Trinity College, Toronto

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John Strachan (1778–1867) was an Anglican priest, Archdeacon of York, and staunch supporter of Upper Canada's conservative Family Compact. Strachan was interested in education, and as early as 1818 petitioned the colonial House of Assembly for the formation of a theological university.{{cite book |last= Sheraton |first= J. P. |editor = W. J. Alexander |title= The University of Toronto and its Colleges, 1827-1906 |publisher= University of Toronto Press |year= 1906 |page = 185 |url= https://archive.org/details/universityoftor00univuoft}} In 1826, Lieutenant Governor Sir Peregrine Maitland commissioned Strachan to visit England and obtain a royal charter for a provincial university.{{cite book |last= Burwash |first= N Street |editor = W. J. Alexander |title= The University of Toronto and its Colleges, 1827-1906 |publisher= University of Toronto Press |year= 1906 |page = 11 |url= https://archive.org/details/universityoftor00univuoft}} Strachan was successful, and returned in 1827 with a charter from King George IV to establish King's College in Upper Canada. King's College was effectively controlled by the Church of England and members of the elite Family Compact, and at first reflected Strachan's ambition for an institution of conservative, High Anglican character.{{cite book |editor-last= Reed |editor-first= T. A.|title= A History of the University of Trinity College, Toronto, 1852–1952 |url= https://archive.org/details/historyofunivers00reed |publisher= University of Toronto Press |year= 1952}} Strachan objected to proposals for the provincial university to be without a religious affiliation, dubbing such a suggestion "atheistical, and so monstrous in its consequences that, if successfully carried out, it would destroy all that is pure and holy in morals and religion, and would lead to greater corruption than anything adopted during the madness of the French Revolution."Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852–1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, p. 5.

File:John Strachan Bust.jpgIn 1849, over strong opposition from Strachan, Robert Baldwin's Reformist government took control of the college and secularized it to become the University of Toronto. Incensed by this decision, Strachan immediately began raising funds for the creation of a new university. Strachan canvassed Great Britain and Upper Canada for donations, and although he fell short of his goal of £30,000, he received significant commitments from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, the Duke of Wellington, William Gladstone, and Oxford University. Despite Strachan's public anti-Americanism, the project for a new Anglican university attracted substantial donations from a fundraising campaign in the United States by The Reverend William McMurray.{{cite book |last= Westfall |first= William |title= The Founding Moment: Church, Society, and the Construction of Trinity College |publisher= McGill-Queen's University Press |year= 2002 |pages = 45–46 }}{{cite book |last= Butler |first= David |title= Bishop Strachan and Heraldry in the University of Trinity College, Toronto |publisher= Stratford Herald Publishing Company |year= 2013 |page = 25 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/mcmurray_william_12E.html|title=Biography – McMURRAY, WILLIAM – Volume XII (1891–1900) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography|website=www.biographi.ca}}

On April 30, 1851, now-Bishop Strachan led a parade of clergy, schoolboys, and prospective faculty from the Church of St George the Martyr to the site of the new Trinity College. There, Strachan delivered a speech repeating his condemnation of the "destruction of King's College as a Christian institution," and promised that Trinity would fulfil the role of a church university.Westfall, William. The Founding Moment. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002, pp. 3–6. The Provincial Parliament incorporated Trinity College as an independent university on August 2, 1851.[http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/PageView/9_05217/0002?id=a12dcc25b94c4de9 An Act to incorporate Trinity College], Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, No. 220. 3d Session, 3d Parliament, 13 & 14 Victoria, 1850, The following year, Strachan, now in his 70s, obtained a Royal Charter for Trinity from Queen Victoria.{{cite book |title=Fitzhenry and Whiteside Book of Canadian Facts and Dates |last=Pound |first=Richard W. |publisher=Fitzhenry and Whiteside |year=2005}} The college opened to students on January 15, 1852. Most of the first class of students and faculty came from the Diocesan Theological Institute, an Anglican seminary in Cobourg also founded by Strachan in 1842, which dissolved itself in favour of Trinity.Westfall, William. The Founding Moment. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002, pp. 5–6. File:TrinBellwood.jpg]]

Unlike the University of Toronto, all of Trinity's students and faculty were required to be members of the Anglican Church.Westfall, William. The Founding Moment. McGill–Queen's University Press, 2002, p. 13. This was actually a stronger condition than the original King's College, which only held a religious test for faculty members and students of divinity.{{cite book |last= Burwash |first= N Street |editor = W. J. Alexander |title= The University of Toronto and its Colleges, 1827–1906 |publisher= University of Toronto Press |year= 1906 |page = 12 |url= https://archive.org/details/universityoftor00univuoft}} Applicants to Trinity's Faculty of Arts were required to pass exams in biblical history, Latin, Greek, arithmetic, algebra, and Euclid. Applicants for the divinity school were required to have a bachelor's degree in arts, and to pass oral exams from the Provost in the New Testament, church catechism, Latin, and Greek.Reed, T. A. A History of the University of Trinity College, Toronto, 1852–1952. University of Toronto Press, 1952, pp. 52–53.

At the opening of the college, Bishop Strachan used the metaphor of the family to describe Trinity. Per Strachan, Trinity would "constitute a great Christian household, the domestic home of all who resort to it for instruction, framing them in the Christian graces, and in all sound learning, and sanctifying their knowledge, abilities and attainments to the service of God and the welfare of their fellow-men." The usage of the family metaphor was common at the time, and reflected a common view in Upper Canada that schools were extensions of the family model.{{cite book |last= Westfall |first= William |title= The Founding Moment: Church, Society, and the Construction of Trinity College |publisher= McGill–Queen's University Press |year= 2002 |pages = 70–71 }}

File:GeorgeWhitaker.JPG]]Designed by Kivas Tully, the original Trinity College building was constructed in 1851 on Queen Street West, in what was then an undeveloped western end outside the Toronto city bounds.[http://dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org/architects/view/934 Charles Barry Cleveland] from Dictionary of Architects in Canada, retrieved 14 January 2015 The building featured Gothic Revival design, and was inspired by St. Aidan's Theological College, Birkenhead.Graham Warwick Owen, “Projects for Trinity College, Toronto.” The Journal of Canadian Art History. (Toronto: University of Toronto, 1977), 61.

Discipline in the early years was strict. All students were subject to a rigid curfew, and daily chapel attendance was mandatory. If a student wished to leave college grounds, they were required to wear a cap and gown. The college was deliberately built away from the temptations of the city proper. This was all part of Strachan's plan to counteract the University of Toronto's secularism through modelling his vision of conservative Anglican education. Strachan was supported in these efforts by George Whitaker, a clergyman from Cambridge University who served as Trinity's divinity professor and first Provost. Strachan's hatred of the secular university was so great that Trinity's student athletes were forbidden to compete against students from the University of Toronto.Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852–1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, p. 28. It is not well known what the general student body thought of these rules, although there are records of students having cached their formal garb in the college ravine and clandestinely visiting town in informal clothes.Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852–1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, pp. 11–17.{{cite book |last= Westfall |first= William |title= The Founding Moment: Church, Society, and the Construction of Trinity College |publisher= McGill-Queen's University Press |year= 2002 |page = 68 }} Despite the rigid rules and church culture, beer consumption formed an important element of student life, and students purchased over 100 gallons of ale a year from a nearby brewery.{{cite book |last= Westfall |first= William |title= The Founding Moment: Church, Society, and the Construction of Trinity College |publisher= McGill–Queen's University Press |year= 2002 |page = 18 }}{{cite book |last= Watson |first= Andrew |title= Trinity, 1852–1952 |publisher= Trinity Review |year= 1952 |pages = 17–18}}

Bishop Benjamin Cronyn of Huron led an attack on the teaching of Trinity College in the early 1860s. Cronyn was an evangelical low church Anglican, who accused Provost Whitaker of spreading "dangerous" Romish doctrines. The College Corporation struck an investigatory committee to investigate Cronyn's claims. After the committee published its findings, Provost Whitaker received votes of confidence from the corporation, the Synod of Toronto, the Synod of Ontario, and the House of Bishops. Bishop Cronyn responded by resigning from the corporation, withdrawing all connections between the Diocese of Huron and Trinity College, and founding Huron College (today affiliated with Western University).{{cite book |editor-last= Reed |editor-first= T. A.|title= A History of the University of Trinity College, Toronto, 1852–1952 |publisher= University of Toronto Press |year= 1952 | pages = 62–69}} In 1877, Evangelical Anglicans affiliated with St. James Cathedral founded Wycliffe College as a low-church alternative to Trinity within Toronto.{{cite book |last= Edinborough |first= Arnold |title= The Enduring Word: A Centennial History of Wycliffe College |publisher= University of Toronto Press |year= 1978 |pages = 10–12}}

File:Trinity College Class of 1882.jpg is at the far left, seated]]Bishop Strachan died on November 1, 1867 (All Saints' Day). Provost Whitaker committed to maintaining Strachan's vision for the university, and continued to run the institution in strict conformity with conservative church principles. While Whitaker slowly permitted new courses to be offered, Trinity's core subjects remained theology, classics, and mathematics. Despite the urges of the College Council and some students, Whitaker steadfastly rejected federation with the University of Toronto.{{cite book |last= Watson |first= Andrew |title= Trinity, 1852–1952 |publisher= Trinity Review |year= 1952 |page = 42 }}{{cite book |last= Westfall |first= William |title= The Founding Moment: Church, Society, and the Construction of Trinity College |publisher= McGill-Queen's University Press |year= 2002 |pages = 99–103 }} To Whitaker, the benefits of joining the larger, secular University were outweighed by the "priceless benefits of such an education as can be given only on Christian principles, and under the hallowed shelter of the Church of Christ."{{cite book |last= Westfall |first= William |title= The Founding Moment: Church, Society, and the Construction of Trinity College |publisher= McGill-Queen's University Press |year= 2002 |page = 102 }}

In 1879, Provost Whitaker lost a contentious election to become Bishop of Toronto. This was his third failure seeking the position, and after the loss he resolved to return to his home in England.{{cite book |last= Westfall |first= William |title= The Founding Moment: Church, Society, and the Construction of Trinity College |publisher= McGill–Queen's University Press |year= 2002 |pages = 103–104 }} Whitaker left in 1881, and in his place the College Council appointed the Reverend Charles Body, another clergyman from Cambridge. Body was thirty at the time of his appointment, and significantly reformed the curriculum and policies of Trinity College.{{cite book |last= Watson |first= Andrew |title= Trinity, 1852–1952 |publisher= Trinity Review |year= 1952 |pages = 48–49 }} Under Provost Body, religious entry-requirements were abolished for non-divinity students, and the first female students were admitted to study. The requirement to wear a cap and gown while leaving College grounds was dropped, although chapel attendance remained mandatory for both divinity and arts students. Body's reforms succeeded in attracting new students, and within a decade enrollment more than doubled.{{cite book |last= Westfall |first= William |title= The Founding Moment: Church, Society, and the Construction of Trinity College |publisher= McGill–Queen's University Press |year= 2002 |page = 108 }}

The original College building suffered from architectural defects. The building was cold in winter, and fireplaces filled the residence rooms with smoke. Until 1888, the college used coal for heating, which generated noxious fumes.Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852–1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, pp. 14–15.{{cite book |last= Westfall |first= William |title= The Founding Moment: Church, Society, and the Construction of Trinity College |publisher= McGill–Queen's University Press |year= 2002 |page = 41 }} Over time, additional wings were added to the college, such as a convocation hall added in 1877 in memory of John Strachan. A designated chapel was built in 1883; previously, chapel had been held in a room originally intended for the college's library. Enrolment grew substantially under Provosts Body and Welch, such that in 1894 the college erected an east wing devoted entirely to student residences.{{cite book |last= Sheraton |first= J. P. |editor = W. J. Alexander |title= The University of Toronto and its Colleges, 1827–1906 |publisher= University of Toronto Press |year= 1906 |pages = 216–217 |url= https://archive.org/details/universityoftor00univuoft}} File:Trinity Medical College.jpg

Under Provost Body and his successor Edward Welch, Trinity College gradually expanded its teaching beyond arts and divinity. By the end of the 19th century Trinity offered degrees in a variety of disciplines, including medicine, law, music, pharmacy and dentistry. The connections between the professional faculties and the college proper were however somewhat tenuous, as students generally took classes elsewhere in Toronto, and only came to the Queen Street campus to write exams and accept degrees.Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852–1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, pp. 49–50. Trinity was founded with a medical school run by six Toronto doctors, and the first lecture ever given at Trinity was on "medical jurisprudence". However, the medical faculty dissolved itself in 1856 in protest of the religious entry requirements. Trinity Medical School re-founded itself in 1871, and taught students in a separate building in Toronto's east end. The school (renamed Trinity Medical College in 1888) existed as an independent legal body in voluntary association with Trinity College.{{cite book |last= Westfall |first= William |title= The Founding Moment: Church, Society, and the Construction of Trinity College |publisher= McGill–Queen's University Press |year= 2002 |pages = 24–25 }}{{cite book |editor-last= Reed |editor-first= T. A.|title= A History of the University of Trinity College, Toronto, 1852–1952 |publisher= University of Toronto Press |year= 1952 | page = 58}}{{cite journal |last= Spragge |first= George W. |date= June 1966 |title= The Trinity Medical College |journal= Ontario Historical Society |volume= 58 |issue=2 |pages= 63–98|pmid= 11620401 }} Trinity's Faculty of Music started offering degrees in the 1880s, and offered examinations for degrees in London, England, and New York City, as well as Toronto.{{cite book |editor-last= Reed |editor-first= T. A.|title= A History of the University of Trinity College, Toronto, 1852–1952 |publisher= University of Toronto Press |year= 1952 | pages = 98–100}}

File:OldTrinFaculty1904.JPGIn 1884, Helen Gregory enrolled as the first female student at Trinity College. Gregory graduated with three degrees, and later became a judge in the Vancouver Juvenile Court. St. Hilda's College was created in 1888 as Trinity's women's residence.{{cite journal | title =University of Trinity College, Toronto. | journal =Dominion Illustrated News (Montreal) | volume =1 | issue =5 | page =76 | date =August 4, 1888 }}[http://dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org/architects/view/1310 Eden Smith] from Dictionary of Architects in Canada, retrieved 14 January 2015 For the first six years of its existence, female students lived and took all their classes in St. Hilda's. Under Provost Welch, co-education came to Trinity, and the two teaching staffs and sets of courses merged into one.Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852–1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, p. 56.

Federation with the University of Toronto was first suggested in 1868, when a financial crisis compelled the College Council to consider uniting with the university to stave off bankruptcy. Provost Body ultimately eschewed federation, favouring significant reforms to encourage applications.Westfall, William. The Founding Moment. McGill–Queen's University Press, 2002, pp. 105–107. Body's reforms were successful, and the college entered a strong financial position across his thirteen-year term. Body retired as Provost in 1894, and his successor Reverend Edward Welch arrived at the beginning of an economic depression. Under Provost Welch, enrollment declined steeply, and by the turn of the century Trinity had returned to financial crisis.Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852–1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, pp. 52–54.{{cite book |editor-last= Reed |editor-first= T. A.|title= A History of the University of Trinity College, Toronto, 1852–1952 |url= https://archive.org/details/historyofunivers00reed |publisher= University of Toronto Press |year= 1952 | pages = 106–107}}

File:St. Hilda's Hockey Team.jpgProvost Thomas C. S. Macklem succeeded Welch in 1900, and entered office in favour of federation with the University of Toronto.Martin L. Friedland. The University of Toronto: A History. The University of Toronto Press, 2002. p. 136 In a newspaper interview, Reverend Macklem declared that "the time has come when neither the University of Toronto nor Trinity University can afford to stand aloof from one another any longer without sacrificing a great national ideal."{{cite news |author= |title= New Provost of Trinity |work= The Globe|location= Toronto |date= April 7, 1900}} Macklem was Trinity's first Canadian-born Provost, and proved an ardent reformer, who quickly banned beer and hazing over the strong opposition of the student body.{{cite book |last= Trinity Review |editor= Watson, Andrew |title= Trinity, 1852–1952 |year= 1952 |publisher= Trinity Review | pages = 93–94}} In 1901, the Provincial Legislature amended the University of Toronto Act to facilitate a possible federation with Trinity.{{cite book |editor-last= Reed |editor-first= T. A.|title= A History of the University of Trinity College, Toronto, 1852–1952 |url= https://archive.org/details/historyofunivers00reed |publisher= University of Toronto Press |year= 1952 | page = 125}} Trinity celebrated its fiftieth anniversary in 1902, still an independent university, but undergoing negotiations with the University of Toronto on federation. To mark the occasion, Trinity conferred honorary degrees to Premier George William Ross, and renowned physician William Osler.Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852–1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, p. 95. The next year, after what Macklem described as a "long-drawn and bitter" series of debates, the College Corporation voted 121 to 73 in favour of federation with the University of Toronto.[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/university University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821204157/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0008242 |date=2009-08-21 }} at The Canadian Encyclopedia online (accessed 8 June 2008){{cite book |last= Macklem |first= T. C. Street |editor = W. J. Alexander |title= The University of Toronto and its Colleges, 1827–1906 |publisher= University of Toronto Press |year= 1906}} Opponents of federation sought a judicial injunction against the agreement, but were unsuccessful. The University of Toronto made a concession to allow Trinity to grant its own degrees in theology, which required the university to remove the restriction from its governing charter.

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On October 1, 1904, Trinity became a member college of the University of Toronto and relinquished to the university its authority to grant degrees in subjects other than theology. At first, Trinity students were required to commute from the Queen Street residence to main University campus for classes, a distance of some three and a half kilometres.Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852–1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, p. 100. While Trinity had been intentionally built in a quiet environment away from the bustle of Toronto, the city had expanded, and the college was now located in a seedy outskirt.{{cite book |last= Trinity Review |editor= Watson, Andrew |title= Trinity, 1852–1952 |year= 1952 |publisher= Trinity Review | page=121}} Trinity resolved to relocate closer to the main University campus, and so abandoned plans for a significant expansion at its Queen Street site.{{cite book |last= Kenrick |first= Charles |title= Picturesque Trinity |url= https://archive.org/details/picturesquetrini00kenruoft |publisher= George N. Morang & Company |year= 1903}} The college acquired its present property near Queen's Park at the university grounds in 1913, but construction of the new college buildings, modeled after the original buildings by Kivas Tully,{{cite web|url=http://secure.toronto.ca/HeritagePreservation/details.do?folderRsn=2435699&propertyRsn=224641|title=City of Toronto's Heritage Property Search Detail|website=toronto.ca}} was not completed until 1925 due to World War I.{{cite book |last= Trinity Review |editor= Watson, Andrew |title= Trinity, 1852–1952 |year= 1952 |publisher= Trinity Review}} Five hundred and forty-three Trinity students, staff, and alumni fought in the War, of whom fifty-six died and eighty-six were wounded.{{cite book |editor-last= Reed |editor-first= T. A.|title= A History of the University of Trinity College, Toronto, 1852–1952 |url= https://archive.org/details/historyofunivers00reed |publisher= University of Toronto Press |year= 1952 | page = 145}}

Trinity College's original campus became Trinity Bellwoods Park. The original building was torn down in the 1950s. Of the original campus, only the St. Hilda's women's residence and the entrance gates, constructed in 1904, remain standing.{{cite book |last= Trinity Review |editor= Watson, Andrew |title= Trinity, 1852–1952 |year= 1952 |publisher= Trinity Review | page=109}}

File:Trinity College, Toronto, 1928.jpgWhen Trinity College moved to its present site on Hoskin Avenue in 1925, there was no space for student residences. Not only had the financial pressure of the War delayed construction of the building, it also necessitated a significant scaling back of the design. While the college originally planned for a campus with two quadrangles, a chapel, and a convocation hall, finances only permitted the construction of the south wing by 1925. The building had no residence space, and so the college rented separate buildings on St. George Street for the male and female students. An increasingly large proportion of students chose not to stay on College residence, and the student culture began slowly to be influenced by the larger University.{{cite book |last= Trinity Review |editor= Watson, Andrew |title= Trinity, 1852-1952 |year= 1952 |publisher= Trinity Review | pages=137–142}}

To counteract the perceived diluting influence of the University of Toronto on Trinity culture, concerned students insisted on wearing College gowns and blazers around campus to classes. In 1949, some students proposed a ban on freshmen joining fraternities, but this was defeated on grounds of impeding on individualism.{{cite book |last= Trinity Review |editor= Watson, Andrew |title= Trinity, 1852–1952 |year= 1952 |publisher= Trinity Review | pages=184–185}} Trinity engaged in rivalries with nearby Colleges, starting with a series of violent raids from University College in the 1920s.{{cite book |last= Trinity Review |editor= Watson, Andrew |title= Trinity, 1852–1952 |year= 1952 |publisher= Trinity Review | pages=142, 148}} Across the 1950s, Trinity entered into a fierce, yet good-natured rivalry with its immediate neighbour (and competing Anglican divinity school) Wycliffe College. This rivalry included reciprocal raids between the colleges, thefts of college artifacts, and one instance in November 1953 when Wycliffe students filled up Trinity's entryway with bricks from the under-construction chapel.{{cite news |author= |title= Chapel Bricks Stray to Trinity Entrance Helped by Theologs|url=https://archive.org/details/thevarsity73/page/262/mode/2up/search/theologs?q=theologs |work=The Varsity |location=Toronto |date=November 13, 1953 |access-date=June 2, 2020 }}

File:Trinity College Entrance Bricked.jpg, November 13, 1953]]In 1937, construction began on the new St. Hilda's building, located on the east side of Devonshire Place, a short walk from the main Trinity building. Construction was swift, and female students moved in the next year. St. Hilda's Cartwright Hall became the primary stage for dramatics at Trinity for the subsequent four decades.{{cite book |last= Trinity Review |editor= Watson, Andrew |title= Trinity, 1852–1952 |year= 1952 |publisher= Trinity Review | pages=156–157}} In 1941, the college added an east wing, allowing male students to move out of the temporary accommodations on St. George and onto the college grounds.{{cite book |last= Trinity Review |editor= Watson, Andrew |title= Trinity, 1852–1952 |year= 1952 |publisher= Trinity Review | pages=164–165}} The same year, the college added a west wing, complete with the Strachan Dining Hall and the Junior Common Room. This substantial expansion was funded by donations from Gerald Larkin of the Salada Tea Company.{{cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/larkin_peter_charles_15E.html|title=Biography – LARKIN, PETER CHARLES – Volume XV (1921–1930) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography|website=www.biographi.ca}} After the War, Larkin also funded the construction of the Trinity College chapel in 1953. Previously, the college had used Seeley Hall, located over the front entrance and originally intended as the library, as the chapel.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/discover/take-a-tour/visitors-guide/chapel/|title=The Chapel}}

One thousand and eighteen Trinity students, staff, and alumni served in the Second World War. Sixty-six were killed, and thirty-seven wounded. Two were made Commanders of the Order of the British Empire, two Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau, and two granted the Croix de Guerre.{{cite book |editor-last= Reed |editor-first= T. A.|title= A History of the University of Trinity College, Toronto, 1852–1952 |publisher= University of Toronto Press |year= 1952 | pages = 169–170}} In 1940, one hundred and sixty pupils and fifteen teachers from St. Hilda's School for Girls at Whitby in England were sent to Trinity to escape the German wartime bombings, where they were housed at St. Hilda's College.{{cite book |editor-last= Reed |editor-first= T. A.|title= A History of the University of Trinity College, Toronto, 1852–1952 |publisher= University of Toronto Press |year= 1952 | pages = 218–220}}{{cite book |last=Wasteneys |first=Hortense |editor-last=Sutton |editor-first=Barbara |title=Sanctam Hildam Canimus: A Collection of Reminiscences |publisher=University of Toronto Press |date=1988 |pages=54–55 |chapter="Et in Arcadia Ego"}}

File:Strachan Hall Exterior, 1941.jpgIn 1961, Trinity College completed a new multi-purpose building to its north-west, named after benefactor Gerald Larkin. The Trinity College quadrangle was completed in 1963, when a completed north wing enclosed the land.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/discover/take-a-tour/visitors-guide/quadrangle/|title = The Quad}} In 1979, a theater was added to the Larkin Building, named after Provost George Ignatieff, which quickly replaced Cartwright Hall as the primary forum for student drama.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/discover/take-a-tour/visitors-guide/george-ignatieff-theatre/|title=George Ignatieff Theatre}}

In January 1966, Trinity College hosted the "Trinity College Conference on the Canadian Indian." The Conference included presentations from on and off-reserve indigenous persons, and is believed to be Canada's first student-organized forum on indigenous issues.{{cite web|url=https://magazine.trinity.utoronto.ca/nota-bene-3/|title = Nota Bene – Trinity Magazine}}

George Ignatieff, Canada's former Ambassador to Yugoslavia, NATO, and the United Nations, became Provost in 1972; he was Trinity's first Provost without a theological background.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/discover/about/who-we-are/provost/past-provosts/|title=Past Provosts|access-date=2020-06-02|archive-date=2020-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605155359/https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/discover/about/who-we-are/provost/past-provosts/|url-status=dead}} Under Ignatieff, the college integrated its academic programming with the wider University of Toronto to an unprecedented degree. When Ignatieff came to office, the college was deeply in debt. While enrollment remained high, the college was suffering from the policies of the Provincial Government which denied public funds to religious institutions. Due to Trinity's divinity school, it was therefore ineligible for government assistance.{{cite news |last=Keating |first=Michael |date=October 18, 1972 |title=Ignatieff Has Tough New Job: Keeping Trinity College Solvent |work=The Globe and Mail |location=Toronto}} As Provost, Ignatieff relieved much of Trinity's faculty, and in 1974 he signed a memorandum of understanding with the university's Faculty of Arts and Science, ending much of Trinity's independent academics. Where previously Trinity students had taken many of their courses in College, thenceforth most courses were taken with students from other colleges under general University departments.{{Cite web |date=1974-04-15 |title=Memorandum of Understanding Relating to the Role of the Colleges in the Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto |url=https://www.provost.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/155/2020/01/1974-MoU-Relating-to-the-Role-of-the-Colleges-in-the-Faculty-of-Arts-and-Science.pdf |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=University of Toronto}} Similarly, the Faculty of Divinity joined the Toronto School of Theology in 1978, granting its students access to courses at all the university's theological colleges.{{cite web |url=https://www.tst.edu/about/overview-history |title=Overview & History | Toronto School of Theology |access-date=2020-06-02 |archive-date=2019-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326191616/https://www.tst.edu/about/overview-history |url-status=dead }} One exception to this trend of academic integration was the international relations program, founded at the college in 1976.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/study-arts-science/international-relations/message-from-the-director/|title = Message from the Director}}

File:George Ignatieff Theatre, Trinity College.jpgTrinity College suffered from a spate of negative media stories across the 1990s. In 1991 students began campaigning against Episkopon, a long-standing Trinity student society. Episkopon was founded in 1858 with the objective of providing "gentle chastisement" to errant members of college.Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852–1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, pp. 34–41. By the 1980s, some students began accusing the society of singling out students for racist, sexist, and homophobic attacks. This campaign attracted considerable press, and a statement of support from Marion Boyd, Ontario's Minister for the Status of Women. In fall 1991, an outspoken student critic of Episkopon was doused in a bucket of urine and feces in what was reported as an act of retribution.{{cite news |last=Scott |first=Marilyn |date=October 21, 1991 |title=Episkopon Critic Target of Prank |work=The Varsity |location=Toronto}} In 1992, the College Council voted to dissociate Trinity from Episkopon, denying it student funds, official status, and the use of college property.{{cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Alanna |date=September 5, 1992 |title=The Tumult Over Episkopon |work=The Toronto Star |location=Toronto}}

In 1996, Trinity's Dean of Divinity David Holeton resigned his position after admitting to multiple claims of sexual abuse.{{cite news |last=Grange |first=Michael |date=January 19, 1996 |title=Anglican Priest Admits Claims of Sexual Abuse |work=The Toronto Star |location=Toronto}} Three years later, newspapers reported that Episkopon had returned to holding events, now simply off Trinity grounds.{{cite news |last=Warren |first=Carl |date=March 23, 1999 |title=Trinity College's Dirty Little Secret Society Slithers Back on to Campus |work=National Post |location=Toronto}}

The turn of the century brought substantial changes to Trinity College. In 2005, Provost Margaret MacMillan, a famed historian and herself a Trinity graduate, ended the practice of gender-segregated residences. Whereas previously all women lived in St. Hilda's College and all men in the main Trinity building, under MacMillan co-education came to both buildings, with individual floors being designated single-sex.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/discover/news/item/celebrating-leaders-of-st-hildas-college/|title = Celebrating Leaders of St. Hilda's College}}

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Trinity College is today located on Hoskin Avenue within the University of Toronto, directly north of Wycliffe College. The primary College grounds are bounded to the North by Varsity Stadium, and to the west by Devonshire House (owned by Trinity College but mostly leased to the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy). Directly to its east, the college overlooks Philosopher's Walk, with the University of Toronto Faculty of Law on the opposite side of the ravine.

File:Trinity College Quad Facing Tower.jpgThe front wing of the main building (often referred to as "Trinity Proper") was completed in 1925 by architectural firm Darling and Pearson, among whose other projects include the university's Convocation Hall and Varsity Arena.{{cite book|title=Trinity College : a walking guide|last=Office of Convocation|publisher=Trinity College|year=2001}} The architects were required to faithfully preserve the familiar characteristics of the original Trinity College building in the design of the front wing,{{Cite book|title=Trinity College: Queen's Park Toronto|publisher=Rous & Mann, Ltd.|location=Toronto}} which is hence of predominantly Jacobethan architectural construction. This is particularly apparent in the characteristic roofline and stone towers of the building, while Tudor Revival styles are employed in the construction of the Angel's Roost tower in the college's west wing. Prominent faces are carved into the doorposts at the entrance to the college, the entrance to Strachan Hall, as well as the gate under the east wing's Henderson Tower. The door from the entrance hall into the Trinity quadrangle is also carved with the signs of the zodiac, while figures of scholars adorn the hallway.{{Cite book|title=Trinity College: A Visitor's Guide|last=Lassam|first=Sylvia|publisher=Trinity College Archives|location=Toronto}}

By 1941, immediately prior to the imposition of wartime restrictions on building materials, Trinity College had undertaken the construction of the eastern and western wings under Toronto architectural firm George & Moorhouse. The western wing provides an academic wing containing many of the college's public rooms and services, including Strachan Hall, while the eastern wing comprises expanded residence space for the burgeoning college.{{cite book|title=University of Toronto: The Campus Guide: An Architectural Tour|last=Richards|first=Larry Wayne|publisher=Princeton Architectural Press|year=2009}}

File:Strachan Hall in Trinity College 2023.jpg

The largest component of the western wing, as well as the central dining hall and social space for students residing at Trinity College, Strachan Hall was built in elaborate wood and stone with the intention of matching the aesthetics of the existing college.{{Cite book|title=Strachan Hall: A Visitor's Guide|last=Lassam|first=Sylvia|publisher=Trinity College Archives|location=Toronto}} It is replete with decorations intended to extol the history and values of the college, with heraldric artist A. Scott Carter commissioned to execute paintings and carvings of the coats of arms belonging to founder John Strachan, Queen Victoria, St Hilda's College, the Trinity Medical College, Provost Cosgrave, and Gerald Larkin. Adorning the walls of the Strachan Hall are portraits of the College Provosts, the founder John Strachan, and Sir John Beverley Robinson - Chief Justice of Upper Canada and the college's first chancellor. The largest portraits, which hang from the north wall, are of Bishop Strachan and George Whitaker, the college's first provost from 1852 to 1880.{{cite DCB|title=Whitaker, George|first=Christopher Fergus|last=Headon|volume=11|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/whitaker_george_11E.html}} Hanging on the front wall prominently behind the High Table is a large medieval tapestry provenant of Gerald Larkin's enthusiastic patronage, believed to have been woven in Flanders in the sixteenth century to depict the coming of the Queen of Sheba to the court of King Solomon.

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Situated in the western wing not far from Strachan Hall, the Junior Common Room (JCR) is used extensively by Trinity College's student organisations as a social and event space. It most prominently houses the Trinity College Literary Institute, whose coat of arms adorns the mantle. A portrait of C. Allan Ashley, professor of commerce at the University of Toronto, and a long-time resident of Trinity College, hangs to the left of the door.

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The Trinity College Chapel was built with funds donated by Gerald Larkin, head of the Salada Tea Company from 1922 to 1957. It was designed in the modified perpendicular Gothic style by renowned English architect Giles Gilbert Scott, who was also responsible for the Liverpool Cathedral and the ubiquitous red telephone boxes seen throughout Britain.[http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/the-phone-box/biography/the-red-phone-box-biography-finished The Red Phone Box Biography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717045052/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/the-phone-box/biography/the-red-phone-box-biography-finished|date=2011-07-17}}, retrieved 14 January 2015 The chapel extends {{convert|100|ft|m}} to the reredos and is {{convert|47|ft|m}} high at the vault bosses. Using only stone, brick, and cement, Italian stonemasons employed ancient building methods; the only steel in the construction is in the hidden girders supporting the slate roof, with the exterior walls being sandstone. The Chapel contains several architectural sculptures, including a tympanum by Emmanuel Hahn as well as a carved lintel and tympanum by Jacobine Jones, who also carved the wooden angels on the baptistry. The Lady Chapel's altar was preserved from the original Queen Street location chapel, while the matching sedilia was donated by Robertson Davies' widow in his memory.{{Cite book|title=A Guide to the Trinity College Chapel|last=Lassam|first=Sylvia|publisher=Trinity College Archives|location=Toronto}}

In the chapel a memorial tablet in Indiana limestone designed by Allan George, with lettering and medallions by A. Scott Carter, is dedicated to the members of Trinity College who gave their lives in the First and Second World Wars.{{National Inventory of Canadian Military Memorials|id=5764|title=World Wars memorial: Trinity College Chapel: Memorial 35091-010 Toronto, ON|access-date=30 December 2016}} A number of bronze memorial plaques also honour alumni who died during the First World War.{{National Inventory of Canadian Military Memorials|id=5768|title=Charles Edward Courselles Jones: Trinity College Chapel: Memorial 35091-014 Toronto, ON|access-date=30 December 2016}} On the wall outside the entrance to the chapel, a memorial Triptych illuminated manuscript in three frames is an Honour Roll erected by Trinity College in 1942 dedicated to the approximately 1000 men and women of Trinity College who died while serving their country; Canadian artist Jack McNie completed the lettering by hand.{{National Inventory of Canadian Military Memorials|id=5765|title=Triptych illuminated manuscript in three frames (Honour Roll): Trinity College Chapel: Memorial 35091-011 Toronto, ON|access-date=30 December 2016}}

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The college's northern wing was completed by architects Somerville, McMurrich and Oxley in 1963, thereby completely enclosing the college quadrangle.

The Trinity quadrangle has long been a focal point of student life at the college.{{cite web|url=http://www.salterrae.ca/archive/2005/8/article2.php |title= Quadrangle Redux|last= Pomedli|first= Steve|publisher= Salterrae|access-date=April 7, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928112125/http://www.salterrae.ca/archive/2005/8/article2.php |archive-date=September 28, 2007 }} The site is home to Shakespeare in the Quad, an annual tradition dated to 1949 famed for its of hosting of open-air Shakespeare performances and artistic exhibits. The quadrangle design features footpaths and patterns based on the Greek letter Chi, representing Christ, writ large and intricate flagstones.{{cite web|url=http://www.canadianarchitect.com/issues/story.aspx?aid=1000223156|title=News - Canadian Architect}} It was outfitted with a sundial until the quadrangle's renovation in the summer of 2007.

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St. Hilda's College, the Trinity College's second residential building and historically the college's female counterpart, was constructed in 1938. Prior to its completion, the women of college resided in three converted homes on St. George Street. Architects George and Moorhouse had built St. Hilda's College in the Georgian style popular at the time at the time, paying particular emphasis to the provision of domestic facilities and spaces to provide a "home-like influence" for young women then expected to adopt traditionally feminine roles and virtues.{{cite journal|url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/MCR/article/view/17787/22156|title=View of Centres of 'Home-Like Influence': Residences for Women at the University of Toronto {{!}} Material Culture Review|journal=Material Culture Review|date=January 1999 |access-date=2019-10-25|last1=King |first1=Alyson E. }} Originally envisioned as a complementary but separate institution, St. Hilda's only briefly had its own classes, but it retained a separate administrative and social existence until the 21st century. In 2004 St. Hilda's was converted into a mixed residential space inclusive of all students of the college.{{cite book | editor-first = Barbara | editor-last = Sutton | title = Sanctam Hildam Canimus: A Collection of Reminiscences | publisher = University of Toronto Press | year = 1988 | pages = xi}} North and south wings were added later to the building, and in 2010 the college undertook the installation of a green roof.

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Trinity's John W. Graham Library traces its origins to 1828, when John Strachan secured a collection of some four hundred books from the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge to stock the library of the fledgling King's College. When Trinity moved to its present-day location on Hoskin Avenue, the library was initially housed in the basement of the main building. In 2000, the library moved into the east wing of the Devonshire House, a heritage building purpose-renovated for the library, alongside the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy. Also in 2000, Wycliffe College's theological collection merged with the Trinity library, which was renamed after Toronto lawyer and Anglican churchman John W. Graham (also father of Canadian entrepreneur Ted Rogers).{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/library/about/history/|title=History}}

Trinity's library contains some 200,000 volumes, computing resources, and approximately 200 study spaces. The Library primarily serves Trinity's undergraduate students in the Faculty of Arts and Science and the graduate Divinity students and faculty of Trinity and Wycliffe Colleges, as well as the Munk School and Anglican Church communities. Subject strengths reflect Trinity's academic programs and interests: international relations, ethics, English literature, philosophy, theology, Anglican church history, and biblical studies. All Trinity students also have access to the other libraries of the University of Toronto Libraries system.

The Trinity College Friends of the Library promotes the expansion and well-being of the Graham Library. Each year, the Friends put on a book sale in Trinity's Seeley Hall. The book sale attracts visitors from across the continent, and is considered one of Toronto's best.{{cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/toronto/toronto-volunteers-shocked-to-find-1933-edition-of-hitlers-manifesto-mein-kampf-among-donated-books|title=Toronto volunteers shocked to find 1933 edition of Hitler's manifesto, Mein Kampf, among donated books|website=National Post|date=25 January 2015 |last1=Kuitenbrouwer |first1=Peter }} The book sale routinely raises over $100,000 for the Library.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/library/about/friends-of-the-library/|title=Friends of the Library}}

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The Gerald Larkin Building opened in 1962, while the George Ignatieff Theatre, named for then-provost George Ignatieff, was added to the northwest corner of the Larkin Building in 1979.{{cite web|url= http://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/about/contact_us/maps.html |title= Trinity Campus Map|work= Getting to Trinity College|publisher= Trinity College|access-date= 2016-05-10}} The Larkin Building is home to the university's Center for Ethics, as well as several classrooms and offices. The ground floor is dominated by "The Buttery," a cafe and student lounge space. In the basement, there is an abandoned, yet perfectly preserved language lab from the 1960s.{{cite web|url=https://magazine.trinity.utoronto.ca/secret-spaces/|title=Secret Spaces and Hidden Places – Part 1 – Trinity Magazine}}{{cite web|url=https://magazine.trinity.utoronto.ca/secret-spaces-and-hidden-places-then-and-now/|title = Secret Spaces and Hidden Places – then and Now – Trinity Magazine| date=29 July 2019 }}

Gerald Larkin was President of the Salada Tea Company, and one of Trinity's most generous benefactors.{{cite book |last= Butler |first= David |title= Bishop Strachan and Heraldry in the University of Trinity College, Toronto |publisher= Stratford Herald Publishing Company |year= 2013 |pages = 70, 141 }} The college's dining hall and chapel were made possible through his donations. Larkin bequeathed Trinity almost $4 million in his will, which the college used to construct the building bearing his name.{{cite journal |last= Russell |first= Bruce Hugh |date= Spring–Fall 2016 |title= The Ecclesiastical Patronage of Gerald Larkin (1892-1961) |journal= Journal of the Canadian Church Historical Society |volume= 54 |issue=1/2 |pages= 3–23}}

In 2018, Trinity College announced construction of a new building,{{Cite web |date=2018-11-19 |title=Trinity College planning new residence building |url=https://thevarsity.ca/2018/11/18/trinity-college-planning-new-residence-building/ |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=The Varsity |language=en-US}} the Lawson Centre for Sustainability. When complete, the building will house 342 new residence beds, seminar and lecture rooms, and a new dining facility.{{Cite web |title=About the New Building |url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/lawson-centre-for-sustainability/about/ |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=Trinity College |language=en-US}}

Trinity consists of an undergraduate division that is part of the University of Toronto Faculty of Arts and Science, and a postgraduate Faculty of Divinity that is part of the Toronto School of Theology. Undergraduate students are admitted to Trinity in line with a common framework established by the University of Toronto, which sets the general principles and procedures for admission observed by its colleges. Applicants to Trinity are required to place the college first when ranking their preferences in colleges, and must complete a supplemental application.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/apply-arts-science/how-to-apply/|title = How to Apply}} The college aims to have the fewest undergraduate students among the university's colleges, and limits first-year enrollment limited to about 450 students.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/apply-arts-science/|title=Apply: Arts & Science}} In 2018, Trinity's first-year class had an entrance average of 94.6 per cent.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/trincms/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/about/Corporation/Provost's%20Report%20to%20Corporation%20Fall%202018.pdf |title=Provost's Report to Corporation, Fall 2018|last= Moran|first= Mayo|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026114624/https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/trincms/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/about/Corporation/Provost's%20Report%20to%20Corporation%20Fall%202018.pdf |archive-date=October 26, 2019 }}

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Trinity College offers undergraduate programs in immunology, international relations, and ethics, society, and law. The college also hosts first year seminar courses within the "Margaret MacMillan Trinity One Program", named after former Trinity Provost Margaret MacMillan.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/study-arts-science/trinity-one/|title=Trinity One|website=www.trinity.utoronto.ca|access-date=2020-07-02}} Admission to the Trinity One program is open to all students at the University of Toronto, but requires a supplemental application. There are six Trinity One streams, each capped at 20-25 students: Policy, Philosophy & Economics; Ethics, Society, & Law; International Relations; Biomedical Health; Environmental Sustainability; and Medicine & Global Health.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/study-arts-science/|title=Study: Arts & Science|website=www.trinity.utoronto.ca|access-date=2020-07-02}}

Trinity's undergraduate programs benefits from the presence of the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, which is housed in Devonshire House on college grounds. Many Trinity faculty members have offices in the Munk School. The Munk School also houses specialized research centers, such as the Asian Institute and the Centre for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies. The Munk School and its associated institutes host frequent lectures, panels, and events which are open to the Trinity community.{{cite web|url=https://munkschool.utoronto.ca/ |title=Welcome to Munk - Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy |publisher=Munkschool.utoronto.ca |date= |accessdate=2022-05-05}}

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Beginning in 1837, representatives of the United Church of England and Ireland in Upper Canada met with the Society for Propagation of the Gospel to solicit support for fellowships to enable the education of local clergy. With a guarantee of support, in 1841 Bishop Strachan requested his chaplains, Henry James Grasett and Henry Scadding of St. James' Cathedral, and Alexander Neil Bethune, then Rector of Cobourg, to prepare a plan for a systematic course in theology for those to be admitted to Holy Orders. On January 10, 1842, the first lecture was given at the Diocesan Theological Institute in Cobourg. In 1852, teaching was transferred to Toronto in the new Faculty of Divinity at Trinity College.{{cite book | last = Westfall | first = William | title = The Founding Moment: Church, Society, and the Construction of Trinity College | publisher = McGill-Queen's University Press | year = 2002 | isbn = 0-7735-2447-9}} Trinity College absorbed the Diocesan Theological Institute in Cobourg in 1852.

The Anglican seminary remains active in college life, with approximately a dozen worship services held weekly in the chapel.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/discover/about/chapel/services/|title=Chapel Services|website=www.trinity.utoronto.ca}} In recent years, the Orthodox School of Theology has also begun using the chapel for weekly services.

The approximately 100 graduate students enrolled in Trinity's Faculty of Divinity may take courses at other colleges at the Toronto School of Theology. At the basic degree level, Trinity offers several Master of Divinity programs - a basic program, a "collaborative learning" model with self-directed study components, and an honours programme, which includes a thesis. For students not seeking Holy Orders, a Master of Theological Studies is offered, as well as a Certificate in Theological Studies. At the advanced degree level, students may pursue the Master of Arts in Theology, the Master of Theology, the Doctor of Theology and the Doctor of Ministry. Applicants to the Ph.D. must hold an M.Div. Students can also enroll jointly in the M.Div. and MA.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/divinity/index.html|title=Study: Theology}}

In 2006, the Faculty of Divinity began offering an Orthodox and Eastern Christian Studies program. In 2015, this program developed into the Orthodox School of Theology, which offers courses on Eastern Orthodoxy within the Masters of Divinity program.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinityorthodox.ca/history|title=History | Orthodox School of Theology at Trinity College|website=www.trinityorthodox.ca}}

The Trinity College Faculty of Divinity is accredited by the Association of Theological Schools,{{Cite press release |title=Commission's Statement on Accredited Status |date=2023-03-23 |publisher=The Commission on Accrediting of the Association of Theological Schools |url=https://www.ats.edu/uploads/accrediting/documents/reports/Trinity%20College%20Faculty%20of%20Divinity.pdf |access-date=2024-02-09 |language=en}} and publishes a statement of educational effectiveness.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/study-theology/accreditation-quality-assurance/|title = Accreditation & Quality Assurance}} Trinity College is the only college or university in Canada accredited to offer Orthodox theological education.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinityorthodox.ca/|title=Orthodox School of Theology at Trinity College ||website=www.trinityorthodox.ca}}

The Faculty of Divinity's Arms and Badge are registered with the Canadian Heraldic Authority.[http://archive.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=482 Arms and Badge]

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Trinity College enjoys a rich student life, with multiple college events held on a weekly basis. Trinity students maintain a diverse range of clubs and societies, and celebrate numerous traditions. The college hosts two black tie balls annually, and continue to celebrate British holidays including Guy Fawkes and Robbie Burns Days.

The Trinity College Literary Institute (colloquially, "the Lit") is a satirical debating society that holds weekly meetings. The Lit is a successor body to the Diocesan Theological Institute's Debating Society, and thus technically pre-dates Trinity College itself. The Lit claims to be the oldest debating society in Canada but this is contested by the Queen's Debating Union.{{cite web|url=http://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project-pic.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=1157&ProjectElementID=4075|title=Trinity College Literary Institute [Civil Institution]|first=The Office of the Secretary to the Governor|last=General|website=reg.gg.ca|date=12 November 2020 }} In its early decades, the Lit debated issues of serious important to College life, such as compulsory chapel attendance and Sunday street cars.Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852-1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, p. 71. The tone of the debates shifted starting around the end of World War I;Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852-1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, p. 123. today, a typical meeting of the Lit usually includes satirical debates on a humorous topic, updates on college news, and satirical poetry from the Poet Laureate. While the meetings are typically crass student affairs, sitting faculty, distinguished alumni and even Provosts have been known to attend and debate on occasion. Beyond weekly meetings, the Lit organizes other events, historically including the annual Guy Fawkes bonfire, Oktoberfest, Chess in the Quad, Robbie Burns and "Bubbly" - a champagne themed formal ball. The institute's executive is modeled after Canadian parliament, and consists of a Prime Minister, Speaker, Opposition Leader, and Deputy Speaker. Lists of former Speakers and Prime Ministers going back over a century are prominently displayed in the east hall between the chapel and Strachan Hall.

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Formal dances are held twice annually at Trinity. The Saints Ball is held annually in the fall semester around November at St. Hilda's College, and the Conversazione ("Conversat") ball is held at Trinity College in the winter semester. Traditionally, the Saints Ball was hosted by women of college in their residence, while Conversat was hosted by men of college in theirs. In recent years, the growing size of the student body has necessitated moving the balls to off-campus venues. Conversat was historically organized by a committee of the Literary Institute. The first recorded Conversat occurred in 1869, but it was not until 1883 that the event became associated with dancing.Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852-1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, p. 22. Conversat has been held annually since 1869, and has become a key part of social life at Trinity. The ball used to be a central component of Toronto social life, and attracted dignitaries from across the province. The Governor General Lord Stanley attended the 1891 Conversat.Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852-1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, p. 76. While the residences have been desegregated since 2005, the tradition remains that the women of college ask their date to Saints, and the men ask their date to Conversat.

Trinity students publish a magazine called Salterrae (Latin, meaning The Salt of the Earth) which was founded as Trinlight in 1981. The annual yearbook is Stephanos (Greek, meaning Crown). There is also a bi-annual journal of students' short stories, photographs and poetry, called the Trinity University Review; it was first published in 1880 as Rouge et Noir (French, meaning Red and Black).[http://www.trinlife.org/trinlife/Trinlife%202004%20ONLINE.pdf Trinlife 2004] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182034/http://www.trinlife.org/trinlife/Trinlife%202004%20ONLINE.pdf|date=2016-03-03}} Jenn Hood and Graeme Schnarr. Retrieved on 4-1-2007. In its early days, the Review published student essays, including on contentious debates at the college such as federation and the status of female students.Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852-1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, p. 41-46.

More recently, there is also Trinity Times, a student published newspaper which was founded around the time of the pandemic.https://trintimes.ca/about/

Trinity College also has its own recognized student clubs which are related to but distinct from the boarder University of Toronto clubs.https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/engage/get-involved/clubs-organizations/ The clubs get funding directly from the Trinity College Meeting (TCM). The clubs in Trinity are diverse and are sometimes open to the public. Some of the clubs include the above mentioned Literary Institute, Trinity College Chinese Student's association,https://tccsa.sa.utoronto.ca/ and The Trinity College Go Club (which has Canadian Go Association recognition).https://leago.gg/cga/club/73ge34hhaohttps://trinitygoclub.wordpress.com/

File:Trinity College Dramatic Performance (1902).jpg The Trinity College Dramatic Society (TCDS) was established in 1919,{{cite web|url=https://discoverarchives.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/trinity-college-dramatic-society|title=Trinity College Dramatic Society - Discover Archives|website=discoverarchives.library.utoronto.ca|access-date=2020-04-07}} and since 1921 has put on at least one full-length production each year. In recent years the TCDS has produced four shows per season, including a spring musical, selected by the college-elected TCDS committee. The TCDS used Hart House as a performance venue from 1921 until 1979, when the George Ignatieff Theatre (GIT) was constructed at Trinity.{{cite web|url=http://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/Booking_Your_Event/GIT/Background.htm|title=Theatre ~ Main Page|website=www.trinity.utoronto.ca|access-date=2010-04-14|archive-date=2010-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617180825/http://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/Booking_Your_Event/GIT/Background.htm|url-status=dead}} While most productions are now in the GIT, plays have also been staged in other rooms at Trinity and outside in the quadrangle, most notably the annual Shakespeare in the Quad production - a continuation of the oldest outdoor Shakespeare festival in Canada. The TCDS frequently performs student-written productions. Prior TCDS student playwrights include the Canadian film director Atom Egoyan and the journalist John Ibbitson.

At Trinity, the final student government authority is the Trinity College Meeting (TCM), a direct democracy body in which all students have equal standing (conditional on the wearing of gowns at meetings). The TCM directly governs major policy questions and the allocation of student funds, and convenes a series of committees to provide recommendations on all aspects of student life. The TCM delegates responsibility for daily affairs to six student Heads, following annual elections. There are two Heads of college, two Heads of Arts (social), two Heads of Non-Residents and one to two Head(s) of Divinity; in each case, one Head is female and one male.{{cite web | url = https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/prospective/student-life/student-life.html | title = Student Life | website = Trinity College}} Students of the Faculty of Divinity additionally elect one or two Heads each year, although they do not serve as officers of the TCM.

File:Choir Loft at Trinity College Toronto.jpg

The Trinity College Chapel Choir, which grew out of the Trinity Choral Club established in the 1890s, consists of about 30 singers of mixed voice, selected by audition. Trinity College awards choral scholarships to roughly one third of the choir, tenable for private voice coaching, from an endowment of $125,000. Since the construction of the chapel in 1955, the Chapel Choir has sung an Evensong service every Wednesday night during term, in the tradition of Oxford and Cambridge choral foundations. The Chapel Choir sings from the loft at the rear of the chapel, approximately {{convert|20|ft|m}} above the main chapel floor, where the Casavant pipe organ is also located. Accompaniment is provided by the Bevan Organ Scholar, typically an undergraduate music student, who is appointed for three years and paid from a $100,000 endowment.{{cite web|url=http://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/About_Trinity/Chapel/Music.htm|title=Music At Trinity College Chapel|website=www.trinity.utoronto.ca}} A Director of Music conducts the choir, mentors the organ scholar, and occasionally plays the organ during services. Since 2006, the Director of Music has been Prof. John Tuttle, who is also Professor of Organ at the Faculty of Music, sometime Choirmaster and Organist at St. Thomas's Anglican Church (from 1989 to 2016),{{cite web|url=http://stthomas.on.ca/former-organists-choirmasters/|title=Former Organists and Choirmasters {{!}} St. Thomas's Anglican Church, Toronto|website=stthomas.on.ca|language=en|access-date=2017-09-25}} and conducted the Exultate Chamber Singers until his retirement in 2010.{{cite web|url=http://www.music.utoronto.ca/faculty/faculty_members/instructors_s_to_z/john_tuttle.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128073606/http://www.music.utoronto.ca/faculty/faculty_members/instructors_s_to_z/john_tuttle.htm|title=University of Toronto, Faculty of Music, Faculty Members: John Tuttle, Professor of Organ|archive-date=November 28, 2010}}

File:Trinity College, Toronto, in Winter.jpg

Trinity is the last undergraduate college at the University of Toronto that continues the tradition of Formal Hall during the academic year; High Table dinners are usually held after Evensong on Wednesdays. Before the meal, one of the Student Heads or another positioned member of college (in order of precedence determined by seniority) is responsible for saying the Latin grace: Quae hodie sumpturi sumus, benedicat Deus, per Iesum Christum Dominum Nostrum. Amen. (May God bless what we are about to receive this day, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.) Formal Hall is marked by the enforcement of a number of regulations known as “Strachan Hall Etiquette.” The most evident of these is the dress code, of which Trinity's distinctive academic gowns are the essential element for all members of college. In addition to the wearing of the gown, men were historically required to wear a jacket, collared shirt, long pants and a tie, as well as close-toed shoes. If a member of college has had the honour of being "{{not a typo|poored out}}", they are then permitted to wear their tie tied on the remains of his gown. For women of college, the dress code consists of a similar prohibition on open-toed shoes. The dress code is not longer enforced on all students, though there still is a healthy encouragement to 'dress up' if at all possible.[http://froshweek.trinlife.org/files/Trinlife.pdf Trinlife 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128145406/http://froshweek.trinlife.org/files/Trinlife.pdf |date=2007-11-28 }} Casey Gorman and Josh Chung. Retrieved on 9-27-2007.

The various points of etiquette are enforced by the second-year students, led by the Heads of Second Year. The Second Year students act as “deputies of the hall” and are in charge of enforcing the dress code as well as maintaining discipline during the meal. Any student in violation of the dress code will not be allowed to enter the hall until they are dressed appropriately; this regulation is relaxed for non-resident students. The second year students also have the authority to physically eject any student who causes a ruckus during the meal.

In parody of the college's Oxbridge traditions, the first year students would occasionally disrupt the formality of the meal by hurling buns at their fellow undergraduates. When this occurred, it was the job of the second years to eject all offending first years, or occasionally fellow upper years, from the hall. This was generally done with much struggle, however with little injury to any of the parties concerned. As the artillery was traditionally limited to simple bread rolls, no significant damage results from these incidents.Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852-1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, p. 166. This tradition has since fallen into abeyance, as formal dinners went from a daily to a weekly event.{{cite magazine |last= Mancuso |first= Sterling |date= November 2019 |title= Bottle Rolls and Pelican Clubs: The Extinct Traditions of Trinity College |url= https://issuu.com/salterrae/docs/salt_issue_2_for_print_2019_final|magazine= The Salterrae |location= Toronto|publisher= Trinity College |access-date= 8 June 2019}}

{{Further|List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College}}

File:Christmasdinnerinstrachan2006.jpg

Until 1993, weekday dinners at Trinity College were punctuated by the tradition of "{{not a typo|Poorings Out}}". This tradition was a tongue-in-cheek way of imposing "discipline" on errant male members of college. The name "{{not a typo|Pooring out}}" relates to the "poor" behaviour of the targeted student. Often spurious or humorous reasons would be given for a {{not a typo|pooring out}}. Under this tradition, members of second year would attempt to expel an "errant" student from the dining hall during the first 15 minutes of dinner. The targeted student would lie across the dinner table, and was usually defended by three fellow students who linked together to form a strong a defensive shell over the table and on top of the targeted student. Upon a publicly announced "call" as to the alleged transgression, the assembled members of second year would stampede from their seats to the defenders, where they were given one minute to pull the targeted student off the table. On the rare occasion that a defence did prevail for more than one minute, the defendant was permitted to leave the dining hall on his own feet. Otherwise, the head of second year (or delegate) would drag the defendant out of the hall.

In 1992 a campaign was organised against {{not a typo|poorings}} out by a vocal minority of students who claimed victimisation. College authorities banned {{not a typo|poorings}} out on the basis of legal liability in 1993. Rather than simply disappearing, the tradition of the {{not a typo|pooring out}} has merely evolved to suit the contemporary climate. Today, {{not a typo|pooring}} out is an honour generally reserved for students elected to prominent positions in the college, particularly the Student Heads. Both men and women may now be {{not a typo|poored out}}; however the actual practice is most often gender segregated. For example, a man of college is defended by men and {{not a typo|poored out}} by men, while a woman of college is defended by women and {{not a typo|poored out}} by women. On account of the administration's aforementioned hostility to the practice, they are no longer supposed to take place on college grounds and are absolutely forbidden in Strachan Hall. Rather, {{not a typo|poorings-out}} now often occur during The Lit. However, their actual form has changed little. The student selected to be {{not a typo|poored out}} lies across a table while three of his fellow students lie across him to defend him. The assemblage is then rushed by the upper year students, who shred the gown of the person, while removing his or her defenders. Once a student has been {{not a typo|poored out}}, they wear the remains of their gown bound as a sash. The gown is never to be washed, mended or sewn and must be worn in its original state as a sign of pride for the experiences of the student whilst at Trinity.{{cite magazine |last= Trinity College Historical Society|date= September 2007 |title=Poorings-Out: A History |magazine= The Salterrae |location= Toronto|publisher= Trinity College}}

File:St. Hilda's Baseball Team, 1957.jpg

Prior to the desegregation of residences in 2005, St. Hilda's College maintained a distinct residence life for the women of college, with its own institutions and traditions. These included an independent student government, literary institute, and dramatic society. Through till the 1950s, St. Hilda's students were required to attend services in the makeshift college chapel, as well as volunteer in the university settlement house.{{cite book |last=Kuhn (Kirkwood) |first=Naomi |editor-last=Sutton |editor-first=Barbara |title=Sanctam Hildam Canimus: A Collection of Reminiscences |publisher=University of Toronto Press |date=1988 |pages=17–9 |chapter=Two St. Hildians - Mother and Daughter}} Other St. Hilda's-specific traditions included the wearing of halos, a reference to the nickname "Saints" given by the men of Trinity to the women of St. Hilda's.{{cite book |last=Sutton (Ham) |first=Barbara |editor-last=Sutton |editor-first=Barbara |title=Sanctam Hildam Canimus: A Collection of Reminiscences |publisher=University of Toronto Press |date=1988 |page=73 |chapter=The Spirited Year}} The men of Trinity often performed "Saints Serenades," which generally involved singing late at night outside the windows of St. Hilda's.{{cite book |last=Ham (Grout) |first=Margaret |editor-last=Sutton |editor-first=Barbara |title=Sanctam Hildam Canimus: A Collection of Reminiscences |publisher=University of Toronto Press |date=1988 |page=23 |chapter=Timor Dei Principium Sapientiae}} Male students were strictly limited in their access to the residence for its first decades of existence. These restrictions were eventually loosened to reflect the changing moral norms of Toronto. Trinity men often found creative ways to sneak into the building after hours, or occasionally engaged in forceful panty raids, to the consternation of the administration.{{cite magazine |last= Miller | first=Weston |date= April 2, 0167 |title=Some THings Never Change: A Trip Into Trinity's Past |magazine= The Salterrae |location= Toronto|publisher= Trinity College |url= https://issuu.com/salterrae/docs/salterrae_issue_4_issuu}}

Episkopon is a controversial student society at Trinity College, with a male branch founded in 1858Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852-1952. Trinity University Review, 1952, p. 34.

and a female branch founded in 1899.{{cite news |newspaper = National Post |last = Black |first = Shannon |title = Juvenile jokes or cruel cuts? Episkopon, the 140-year-old vehicle of public shaming at U of T's Trinity College |volume= 1 |issue = 129 |pages = B12}} The society operated mostly in public, and often with official support and encouragement until it was banned from Trinity grounds by the college administration in the 1990s. Episkopon has since gone underground, and continues to operate as a pseduo-secret society.

Trinity College was incorporated under an act of the United Province of Canada in 1851, and granted the privileges of a university by a Royal Charter of Queen Victoria of July 16, 1852. The college federated with the University of Toronto under an agreement of 1903, and its present legal status as a federated university is governed under The University of Toronto Act, 1971, as amended. Governance at Trinity College operates according to the College Statutes and regulations, first consolidated in 1982 and substantially revised in 1996.{{cite web |url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/TrinityCollege_Statutes_Amended_2013_10_24_Final_AC.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-06-05 |archive-date=2020-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605160510/https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/TrinityCollege_Statutes_Amended_2013_10_24_Final_AC.pdf |url-status=dead }}

In its early years, governance at Trinity College was essentially dominated by Bishop Strachan, who held a statutory veto power over the then-unicameral College Council.Westfall, William. The Founding Moment. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002, p. 27-38.

Today, the highest governing body at Trinity is the College Corporation. The Corporation presently consists of over 500 elected and statutory members, including alumni, faculty, staff, student leaders, the Anglican Bishops of Ontario, and representatives from each Diocese. Corporation meets biannually, and receives reports from the Provost and chairs of other College bodies, such as the board of trustees and the Senate. Corporation also formally elects the College Chancellor, Provost, Secretary, and the ceremonial Public Orator and Esquire Bedells.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/discover/about/who-we-are/governance/corporation/|title=Corporation}}

The College Senate and Board of Trustee are under the authority of the corporation, and meet regularly to oversee the governing of the college. The Board of Trustees sets the college budget, approves academic appointments, sets student residence fees, recommends a candidate for Provost to Corporation, and is generally responsible for all business and affairs of the college not vested in the Senate.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/discover/about/who-we-are/governance/board-of-trustees/|title=Board of Trustees}} The Senate is primarily responsible for approving academic courses and programs to be offered by the college, as well as maintaining policies for student life, safety, and admissions.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/discover/about/who-we-are/governance/senate/|title = Senate}}

The Council of the Faculty of Divinity is a committee of the College Senate, and is responsible for all advising on all matters relating to the Faculty of Divinity.

The Chancellor is the ceremonial head of the Trinity College. They chair meetings of the corporation, and hands out degrees at the Divinity Convocation. The Chancellor is elected by Corporation for five year terms, may be re-elected without restriction, and must be a member of the Anglican Church of Canada.{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/discover/about/who-we-are/chancellor/|title=Chancellor}}

The Provost is the day-to-day chief executive of the college, and serves as Vice Chancellor. The Provost serves for five year terms, and may be re-elected once. The Provost lives in College in a designated "Provost's Lodge."{{cite web|url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/discover/about/who-we-are/provost/|title=Provost}}

{{center|{{Gallery|width=135|File:Sir_John_Beverley_Robinson.jpg| John Beverley Robinson

|File:John_Hillyard_Cameron.jpg| John Hillyard Cameron

|File:George_William_Allan.jpg| George William Allan

|File:Georgewhitaker.JPG| George Whitaker

|File:Christopher_Robinson.jpg| Christopher Robinson

|File:Bill_Graham_by_Rod_Brito.jpg| Bill Graham

}}}}

{{See also|Category:Trinity College (Canada) alumni}}

File:GG-Adrienne Clarkson2.jpg|Adrienne Clarkson

File:ArchibaldLampman23.jpg|Archibald Lampman

File:Portrait of Gilbert Parker.jpg|Gilbert Parker

File:Ravi Vakil.jpg|Ravi Vakil

File:Victoria, BC Liberal Town Hall Forum public libéral.jpg|Michael Ignatieff

File:Diplomat Michael Wilson.png|Michael Wilson

File:Victoria Matthews (cropped).jpg|Victoria Matthews

File:John Tory 2014.jpg|John Tory

|Michael Chong

File:Malcolm Gladwell 2014 (cropped).jpg|Malcolm Gladwell

File:Atomegoya.jpg|Atom Egoyan

File:Ed Broadbent in 2019.jpg|Ed Broadbent

File:Ted Rogers statue The Best Is Yet To Come Rogers Centre.JPG|Edward Samuel Rogers

File:2017 Halifax International Security Forum (37604059155) (cropped)Dr. Margaret MacMillan.jpg|Margaret MacMillan

Trinity has graduated notable academics including theologian William Robinson Clark, Michael Ignatieff, and former Trinity provost Margaret MacMillan, numerous politicians including the aforementioned Michael Ignatieff, his father George Ignatieff, former leader of the opposition and interim leader of the Liberal Party of Canada Bill Graham (Trinity's chancellor from 2007 until his death in 2022), former leader of the New Democratic Party Ed Broadbent, and former Governor General Adrienne Clarkson as well as numerous notable diplomats including former Trinity Chancellor and Canadian Ambassador to the United States Michael Wilson. Stephen Harper, Canada's 22nd Prime Minister, attended Trinity for a brief period before dropping out in his first semester.{{cite book |last= Ibbitson |first= John |title= Stephen Harper |publisher= Signal |year= 2015 |pages = 17–19}}

To the field of business, Trinity has contributed Ted Rogers, president and CEO of Rogers Communications, and Jim Balsillie, former co-CEO of Research In Motion. To the arts, Trinity has contributed poets Archibald Lampman and Dorothy Livesay, architect Frank Darling, and filmmaker Atom Egoyan. Numerous high-ranking officials in the Anglican Church are also former Trinity students, including Andrew Hutchison, retired Primate of the Anglican Church of Canada.[http://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/About_Trinity/History/Distinguished_Graduates.htm Distinguished Graduates - Trinity College in the University of Toronto] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113033405/http://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/About_Trinity/History/Distinguished_Graduates.htm |date=2007-11-13 }} Forty-three graduates of Trinity having been awarded Rhodes Scholarships.

File:Trinity College Weather Station.jpg

• Trinity College is believed by many to be the setting of Robertson Davies' novel The Rebel Angels.Hill, Declan. "The Tempest at Trinity". Ideas, 1993. Toronto: CBC Radio Evidence includes the similarities between Trinity and the fictional College described in the text (such as Hollier's office matching Trinity's Organmaster's office), and that a picture of Trinity's central tower (Episkopon Tower) is prominently featured on the cover of the novel's first edition.
• On April 30, 2002, Canada Post issued "University of Trinity College, 1852–2002" as part of the Canadian Universities series. The stamp was based on a design by Steven Slipp, based on photographs by James Steeves and on an illustration by Bonnie Ross. The 48¢ stamps are perforated 13.5 and were printed by Ashton-Potter Canada Limited.{{cite web|url=http://data4.collectionscanada.gc.ca/netacgi/nph-brs?s1=%28University.TITP.%29+Or+%28University.TITI.+And+null.B742.%29&l=20&d=STMP&p=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2Farchivianet%2F02011702_e.html&r=6&f=G&Sect1=STMP|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130101051821/http://data4.collectionscanada.gc.ca/netacgi/nph-brs?s1=%28University.TITP.%29+Or+%28University.TITI.+And+null.B742.%29&l=20&d=STMP&p=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2Farchivianet%2F02011702_e.html&r=6&f=G&Sect1=STMP|url-status=dead|title=Canadian Postal Archives Database|date=1 January 2013|archive-date=1 January 2013}}
• The Trinity College campus has served as the filming set for scenes in many movies and television series, including Searching for Bobby Fischer, The Skulls, Tommy Boy, Moonlight and Valentino, Class of '96, TekWar, and Ararat and also Relic Hunter.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
• Since 1987, Environment Canada has hosted a climatological observation station on the Eastern edge of the Trinity grounds, between the residence houses and Philosopher's Walk
• The University of Toronto Beekeeping Education Enthusiast Society maintains two beehives on the roof of Trinity's eastern Henderson Tower

{{Reflist|2}}

• Westfall, William. The Founding Moment: Church, Society, and the Construction of Trinity College. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002.
• Reed, T. A. [https://archive.org/details/historyofunivers00reed/mode/2up A History of the University of Trinity College]. Toronto: 1952.
• Melville, Henry. (1852). [https://archive.org/details/riseprogressoftr00melvuoft The Rise and Progress of Trinity College, Toronto; with a Sketch of the Life of the Lord Bishop of Toronto as Connected with Church Education in Canada]. Toronto: Henry Roswell.
• Watson, Andrew. Trinity, 1852-1952. Toronto: Trinity Review, 1952.
• Sutton, Barbara. Sanctam Hildam Canimus : A Collection of Reminiscences. Toronto: St. Hilda's College, 1988.
• Butler, David Gordon. Bishop John Strachan and Heraldry in the University of Trinity College, Toronto. Richmond Hill: Stratford Herald Publishing Company, 2013.
• Spragge, George W. Trinity Medical College. Toronto: Ontario Historical Society, 1966.

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