Trina Robbins

{{Infobox comics creator

| image = Trina robbins 1982 (cropped).png

| caption = Robbins in 1982

| birth_name = Trina Perlson

| birth_date = {{birth date|1938|08|17}}

| birth_place = New York City, U.S.

| death_date = {{death date and age|2024|04|10|1938|08|17}}

| death_place = San Francisco, California, U.S.

| nationality =

| cartoonist = y

| write = y

| art = y

| pencil =

| ink =

| edit = y

| publish =

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| notable works = It Ain't Me, Babe
Wimmen's Comix
Wonder Woman
Women and the Comics

| awards = {{unbulleted list|Inkpot Award (1977)|Special John Buscema Haxtur Award (2002)|Will Eisner Hall of Fame (2013)}}

| website = {{URL|https://trinarobbins.wordpress.com/}}

| spouse =

| children =

}}

Trina Robbins ({{nee}} Perlson; August 17, 1938 – April 10, 2024) was an American cartoonist. She was an early participant in the underground comix movement, and one of the first women in the movement. She co-produced the 1970 underground comic It Ain't Me, Babe, which was the first comic book entirely created by women. She co-founded the Wimmen's Comix collective, wrote for Wonder Woman, and produced adaptations of Dope and The Silver Metal Lover. She was inducted into the Will Eisner Hall of Fame in 2013 and received Eisner Awards in 2017 and 2021.

As a scholar and historian, Robbins researched the history of women in cartooning. She wrote several nonfiction books including Women and the Comics (1985), A Century of Women Cartoonists (1993), The Great Women Superheroes (1996), From Girls to Grrrlz (1999), Pretty In Ink (2013), and Flapper Queens: Women Cartoonists of the Jazz Age (2020). She co-founded the organization Friends of Lulu in 1993.

Early life and education

Trina Perlson was born on August 17, 1938, in Brooklyn, New York City,{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Robbins, Trina 1938– |series=Contemporary Authors New Revision Series |publisher=Gale |year=2005 |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/robbins-trina-1938 |access-date=November 24, 2022 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia.com |archive-date=June 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054730/https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/robbins-trina-1938 |url-status=live }} to Jewish immigrants originally from Belarus.{{cite news |last1=Trouvé |first1=Pierre |last2=Croquet |first2=Pauline |title=Trina Robbins, comic book author and feminist historian, has died at 85 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/culture/article/2024/04/11/trina-robbins-comic-book-author-and-feminist-historian-has-died_6668155_30.html |work=Le Monde |date=April 11, 2024 |language=en |access-date=April 13, 2024 |archive-date=April 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413185659/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/culture/article/2024/04/11/trina-robbins-comic-book-author-and-feminist-historian-has-died_6668155_30.html |url-status=live }} Her mother was an elementary school teacher and her father was a tailor. She grew up in South Ozone Park, Queens,{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Harrison |title=Trina Robbins, cartoonist who elevated women's stories, dies at 85 |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/trina-robbins-cartoonist-who-elevated-women-s-stories-dies-at-85/ar-BB1lxwJu |newspaper=Washington Post |date=April 12, 2024 |access-date=April 13, 2024 |archive-date=April 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413021210/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/trina-robbins-cartoonist-who-elevated-women-s-stories-dies-at-85/ar-BB1lxwJu |url-status=live }} and held an early fascination with comic book heroines, especially Sheena, Queen of the Jungle. As a teenager, she attended science fiction fan conventions.

Robbins attended Queens College in New York, and dropped out. She then attended Cooper Union for a year, where she studied drawing. She moved to California in 1960, settling in Los Angeles where she was a nude model for men's magazines. She returned to New York in 1966 and lived in Manhattan's East Village, where she worked as a stylist and ran a clothing boutique called "Broccoli". In the late 1960s, she designed clothes for Mama Cass, Donovan, David Crosby, among others.{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodhangover.com/htm_files/part_eight.htm |title=Fresh Photos – Part Eight |publisher=Hollywoodhangover.com |access-date=June 9, 2017 |archive-date=March 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316113841/http://www.hollywoodhangover.com/htm_files/part_eight.htm |url-status=live }} She was intimately involved in the 1960s rock scene, where she was close friends with Jim Morrison and members of The Byrds. Robbins was the first of the three "Ladies of the Canyon" in Joni Mitchell's classic song from the album of the same name.{{sfn|Weller|2008|p=293}}

Career

= Early work =

Robbins was an active member of science fiction fandom in the 1950s and 1960s. Her illustrations appeared in science fiction fanzines like the Hugo-nominated Habakkuk.{{cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=Ray |title=The Arena |journal=Habakkuk |date=Spring 1994 |volume=3 |issue=3 |page=44 |url=https://fanac.org/fanzines/Habakkuk/Habakkuk0303.pdf |access-date=April 13, 2024 |archive-date=November 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116174821/https://fanac.org/fanzines/Habakkuk/Habakkuk0303.pdf |url-status=live }}

= Comics =

Robbins' first comics were printed in the East Village Other in 1966;{{cite web |last1=Robbins |first1=Trina |title=Finding Sanctuary at EVO |url=https://nyujournalismprojects.org/eastvillageother/recollections/robbins |website=nyujournalismprojects.org |publisher=East Village Other |access-date=April 13, 2024 |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007062440/https://nyujournalismprojects.org/eastvillageother/recollections/robbins |url-status=live }} she also contributed to the spin-off underground comic Gothic Blimp Works in 1969. That same year, she designed a one-piece costume for the Warren Publishing character Vampirella for artist Frank Frazetta in Vampirella #1 (September 1969).{{cite web|url=http://www.enjolrasworld.com/Richard%20Arndt/The%20Warren%20Magazines%20Index%20Only.htm | first=Richard J.|last=Arndt|title=The Warren Magazines| publisher=EnjolrasWorld.com | date = September 22, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710194128/http://enjolrasworld.com/Richard%20Arndt/The%20Warren%20Magazines%20Index%20Only.htm| archive-date=July 10, 2011}}

Robbins left New York for San Francisco in 1970, and worked at the feminist underground newspaper It Ain't Me, Babe. The same year, she produced the first all-woman comic book, the one-shot It Ain't Me, Babe Comix with fellow female artist Barbara "Willy" Mendes. The book is a feminist satire on gender stereotypes in comics. {{sfn|Krensky|2007|p=74}}{{sfn|Kaplan|2006|p=79}}{{Cite web|title=Women Who Conquered the Comics World|url=https://www.collectorsweekly.com/articles/women-who-conquered-the-comics-world/|last=Hix|first=Lisa|website=Collectors Weekly|language=en|access-date=May 28, 2020|archive-date=August 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809085109/https://www.collectorsweekly.com/articles/women-who-conquered-the-comics-world/|url-status=live}} Robbins became involved in creating outlets for and promoting female comics artists, through projects such as the comics anthology Wimmen's Comix, with which she was involved for twenty years. Wimmen's Comix #1 featured Robbins' "Sandy Comes Out", the first comic strip featuring an "out" lesbian.{{sfn|Kaplan|2006|p=86}}{{cite journal|last=Bernstein |first=Robin |title=Where Women Rule: The World of Lesbian Cartoons |journal=The Harvard Gay & Lesbian Review |date=Summer 1994|volume=1|issue=3|page=20|issn=1077-6591|lccn=sn94005292}} During this time, Robbins also became a contributor to the San Francisco-based underground paper Good Times, along with art director Harry Driggs and Guy Colwell.Robbins, Trina. Last Girl Standing (Fantagraphics Books, 2017), pp. 139, 142.

Robbins spoke out against the misogyny and "boy's club" of comics creators, criticizing underground comix artist Robert Crumb for the perceived misogyny of many of his comics, saying, "It's weird to me how willing people are to overlook the hideous darkness in Crumb's work ... What the hell is funny about rape and murder?"Sabin, Roger (1996). "Going underground". Comics, Comix & Graphic Novels: A History Of Comic Art. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon Press. p. 92. {{ISBN|0-7148-3008-9}}.

File:Trina Robbins San Diego Comic Con 1982 2.jpg]]

In the early 1980s, Robbins created adaptations of Sax Rohmer's Dope and Tanith Lee's The Silver Metal Lover.{{cite news |last1=Riesman |first1=Abraham |title=The Story of Trina Robbins, the Controversial Feminist Who Revolutionized Comics |url=https://www.vulture.com/2018/04/meet-trina-robbins-the-feminist-who-revolutionized-comics.html |work=Vulture |date=April 18, 2018 |language=en |access-date=April 13, 2024 |archive-date=April 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408184646/https://www.vulture.com/2018/04/meet-trina-robbins-the-feminist-who-revolutionized-comics.html |url-status=live }} In the mid-1980s she wrote and drew Misty for the Marvel Comics children's imprint Star Comics.{{cite news |last1=Cronin |first1=Brian |title=Trina Robbins, Iconic Comic Book Creator and Historian, Passes Away at Age 85 |url=https://www.cbr.com/trina-robbins-iconic-comic-book-creator-historian-obituary/ |work=CBR |date=April 11, 2024 |language=en}} The short-lived series was a reinterpretation of the long-standing character Millie the Model, now minding her niece Misty. She followed Misty with the similar California Girls, an eight-issue series published by Eclipse Comics in 1987–1988.{{sfn|Kaplan|2006|p=89}}

In 1990, Robbins edited and contributed to Choices: A Pro-Choice Benefit Comic Anthology for the National Organization for Women, published under Robbins' own imprint, Angry Isis Press.{{cite book |last1=Warren |first1=Rosalind |title=Women's Glibber: State-of-the-art Women's Humor |date=1992 |publisher=Crossing Press |isbn=978-0-89594-549-5 |page=308 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubPmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22trina%20robbins%22%20Choices%3A%20A%20Pro-Choice%20Benefit%20Comic%20Anthology%20for%20the%20National%20Organization%20for%20Women |language=en}} The all-star list of contributors, who were mostly but not all women, included representatives of the underground — Lee Marrs, Sharon Rudahl, Harry Driggs, Diane Noomin, Harry S. Robins, and Robbins herself; alternative — Nina Paley, Phoebe Gloeckner, Reed Waller & Kate Worley, Roberta Gregory, Norman Dog, and Steve Lafler; queer — Leslie Ewing, Jennifer Camper, Alison Bechdel, Angela Bocage, Jackie Urbanovic, Howard Cruse, Robert Triptow, and M. J. Goldberg; and mainstream — Cynthia Martin, Barbara Slate, Mindy Newell, Ramona Fradon, Steve Leialoha, William Messner-Loebs, and Bill Koeb — comics communities. A number of contributors — Nicole Hollander, Cathy Guisewite, Garry Trudeau, Bill Griffith, and Jules Feiffer — were comic strip creators whose work in the anthology was reprinted from their syndicated strips.

In 2000 Robbins introduced GoGirl! — superhero stories designed to appeal to young girls. Robbins wrote the stories, with Anne Timmons providing the bulk of the art. The series ran for five issues with Image Comics, and then was picked up by Dark Horse Comics, with the final issue coming out in 2006.{{cite book |last1=Kaplan |first1=Arie |title=From Krakow to Krypton: Jews and Comic Books |date=2010 |publisher=Jewish Publication Society |isbn=978-0-8276-1043-9 |pages=198–199 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8aH3H7DC6BQC&dq=%22trina%20robbins%22%20%22GoGirl%22&pg=PA198 |language=en}}

File:Trina_Robbins_2010.jpg]]

In 2010, she began writing comic adventures of the woman detective character Honey West for a series published by Moonstone Books.{{cite journal |last1=Robbins |first1=Trina |last2=Stuller |first2=Jennifer K. |title=Focus on Trina Robbins |journal=Feminist Media Histories |date=2018 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=119–134 |doi=10.1525/fmh.2018.4.3.119}}

== Wonder Woman ==

Robbins' official involvement with Wonder Woman began in 1986. At the conclusion of the first volume of the series (in conjunction with the series Crisis on Infinite Earths), DC Comics published a four-issue limited series titled The Legend of Wonder Woman, written by Kurt Busiek and drawn by Robbins. The series paid homage to the character's Golden Age roots.{{cite book |last1=Hanley |first1=Tim |title=Wonder Woman Unbound: The Curious History of the World's Most Famous Heroine |date=2014 |publisher=Chicago Review Press |isbn=978-1-61374-909-8 |page=228 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D-AEAwAAQBAJ&dq=%22trina%20robbins%22%20%22the%20legend%20of%20wonder%20woman%22&pg=PA228 |language=en}} She also appeared as herself in Wonder Woman Annual 2 (1989).{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Jenna |title=Trina Robbins, Legendary Cartoonist and Wonder Woman Artist, Passes Away at 85 |url=https://comicbook.com/comics/news/trina-robbins-legendary-cartoonist-wonder-woman-artist-passes-away-85/ |publisher=ComicBook |language=en |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=April 11, 2024 |archive-date=April 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411013606/https://comicbook.com/comics/news/trina-robbins-legendary-cartoonist-wonder-woman-artist-passes-away-85/ |url-status=live }}

In the mid-1990s, Robbins criticized artist Mike Deodato's "bad girl art" portrayal of Wonder Woman, calling Deodato's version of the character a "barely clothed hypersexual pinup."Trina Robbins, The Great Women Superheroes (Kitchen Sink Press, 1996) {{ISBN|0-87816-481-2}}, p. 166.

In the late 1990s, Robbins collaborated with Colleen Doran on the DC Comics graphic novel Wonder Woman: The Once and Future Story, on the subject of spousal abuse.{{cite book |last1=Stuller |first1=Jennifer K. |title=Ink-stained Amazons and Cinematic Warriors: Superwomen in Modern Mythology |date=2010 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-85773-208-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=waWmDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22trina%20robbins%22%20Wonder%20Woman%20%22Once%20and%20Future%22&pg=PT288 |language=en}}

= Writing and activism =

In addition to her comics work, Robbins was an author of nonfiction books on the history of women in cartooning. Her first book, co-written with Catherine Yronwode, was Women and the Comics, a history of female comic-strip and comic-book creators. Subsequent Robbins volumes on women in the comics industry include A Century of Women Cartoonists (Kitchen Sink, 1993), The Great Women Superheroes (Kitchen Sink, 1997), From Girls to Grrrlz: A History of Women's Comics from Teens to Zines (Chronicle, 1999), and The Great Women Cartoonists (Watson-Guptill, 2001). Her later work included Pretty In Ink, published by Fantagraphics in 2013, which covers the history of North American women in comics dating from Rose O'Neill's 1896 strip The Old Subscriber Calls. Robbins was a co-founder of Friends of Lulu,Wilonsky, Robert (May 18, 2000). "Fatal femmes: Why do women in comics become Women in Refrigerators?". Dallas Observer. a nonprofit formed in 1994 to promote readership of comic books by women and the participation of women in the comic book industry. Robbins is featured in the feminist history film She's Beautiful When She's Angry.{{cite web|url=http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/women/|title=The Women|work=She's Beautiful When She's Angry|access-date=March 11, 2024|archive-date=February 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219192734/http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/women|url-status=live}}

Personal life and death

In 1962, she married Paul Jay Robbins in Los Angeles, but they divorced four years later. Robbins also had a daughter with cartoonist Kim Deitch.{{cite web|title=Trina Robbins, Creator and Historian of Comic Books, Dies at 85|url=https://nytimes.com/2024/04/10/arts/trina-robbins-dead.html|date=April 10, 2024|last=Edwards|first=Gavin|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 11, 2024|archive-date=April 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411033453/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/10/arts/trina-robbins-dead.html|url-status=live}} She wrote a memoir entitled Last Girl Standing, released in 2017 by Fantagraphics.

Robbins died after a stroke in San Francisco, California, on April 10, 2024, at the age of 85.{{Cite web |title=Trina Robbins, Legendary Cartoonist and Wonder Woman Artist, Passes Away at 85 |url=https://comicbook.com/comics/news/trina-robbins-legendary-cartoonist-wonder-woman-artist-passes-away-85/ |access-date=April 11, 2024 |website=Comics |language=en |archive-date=April 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411013606/https://comicbook.com/comics/news/trina-robbins-legendary-cartoonist-wonder-woman-artist-passes-away-85/ |url-status=live }} Her partner was artist Steve Leialoha from 1977 until her death.{{cite web|url=http://comicsalternative.com/interview-leialoha/ |title=An Interview with Steve Leialoha |publisher=Comicsalternative.com |date=August 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223457/http://comicsalternative.com/interview-leialoha/ |access-date=June 9, 2017|url-status=usurped |archive-date=July 7, 2017 }}

Awards and recognition

File:Trina Robbins by Gage Skidmore.jpg

File:SPX 2016 Panel - Spotlight on Trina Robbins.webm

Robbins was a Special Guest of the 1977 San Diego Comic-Con,Comic Con Souvenir Book #40. San Diego Comic-Com International. 2009. p. 60. when she was presented with an Inkpot Award.{{cite web |title=Inkpot Awards |url=https://www.comic-con.org/awards/inkpot/ |website=Comic-Con International |access-date=April 13, 2024 |archive-date=December 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207202908/https://www.comic-con.org/awards/inkpot/ |url-status=live }} She won a Special Achievement Award from San Diego Comic-Con in 1989 for her work on Strip AIDS U.S.A.,{{cite web |title=Toon Talk: See You at San Diego with Mathew Klickstein and Trina Robbins |url=https://www.cartoonart.org/calendar/2022/9/18/see-you-at-sandiego |website=Cartoon Art Museum |access-date=April 13, 2024 |date=September 10, 2022 |archive-date=August 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821211403/https://www.cartoonart.org/calendar/2022/9/18/see-you-at-sandiego |url-status=live }} a benefit book that she co-edited with Bill Sienkiewicz and Robert Triptow. She was the 1992 Guest of Honor of WisCon, the Wisconsin Science Fiction Convention.{{Cite web|title=History | WisCon|date=December 21, 2015|url=http://wiscon.net/about/history/|access-date=November 24, 2022|language=en-US|archive-date=November 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124211354/http://wiscon.net/about/history/|url-status=live}}

Robbins was a three-time winner of the Lulu of the Year award — in 1997, for her book The Great Women Superheroes; in 2000 for her book From Girls to Grrrlz; and in 2001 (along with co-author Anne Timmons) for Go-Girl!. From Girls to Grrrlz also won a 2000 Firecracker Alternative Book Award.{{cite web|url=http://www.readersread.com/awards/firecracker.htm|title=Firecracker Alternative Book Awards|work=ReadersRead.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304133738/http://www.readersread.com/awards/firecracker.htm|archive-date=Mar 4, 2009}} In 2001, Robbins was inaugurated into the Friends of Lulu Women Cartoonists Hall of Fame.{{cite web | url = http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/lulu.php | title = Lulu Award | publisher = Comic Book Awards Almanac | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130126234514/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/lulu.php | archivedate = January 26, 2013 | url-status = live}} In 2002, Robbins was given the Special John Buscema Haxtur Award, a recognition for comics published in Spain.{{cite web |title=Premios Haxtur |trans-title=Haxtur Awards |url=http://www.elwendigo.net/haxtur/haxturframeset2.htm |at=Click link for 2002. |language=es |access-date=February 19, 2016 |archive-date=January 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124060854/http://www.elwendigo.net/haxtur/haxturframeset2.htm |url-status=live }} In 2011, Robbins' artwork was exhibited as part of the Koffler Gallery show Graphic Details: Confessional Comics by Jewish Women.{{Cite web|url=http://kofflerarts.org/exhibitions/2013/11/14/graphic-details-confessional-comics-by-jewish-women/|title=Graphic Details: Confessional Comics by Jewish Women {{!}} Koffler Centre of the Arts|language=en-US|access-date=February 8, 2019|archive-date=April 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426201219/http://kofflerarts.org/exhibitions/2013/11/14/graphic-details-confessional-comics-by-jewish-women/|url-status=dead}}

In July 2013, during San Diego Comic-Con, Robbins was one of six inductees into the Will Eisner Hall of Fame.{{cite web |title=Hall Of Fame |url=https://www.comic-con.org/awards/eisner-awards/hall-of-fame/11/ |publisher=Comic-Con International |access-date=April 13, 2024 |page=11 |archive-date=April 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412231751/https://www.comic-con.org/awards/eisner-awards/hall-of-fame/11/ |url-status=live }} The award was presented by Mad magazine cartoonist and Groo the Wanderer creator Sergio Aragonés. The other inductees were Lee Falk, Al Jaffee, Mort Meskin, Joe Sinnott, and Spain Rodriguez.[http://www.comic-con.org/awards/eisners-current-info "Eisner Awards Current Info"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306115430/http://comic-con.org/awards/eisners-current-info |date=March 6, 2014 }}. Comic-Con International: San Diego. Retrieved September 11, 2013.

In a 2015 poll, Robbins was ranked #25 among the best female comics creators of all-time.{{cite web |url=http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2015/03/21/top-50-female-comic-book-writers-and-artists-master-list/ |title=Top 50 Female Comic Book Writers and Artists Master List |publisher=Goodcomics.comicbookresources.com |date=March 21, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2017 |archive-date=June 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601103605/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2015/03/21/top-50-female-comic-book-writers-and-artists-master-list/ |url-status=dead }} ComicsAlliance listed Robbins as one of twelve women cartoonists deserving of lifetime achievement recognition in 2016.{{cite web|url=http://comicsalliance.com/women-lifetime-achievement-awards/ |title=12 Women in Comics Who Deserve Lifetime Achievement Recognition |access-date=February 10, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630033418/http://comicsalliance.com/women-lifetime-achievement-awards/ |archive-date=June 30, 2016 }} In 2017, Robbins was chosen for the Wizard World Hall of Legends.{{cite web |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/sacramento/article/Trina-Robbins-First-Woman-to-Draw-Wonder-Woman-Selected-for-Wizard-World-Hall-of-Legends-20170608 |title=Trina Robbins, First Woman to Draw Wonder Woman, Selected for Wizard World Hall of Legends |publisher=Broadwayworld.com |access-date=June 9, 2017 |archive-date=June 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621235408/http://www.broadwayworld.com/sacramento/article/Trina-Robbins-First-Woman-to-Draw-Wonder-Woman-Selected-for-Wizard-World-Hall-of-Legends-20170608 |url-status=live }} Robbins' art and art from her collection of the work of women cartoonists was featured in the 2020 Society of Illustrators exhibit "Women in Comics: Looking Forward, Looking Back". It was later featured in the "Women in Comics" exhibit at the Palazzo Merulana in Rome, Italy.{{Cite web|url=https://www.palazzomerulana.it/en/events/mostra-women-in-comics/|title=Women in Comics|work=Palazzo Merulana|location=Rome|access-date=March 11, 2024|archive-date=January 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123192511/https://www.palazzomerulana.it/en/events/mostra-women-in-comics/|url-status=live}}

Bibliography

= Comics =

: As writer/artist, unless otherwise noted

== Major works ==

It Ain't Me, Babe Comix (Last Gasp, 1970) — co-founder, contributor
All Girl Thrills (Print Mint, 1971) — editor, contributor{{cite web |title=Issue :: All Girl Thrills #1 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/255880/ |publisher=Grand Comics Database |access-date=April 13, 2024 |archive-date=January 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128130819/https://www.comics.org/issue/255880/ |url-status=live }}
Wimmen's Comix (Last Gasp, Renegade Press, Rip Off Press, 1972–1992) — co-founder, contributor
Mama! Dramas (Educomics, June 1978) — editor and contributor, along with Suzy Varty, Joyce Farmer, and others{{cite web |title=Issue :: Mama! Dramas |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/277414/ |publisher=Grand Comics Database |access-date=April 13, 2024 |archive-date=January 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128130807/https://www.comics.org/issue/277414/ |url-status=live }}
Dope (Eclipse Comics, 1981–1983) — adaptation of the Sax Rohmer novel{{cite news |last1=Dooley |first1=Michael |title=Sax, Dope, and Trina Robbins: the Making of a Graphic Novel |url=https://www.printmag.com/comics-animation-design/trina-robbins-graphic-novel/ |work=Print |date=August 16, 2016 |access-date=April 13, 2024 |archive-date=March 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330051359/https://www.printmag.com/comics-animation-design/trina-robbins-graphic-novel/ |url-status=live }}
The Silver Metal Lover (Crown Books, 1985) — adaptation of the Tanith Lee novel{{cite web |title=Issue :: The Silver Metal Lover |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/346830/ |publisher=Grand Comics Database |access-date=April 13, 2024 |archive-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519031154/https://www.comics.org/issue/346830/ |url-status=live }}
Misty (Star Comics, 1985–1986) — limited series
The Legend of Wonder Woman (DC Comics, 1986) — limited series{{cite news |last1=Salkowitz |first1=Rob |title=Trailblazing Comics Icon Trina Robbins Dies At Age 85 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robsalkowitz/2024/04/10/trailblazing-comics-icon-trina-robbins-dies-at-age-85/?sh=3ff5f56a2a66 |work=Forbes |date=April 10, 2024 |language=en}}
California Girls #1–8 (Eclipse Comics, 1987–1988) — writer/artist, with contributions from Barb Rausch{{sfn|Kaplan|2006|p=89}}
Strip AIDS U.S.A.: A Collection of Cartoon Art to Benefit People With AIDS (Last Gasp, 1988) — co-editor with Bill Sienkiewicz and Robert Triptow
Choices: A Pro-Choice Benefit Comic Anthology for the National Organization for Women (Angry Isis Press, 1990) — editor and contributor
Wonder Woman: The Once and Future Story (DC Comics, 1998) — writer; drawn by Colleen Doran
GoGirl! #1–5 (Image Comics, 2000–2001) — writer
GoGirl! #1–3 (Dark Horse Comics, 2002–2006) — writer; issues #2–3 feature all new material
Honey West #1, 2, 6, 7 (Moonstone Books, 2010) — writer
Honey West and The Cat #1–2 (Moonstone Books, 2013) — writer
Won't Back Down (Last Gasp, 2023) - editor

== Anthology contributions ==

East Village Other (late 1960s)
Gothic Blimp Works (East Village Other, 1969)
Moonchild Comix #3 (Nicola Cuti; Moonchild Productions, September 1970){{Cite web|url=https://www.comics.org/issue/351734/|title=GCD :: Issue :: Moonchild Comics #3|access-date=August 17, 2018|archive-date=August 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817124833/https://www.comics.org/issue/351734/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Moonchild Comics at Comixjoint.com|url=https://comixjoint.com/moonchildcomics.html|access-date=November 24, 2022|website=comixjoint.com|archive-date=January 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123180903/https://comixjoint.com/moonchildcomics.html|url-status=live}}
Swift Comics (Bantam Books, 1971){{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Paul |title=Dreaming the Graphic Novel: The Novelization of Comics |date=2020 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-1-9788-0506-4 |page=239 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IOWCEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22trina%20robbins%22%20%22Swift%20Comics%22&pg=PA239 |language=en}}
Girl Fight Comics #1–2 (Print Mint, 1972, 1974){{cite book |last1=Rosenkranz |first1=Patrick |title=Rebel Visions: The Underground Comix Revolution 1963–1975 |date=2002 |publisher=Fantagraphics Books |isbn=978-1-56097-464-2 |page=174 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XyBmDAAAQBAJ&dq=%22trina%20robbins%22%20%22Girl%20Fight%20Comics%22&pg=PA174 |language=en}}
Tuff Shit Comics (Print Mint, 1972){{cite web |title=Tuff Shit Comics #1 Reviews |url=https://leagueofcomicgeeks.com/comic/3280782/tuff-shit-comics-1 |website=League of Comic Geeks |access-date=April 13, 2024}}
Barbarian Comics #4 (California Comics, 1972){{cite web |title=Barbarian Women Comics |url=http://www.comixjoint.com/barbarianwomen.html |publisher=Comixjoint |access-date=April 13, 2024 |archive-date=September 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930185313/https://comixjoint.com/barbarianwomen.html |url-status=live }}
Comix Book (Marvel Comics, Kitchen Sink Press, 1974–1976){{cite book |last1=Duncan |first1=Randy |last2=Smith |first2=Matthew J. |title=The Power of Comics: History, Form and Culture |date=2009 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-0-8264-2936-0 |page=58 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dTN54Zv0Ip4C&dq=%22trina%20robbins%22%20%22Comix%20Book%22&pg=PA58 |language=en}}
Wet Satin (1976) — editor
Tits & Clits Comix #3 (Nanny Goat Productions, 1977)
Gates of Eden (FantaCo Enterprises, 1982){{cite web |title=Issue :: Gates of Eden #1 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/329553/ |publisher=Grand Comics Database |access-date=April 13, 2024 |archive-date=September 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929080613/https://www.comics.org/issue/329553/ |url-status=live }}

Gay Comix #6, #11, #25 (Bob Ross, 1985, 1986, 1998){{cite book |last1=Abate |first1=Michelle Ann |last2=Grice |first2=Karly Marie |last3=Stamper |first3=Christine N. |title="Suffering Sappho!": Lesbian Content and Queer Female Characters in Comics |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-46033-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BLs8EAAAQBAJ&dq=%22trina%20robbins%22%20%22Gay%20Comix%22&pg=PT80 |language=en}}
War News (Jim Mitchell, 1991) — underground newspaper launched to protest the first Gulf War.{{cite news|url=http://www.sfweekly.com/1996-02-14/news/hinkle-hinkle-little-star-part-ii/1 |title=Hinkle, Hinckle, Little Star (Part II) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728131631/http://www.sfweekly.com/1996-02-14/news/hinkle-hinkle-little-star-part-ii/1/ |archive-date=July 28, 2012 |work=SF Weekly|date=February 14, 1996}}

9-11: September 11, 2001 (Artists Respond) (Dark Horse Comics/Chaos! Comics/Image Comics, 2002){{cite web |last1=Urschel |first1=Donna |title=Not-So-Comic Books |url=https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0211/911-artists.html |publisher=Library of Congress Information Bulletin |date=November 2002 |access-date=April 14, 2024 |archive-date=December 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205190411/http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0211/911-artists.html |url-status=live }}
The Phantom Chronicles (Moonstone Books, 2007){{cite book |last1=Booker |first1=M. Keith |title=Comics through Time: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas [4 volumes] |date=2014 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-39751-6 |page=1719 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jxfOEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22trina%20robbins%22%20%22%5BThe%20Phantom%20Chronicles%22&pg=PA1719 |language=en}}
Girl Comics (Marvel Comics, 2010)

=Nonfiction=

{{cite book|author-link1=Trina Robbins|last1=Robbins|first1= Trina|author-link2=Catherine Yronwode|first2=Catherine|last2=Yronwode|author-mask=1|title=Women and the Comics|publisher=Eclipse Books|year= 1985|isbn=0-913035-01-7}}
{{cite book|last=Robbins|first= Trina|title=A Century of Women Cartoonists|publisher=Kitchen Sink Press|year=1993|author-mask=1|isbn=0-87816-206-2}}
{{cite book|last=Robbins|first= Trina|title=The Great Women Superheroes|publisher=Kitchen Sink Press|year=1996|author-mask=1|isbn=0-87816-482-0}}
{{cite book|last=Robbins|first= Trina|title=From Girls to Grrrlz: A History of Comics from Teens to Zines|publisher=Chronicle Books|date=1999|author-mask=1|isbn=0-8118-2199-4}}
{{cite book|last=Robbins|first= Trina|title= The Great Women Cartoonists |publisher= Watson-Guptill |year= 2001 |author-mask=1|isbn=0-8230-2170-X}}
{{cite book|last=Robbins|first= Trina|title= Nell Brinkley and the New Woman in the Early 20th Century |publisher= McFarland & Co. |year= 2001 |author-mask=1|isbn=0-7864-1151-1}}
{{cite book|last=Robbins|first= Trina|title= Eternally Bad: Goddesses with Attitude |publisher= Conari Press|year= 2001 |author-mask=1|isbn=1-57324-550-X}}
{{cite book|last=Robbins|first= Trina|title= Tender Murderers: Women Who Kill|publisher= Conari Press |year= 2003 |author-mask=1|isbn=1-57324-821-5}}
{{cite book|last=Robbins|first= Trina|title= Wild Irish Roses: Tales of Brigits, Kathleens, and Warrior Queens|publisher= Conari Press |year= 2004 |author-mask=1|isbn=1-57324-952-1}}
{{cite book|first=Trina|last=Robbins|chapter=Chapter 6: Girls on Top?|editor-first=Dez |editor-last=Skinn|editor-link=Dez Skinn|title=Comix: The Underground Revolution|publisher=Collins & Brown/Thunder's Mouth|date=2004|isbn=1-84340-186-X}}{{cite news|last=Robbins|first= Trina |date=Feb–Mar 2005|title=Memo From Dez Skinn's Ghost Writer|work=The Comics Journal|volume= 1 |issue=266|page= 8|issn=0194-7869}}
{{cite book|editor-last=Robbins|editor-first= Trina|title= The Brinkley Girls: The Best of Nell Brinkley's Cartoons from 1913–1940|publisher=Fantagraphics Books |year= 2009 |editor-mask=1|isbn=978-1-56097-970-8}}
{{cite book|last=Robbins|first= Trina|title= Forbidden City: The Golden Age of Chinese Nightclubs|publisher= Hampton Press |year= 2009 |author-mask=1|isbn=978-1-57273-947-5}}
{{cite book|last=Robbins|first= Trina|title= Lily Renée, Escape Artist: From Holocaust Survivor to Comic Book Pioneer|publisher= Graphic Universe |year= 2011 |author-mask=1|isbn=978-0761381143}}
{{cite book|last=Robbins|first= Trina|title=Pretty In Ink: North American Women Cartoonists 1896 - 2013|publisher=Fantagraphics|year=2013|author-mask=1|isbn=978-1-60699-669-0}}
{{cite book|last=Robbins|first= Trina|title=Babes in Arms: Women in Comics During the Second World War|publisher=Hermes Press|year=2017|author-mask=1|isbn=978-1-61345-095-6}}
{{cite book|last=Robbins|first=Trina|author-mask=1|title=A Minyen Yidn: A Bunch of Jews (And Other Stuff)|date=2017|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|isbn=978-1977744296}}
{{cite book|last=Robbins|first=Trina|author-mask=1|title=Last Girl Standing|date=2017|publisher=Fantagraphics|location=Seattle|isbn=9781683960140}}
{{cite book|last=Robbins|first= Trina|title= Flapper Queens: Women Cartoonists of the Jazz Age |publisher= Fantagraphics |year=2020|author-mask=1|isbn=978-1-68396-323-3}}

References

=Sources=

{{cite book |title=A History of Underground Comics|last= Estren|first= Mark James|year= 1974|publisher= Quick Fox Inc|isbn=0-87932-075-3}}
{{cite book |title=Masters of the Comic Book Universe Revealed!|last= Kaplan|first= Arie|year= 2006|publisher= Chicago Review Press|isbn=1-55652-633-4}}
{{cite book|title= Comic Book Century: The History of American Comic Books (People's History)|last= Krensky|first= Stephen|year= 2007|publisher= Twenty-First Century Books|isbn= 978-0-8225-6654-0|url= https://archive.org/details/comicbookcentury0000kren}}
{{cite book |title=Girls Like Us: Carole King, Joni Mitchell, Carly Simon and the Journey of a Generation|url=https://archive.org/details/girlslikeuscarol00well|url-access=registration|last= Weller|first= Sheila|year= 2008|publisher= Atria|isbn=978-0-7434-9147-1}}

External links

{{official website}}
{{gcdb|type=credit|search=Trina+Robbins|title=Trina Robbins}}
{{comicbookdb|type=creator|id=3080|title=Trina Robbins}}
[http://ead.ohiolink.edu/xtf-ead/view?docId=ead/OhCoUCR0006.xml;chunk.id=0;toc.depth=1;brand=default Trina Robbins Collection guide] at the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
{{ISFDB name|id=4855}}
{{discogs artist|Trina Robbins}}