Treaty of Passarowitz
{{short description|1718 peace treaty ending the Ottoman-Venetian and Austro-Turkish Wars}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Refimprove|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox treaty
| name = Treaty of Passarowitz
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| image = Tamis banat1718 1739.png
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| caption = The central Balkans in 1718. Territories passed from the Turks to the Habsburg monarchy were:
{{legend|#F6DEDE|Banat of Temeswar}}
{{legend|#F5F5CB|Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia}}
{{legend|#EDE775|Northern Bosnia}}
Territory passed from Wallachia to the Habsburg Monarchy:
{{legend|#D8CAC1|Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia)}}
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| context = {{plainlist}}
{{endplainlist}}
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| date_drafted =
| date_signed = {{Start date|1718|7|21|df=y}}
| location_signed = Passarowitz, Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia (now Požarevac, Serbia)
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| mediators =
- {{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}}
- {{flag|United Provinces}}
| negotiators =
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| parties =
- {{flag|Ottoman Empire|1453}}
- {{flag|Holy Roman Empire}}
- {{flag|Republic of Venice}}
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| depositories =
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The Treaty of Passarowitz, or Treaty of Požarevac, was the peace treaty signed in Požarevac ({{lang-sr-cyr|Пожаревац}}, {{langx|de|Passarowitz}}, {{langx|tr|Pasarofça}}), a town that was in the Ottoman Empire but is now in Serbia, on 21 July 1718 between the Ottoman Empire and its adversaries, the Habsburg monarchy and the Republic of Venice.{{sfn|Peters|2011|p=39-50}}{{sfn|Ágoston|2011|p=93–108}}
The treaty saw the cession of several Ottoman territories to the Habsburgs, and it was regarded in its time as an extraordinary success and source of pride in Vienna.{{sfn|Setton|1991|p=449–450}} The treaty marked the end of Ottoman occupation within the Kingdom of Hungary with the cession of Belgrade, Syrmia and the Eyalet of Temesvár.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017 |title=Passarowitz, 1718-2018 |url=https://www.daad.cam.ac.uk/workshops/passarowitz-1718-2018 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=University of Cambridge |language=en}}
Background
Between 1714 and 1718, the Ottomans had been successful against Venice in Ottoman Greece and Crete (Ottoman–Venetian War) but had been defeated at Petrovaradin (1716) by the Habsburg troops of Prince Eugene of Savoy (Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718).
Peace was arranged with the intervention of Great Britain and the Dutch Republic, and the treaty was signed by Sir Robert Sutton and Jacob Colyer on behalf of their governments.{{sfn|Setton|1991|p=449}}
The other signatories were
- Damian Hugo, Count of Virmont and Michael von Talmann for the Habsburg monarchy,
- Vendramino Bianchi and Carlo Ruzzini for Venice
- Silindar Ibrahim–aga and Mehmed–efendija for the Ottoman Empire.
Terms
The Ottoman Empire lost the Banat of Temeswar, western Wallachia, northern Serbia (including the fortress town of Belgrade), and northern part of Bosnia, namely the region of Posavina to the Habsburgs.{{sfn|Setton|1991|p=449}} The Habsburgs also received assurances that their merchants could operate in the Ottoman domain and that Catholic priests would regain revoked privileges, which allowed the Habsburg emperor to interfere in Ottoman affairs through connections with the church community and by championing the Catholic faith.{{Cite book|last=Kia|first=Mehrdad|title=The Ottoman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2017|isbn=978-1610693899|volume=1|location=Santa Barbara, California|pages=44|language=English}}
Venice ceded the Morea, its last remaining outposts in Crete, and the islands of Aegina and Tinos. Venice retained only the Ionian Islands (with Ottoman-occupied Kythira added to them), and the cities of Preveza and Arta on the Epirote mainland. In Dalmatia, Venice made some small advances by taking the areas of Imotski and Vrgorac in the Hinterland.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
Aftermath
File:Treaty of Passarowitz 01.jpg
The treaty gave the Habsburgs control over the northern part of present-day Serbia, which they had temporarily occupied during the Great Turkish War between 1688 and 1690. The Habsburgs established the Kingdom of Serbia as a crown land. The Habsburgs also formed the Banat into another crown land.{{sfn|Ćirković|2004|p=151}}
Habsburg control lasted 21 years, when the Turks won the Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39). In the 1739 Treaty of Belgrade, the Ottoman Empire regained northern Bosnia, Habsburg Serbia (including Belgrade) and southern parts of the Banat of Temeswar, and Oltenia was returned to Wallachia.
See also
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
{{Refbegin|30em}}
- {{Cite book|last=Ágoston|first=Gábor|chapter=The Ottoman Wars and the Changing Balance of Power along the Danube in the Early Eighteenth Century|title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718|year=2011|location=West Lafayette|publisher=Purdue University Press|pages=93–108|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7F3yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT99}}
- {{Cite book|last=Ćirković|first=Sima|author-link=Sima Ćirković|year=2004|title=The Serbs|location=Malden|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC}}
- {{Cite book|last=Dabić|first=Vojin S.|chapter=The Habsburg-Ottoman War of 1716-1718 and Demographic Changes in the War-Afflicted Territories|title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718|year=2011|location=West Lafayette|publisher=Purdue University Press|pages=191–208|isbn=978-1-61249-195-0 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7F3yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT196}}
- {{Cite book|last1=Heppner|first1=Harald|last2=Schanes|first2=Daniela|chapter=The Impact of the Treaty of Passarowitz on the Habsburg Monarchy|title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718|year=2011|location=West Lafayette|publisher=Purdue University Press|pages=53-62|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7F3yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT53}}
- {{Cite book|last=Hochedlinger|first=Michael|year=2013|title=Austria's Wars of Emergence: War, State and Society in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1683–1797|location=London & New York|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qbpACwAAQBAJ}}
- {{Cite book|last=Murphey|first=Rhoads|chapter=Twists and Turns in the Diplomatic Dialogue: the Politics of Peacemaking in the Early Eighteenth Century|title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718|year=2011|location=West Lafayette|publisher=Purdue University Press|pages=73-91|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7F3yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT73}}
- {{Cite book|last=Peters|first=Martin|chapter=The Peace of Passarowitz in the Historical Sciences, 1718-1829|title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718|year=2011|location=West Lafayette|publisher=Purdue University Press|pages=39-50|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7F3yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT39}}
- {{Cite book|last=Shapira|first=Dan D. Y.|chapter=The Crimean Tatars and the Austro-Ottoman Wars|title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718|year=2011|location=West Lafayette|publisher=Purdue University Press|pages=131-140|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7F3yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT131}}
- {{cite book|last=Setton|first=Kenneth Meyer|title=Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century|publisher=American Philosophical Society|year=1991|isbn=0871691922|location=Philadelphia}}
{{refend}}
External links
{{Commons category|Treaty of Passarowitz}}
- {{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9058654/Treaty-of-Passarowitz |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Treaty of Passarowitz|date=14 July 2023 }}
- [https://archive.org/stream/generalcollectio00lond#page/400/mode/2up/ Text of treaty in English]
{{Ottoman treaties}}
{{Požarevac}}
Category:Serbia under Habsburg rule
Category:Ottoman period in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Category:1718 in the Ottoman Empire
Category:1718 in the Republic of Venice
Category:1718 in the Habsburg monarchy