Bosnia Eyalet

{{Short description|Administrative division of the Ottoman Empire from 1580 to 1867}}

{{Infobox Former Subdivision

| native_name = {{native name|ota|ایالت بوسنه}}
Eyālet-i Bōsnâ
{{native name|tr|Bosna Eyaleti}}
{{native name|sh|Bosanski pašaluk}}

| common_name = Bosnia Eyalet

| conventional_long_name = Bosnia Eyalet

| subdivision = Eyalet

| nation = the Ottoman Empire

| image_flag =

| year_start = 1580

| year_end = 1867

| p1 = Sanjak of Bosnia

| flag_p1 = Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg

| s1 = Bosnia Vilayet

| flag_s1 = Flag of Independent Bosnia (1878).svg

| capital = Bosna-Saray (1520–1533)
Banja Luka
{{small|(1553–1639)}}
Bosna-Saray (1639–1699)
Travnik
{{small|(1699–1832)}}

| today = Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia
Serbia
Montenegro

| image_map = Bosnia Eyalet, Central europe 1683.png

| image_map_caption = The Bosnia Eyalet in 1683

| stat_year1 = 1732

| stat_area1 =

| stat_pop1 = 340,000

| stat_year2 = 1787

| stat_area2 =

| stat_pop2 = 600,000

| stat_year3 = 1856{{cite book|title=Lippincott's Pronouncing Gazetteer: A Complete Pronouncing Gazetteer Or ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FN0TAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1968|page=1968|year=1856|last1=Thomas|first1=Joseph|last2=Baldwin|first2=Thomas}}

| stat_area3 =

| footnotes =

| demonym =

| flag = Flag of Independent Bosnia (1878).svg

}}

The Eyalet of Bosnia[https://books.google.com/books?id=UAVCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT111 The English Cyclopaedia: Geography] By Charles Knight ({{langx|ota|ایالت بوسنه|Eyālet-i Bōsnâ}};{{Cite web|title=geonames - Provinces of the Ottoman Empire|url=https://www.geonames.de/coutr-ota-provinces.html|access-date=2020-12-18|website=www.geonames.de}}{{Google books|QjzYdCxumFcC|page=91|Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire}} By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters {{Langx|tr|Bosna Eyaleti}}; {{langx|sh|Bosanski pašaluk}}), was an eyalet (administrative division, also known as a beylerbeylik) of the Ottoman Empire, mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prior to the Great Turkish War, it had also included most of Slavonia, Lika, and Dalmatia in present-day Croatia. Its reported area in 1853 was {{convert|20281|sqmi|km2|order=flip}}.{{Google books|zSNUAAAAYAAJ|The Popular encyclopedia: or, conversations lexicon, Volume 6|page=698}}

Background

After the execution of King Stephen Tomašević in 1463, the central part of the Kingdom of Bosnia was transformed into the sanjak of Bosnia. The Duchy of Herzegovina was added in 1483.

History

=Establishment=

In 1580, Ferhad Pasha Sokolović became the first governor of the Bosnia Eyalet, as beylerbey (also referred to as "pasha").{{cite book|author=Istorisko društvo Bosne i Hercegovine|title=Godišnjak|volume=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f04iAAAAMAAJ|year=1952|quote=... босанског ејалета именован је Ферхад-паша Соколовић (1580 — 1588) који је дотле био санџак-бег босански (1574 — 1580). Поред босанског санмака под власт босанског беглербега подвргнуто је још девет санџака који су дотле били у саставу румелиског или будим- ског ејалета. Уз босански санџак који је сада постао централна облает босанског пашалука овоме су ејалету одмах припојени сан- џаци: херцеговачки, вучитрнски, призренски, клишки, крчки и па- крачки, који су тада били издвојени из румелиског ејатета, и зворнички и пожешки, који су били издвсјени избудмскогејалета.Тако се босански беглербеглук, ејалет или пашалук у почетку свога оп- стојања састојао од десет санџака.}} The Bosnia Eyalet (or Pashaluk) included the Sanjak of Bosnia (central province), Sanjak of Herzegovina, Sanjak of Viçitrina, Sanjak of Prizren, Sanjak of Klis, Sanjak of Krka, and Sanjak of Pakrac.

File:Bosnia Eyalet, Ottoman Empire (1609).png

The Ottoman wars in Europe continued throughout the period, and the province reached its territorial peak in 1683.

=Decline=

The Great Turkish War that ended in Ottoman defeat in 1699 led to a significant decrease in the territory of the Eyalet, losing all the Slavonian sanjaks ("Požeški sandžak" and "Pakrački sandžak"), the sanjak of Lika and big parts of the Dalmatian coast from the sanjaks of Klisa and Herzegovina. The Eyalet lost three sanjaks and suppressed one (the sanjak of Bihać): after the Treaty of Karlowitz, the province was down to four sanjaks (three of them diminished in size as well) and twelve captaincies. Before the Treaty of Passarowitz, another 28 military captaincies were formed, more than half of them along the frontier. This kind of intensive military administration corresponded to the Austrian Military Frontier on the other side of the same border. In 1703 the seat of the pasha was moved from Sarajevo to Travnik, because Sarajevo had been destroyed by fire in the war; it wouldn't be moved back until 1850.{{Google books|V9DtlRfO6JMC|page=15|Territorial proposals for the settlement of the war in Bosnia-Hercegovina}} By Mladen Klemenčić

=Bosnian uprising=

File:Husein Gradaščević.jpg was declared the governor of the Eyalet of Bosnia in 1831 and revolted against the Ottomans in a bid to secure Bosnian independence.]]{{main|Bosnian uprising}}

File:Bosanski Ejalet (Bosnia Eyalet).png

At the beginning of the 19th century, Bosnia was one of the least developed and more autonomous provinces of the Empire.{{Google books|Rf8P-7ExoKYC|page=84|Religious separation and political intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina}} By Mitja Velikonja In 1831, Bosnian kapudan Husein Gradaščević, after meeting in Tuzla with Bosnian aristocrats from 20 January to 5 February for preparations, finally occupied Travnik, demanding autonomy and the end of military reforms in Bosnia. Ultimately, exploiting the rivalries between beys and kapudans, the grand vizier succeeded in detaching the Herzegovinian forces, led by Ali-paša Rizvanbegović, from Gradaščević's. The revolt was crushed, and in 1833, a new eyalet of Herzegovina was created from the southern part of the eyalet of Bosnia and given to Ali-paša Rizvanbegović as a reward for his contribution in crushing the uprising. This new entity lasted only for a few years: after Rizvanbegović's death, it was reintegrated into the Bosnia eyalet.

It was one of the first Ottoman provinces to become a vilayet after an administrative reform in 1865, and by 1867 it had been reformed into the Bosnia Vilayet.{{cite book|title=Almanach de Gotha: annuaire généalogique, diplomatique et statistique|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luUq1szHJWYC&pg=PA829|access-date=2013-06-01|year=1867|publisher=J. Perthes|pages=827–829}}

Administration

=Administrative divisions=

width="50%" |Administrative division of the eyalet of Bosnia before 1699 were as follows:Orhan Kılıç, XVII. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'nin Eyalet ve Sancak Teşkilatlanması, Osmanlı, Cilt 6: Teşkilât, Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, Ankara, 1999, {{ISBN|975-6782-09-9}}, p. 91. {{in lang|tr}}

Sanjak of Bosnia (Paşa Sancağı, Sarajevo (Sarabosna))
Sanjak of Herzegovina (Hersek Sancağı, Mostar)
Sanjak of Zvornik (İzvornik Sancağı, Zvornik)
Sanjak of Krka-Lika (Kırka Sancağı, Krka-Lika)
Sanjak of Klis (Kilis Sancağı, Klis (Kilis), after mid-16th century Livno (İhlevne){{cite book|publisher=Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti|title=Starine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRwSAAAAIAAJ|year=1962|page=347|quote=Od druge polovice XVI stoljeca Klis kao da gubi vaznost u poredbi s Livnom. Otada pocinje sandzak-beg kliski stanovati u Livnu. Sama gradska posada u Klisu jos je jaka, broji do 400 ratnika.|language=hr}})
Pakrac-Cernica (Zaçesne Ocaklılığı, Cernik)
Sanjak of Bihke (Bihke Sancağı, Bihać)

| width="50%" |At the beginning of the 19th century, Bosnia was composed of 7 sanjaks:

=Capitals=

Bosnia Eyalet's capital city moved several times:

Travnik (1553; 1697–1833; 1839/40–1851){{cite news | url = http://www.bhdani.com/arhiva/246/t24605.shtml | language = bs | title = Travnik, poligon historije - Nimalo slučajan grad | author = Muharem Bazdulj | newspaper = BH Dani | date = 2002-03-01 | access-date = 2010-08-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100529162339/http://www.bhdani.com/arhiva/246/t24605.shtml | archive-date = 2010-05-29 | url-status = usurped }}
Banja Luka (Banyaluka or Banaluka) (1553–1638){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
Sarajevo (Saray Bosna) (1639–1697;{{cite web | url = http://www.camo.ch/bojpodbl.htm | language = bs | title = Boj pod Banjalukom (1737.) | author = Zlatko Lukić | access-date = 2010-08-10 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100830004624/http://www.camo.ch/bojpodbl.htm | archive-date = 2010-08-30 }} 1833–1839/40;Ahmed Aličić Uređenje bosanskog ejaleta od 1789. do 1878., Orijentalni Institut u Sarajevu, Sarajevo, 1983, p 35.Šabanović, H. Bosanski pašaluk, ND BiH, Sarajevo, 1959. 1851–1878)

=Governors=

References

Sources

{{cite book | ref = Ibrahimagić | last = Ibrahimagić | first = Omer | title = Constitutional development of Bosnia and Herzegovina | url = http://www.camo.ch/PDFO/OmerBiH.pdf | year = 1998 | publisher = Vijeće kongresa bošnjačkih intelektualaca | location = Sarajevo | isbn = 9958-47-030-6 | access-date = 2013-01-10 | archive-date = 2018-04-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180417152656/http://www.camo.ch/PDFO/OmerBiH.pdf | url-status = dead }}