|metric|disp=long}}
• Ships by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo ship 98, chemical tanker 1, passenger ship 6, passenger/cargo ship 5, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo ship 11, specialized tanker 2 (2010)

{{further|List of ports in Ukraine}}

File:Oděsa, přístav.jpg on the Black Sea is the largest seaport in Ukraine.]]

As of July 2013, Ukraine had 18 "marine trade ports" available for foreign ships' entry.{{cite news | url=http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/uk/publish/article?art_id=246499409&cat_id=244276429 | script-title=uk:Уряд затвердив перелік українських морських портів, відкритих для заходження іноземних суден | work=Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine | date=6 July 2013 | access-date=18 September 2013 | language=uk | archive-date=13 December 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213162102/http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/uk/publish/article?art_id=246499409&cat_id=244276429 | url-status=dead }} Some of these "marine trade ports" are actually port conglomerates comprising several non-adjacent ports and tenant private terminals. Major river ports are also considered "marine" international ports.

• Berdiansk (Sea of Azov)
• Agro-CLASS (oil terminal)
• Bilhorod-Dnistrovsky Seaport (Black Sea)
• Port Buhaz (auxiliary)
• Theodosia (Black Sea)
• Chornomorsk (Black Sea) (Ukrferry: Odesa — Istanbul / Derince / Haifa / Varna)
• Aldi (specialized complex)
• Chornomorsk Fuel Terminal
• Chem-Oil-Transit-Ukraine
• Trans Bulk Terminal (grain complex)
• Ship Maintenance Factory
• Fishing port
• Izmail (Danube river / Black Sea)
• Triton Services Agency Ukraine (oil pier)
• Portoflot (specialized terminal)
• Kerch (Black Sea)
• Zaliv Shipbuilding yard
• Port Krym (ferry: Kerch — Port Kavkaz (Russia))
• Fishing port
• Oil terminal of fishing port
• TES-Terminal
• Port Kamysh-Burun{{cite web|url=http://www.altcom.ua/burun|title=Порт "Камыш-Бурун"|website=www.altcom.ua}} (Azov Sea)
• Kherson (Dnipro river / Black Sea)
• Kherson Shipyard
• All-Ukrainian Industrial Union
• Palada
• Mariupol (Sea of Azov)
• Metallurgy Complex Azovstal
• Ship Maintenance Factory
• Freight terminal of ship maintenance factory
• Mykolaiv (Southern Bug river / Black Sea)
• Freight terminal of Nika-Terra
• Freight terminal of Okean
• Freight terminal of Black Sea Shipyard
• Freight terminal of Mykolaiv Alumina Factory
• Freight terminal of Nibulon
• Freight terminal of Greentour-ex
• Port of Mykolaiv Grain Elevator (grain terminal)
• Port Ochakiv
• Dnipro-Buh Sea Terminal
• Olvia (in Mykolaiv, Southern Bug river / Black Sea), a "specialized" weapons-transiting port{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/ukrainian-port-eyed-as-analysts-seek-syrias-arms-source/2013/09/07/f61b0082-1710-11e3-a2ec-b47e45e6f8ef_story_2.html | title=Ukrainian port eyed as analysts seek Syria's arms source | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=8 September 2013 | access-date=9 September 2013 | author=Warrick, Joby}}{{cite web | url=http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/maps/UKR_Port_of_Oktyabrsk_1575.php | title=Port of Oktyabrsk | publisher=World Port Source}}
• Port of Odesa (Black Sea)
• Reni (Danube river / Black Sea)
• Port of Sevastopol (Black Sea)
• Port Balaklava (auxiliary)
• Skadovsk (Black Sea)
• Port Khorly (auxiliary)
• Port Henichesk (auxiliary)
• Ust-Dunaisk (Vylkove) (Danube river / Black Sea)
• Port of Kiliya
• Yalta (Black Sea)
• Pivdenne (Black Sea)
• Trans invest service
• Trans invest service (containers)
• Sea Side (Ukraine)
• UkrTransNafta (oil terminal)
• Borivage (grain terminal)
• Transbunker-Yuzhny
• Yevpatoria (Black Sea)

• Donuzlav (Black Sea)
• Chornomorske (Black Sea) – Ukraine's offshore drilling base port

• Delta Lotsman, the maritime pilot company serving the territorial waters of Ukraine
• "Derzhhidrohrafiya" (State Hydro Geography),{{cite web|url=http://www.hydrography.com.ua/|title=Парковая страница Imena.UA|website=www.hydrography.com.ua}} a scientific-production complex of hydro-geographical state companies and science-research center "Ukrmorkartohrafiya" (all lighthouses located in Ukraine belong to the institution){{cite web|url=http://ua.comments.ua/politics/158215-yezhel-vimagaie-povernuti-ukraini.html|title=Єжель вимагає повернути Україні маяки в Криму|website=comments.ua}} The Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation refuses to surrender former Soviet navigational facilities since 1997
• Maritime Security Agency{{cite web|url=http://www.dp-amb.kiev.ua/index_eng.htm|title=Official website of the Maritime Security Agency|website=dp-amb.kiev.ua|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821172718/http://dp-amb.kiev.ua/index_eng.htm|archive-date=2013-08-21}} in correspondence of the SOLAS International Convention (including its amendment the ISPS Code)
• Shipping registry of Ukraine
• Port registry of Ukraine

• UkrFerry
• Ukrrichflot
• Ukrainian Danube Shipping, freight and passenger transportation company (primarily Danube river delta)
• Black Sea Shipping Company, freight and passenger transportation company

• Ship building and maintenance companies of Ukraine{{cite web|url=http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1256-2005-%D0%BF|title=Про затвердження переліку суднобудівних підприємств, для я... - від 21.12.2005 № 1256|website=zakon4.rada.gov.ua}}

File:Ammiakoprovod NS.jpg pipeline, running from the TogliattiAzot plant in Russia to Odesa in Ukraine.]]

{{expand section|date=September 2013}}

{{See also|Russia–Ukraine gas disputes}}

• natural gas {{convert|36493|km|0|abbr=on}} (2010)
• crude oil {{convert|4514|km|0|abbr=on}} (2010)
• petroleum products {{convert|4211|km|0|abbr=on}} (2010)
• ammonia

The natural gas transport-system can take in a maximum of 288 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year. Its annual output capacity is 178.5 billion cubic meters, including 142.2 billion to be forwarded to European countries.[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/52859/ Natural gas transit through Ukraine down 24.8% year on year], Kyiv Post (November 16, 2009)

• List of the busiest airports in Ukraine
• Transport in Kyiv

{{reflist|30em}}

{{expand section|date=September 2013}}

• [http://fleetphoto.ru/owners/ Shipowners database], arranged by country ({{in lang|ru}})
• [http://lighthouse.org.ua/ All lighthouses of Ukraine]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20130322060352/http://proukraine.net.ua/transport/water_transport/water_transport.htm Informational-reference website "Ukraine"]

{{Roads in Ukraine}}

{{Seaports of Ukraine}}

{{Ukraine topics}}

{{Transportation in Europe}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport In Ukraine}}