Trochulus hispidus
{{Short description|Species of gastropod}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Trochulus hispidus live.jpg
| image_caption = A live individual of Trochulus hispidus (an older adult with most of the hairs worn off of the shell)
| image2 = Trochulus hispidus 01.JPG
| image2_caption = Five views of a shell of Trochulus hispidus
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| taxon = Trochulus hispidus
| authority = (Linnaeus, 1758)Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. pp. [1-4], 1-824. Holmiae. (Salvius).
| synonyms = Trichia hispida
Trochulus sericeus (Draparnaud, 1801)Draparnaud J. P. R. 1801. Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. pp. [1-2], 1-116. Montpellier, Paris. (Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson).
Trichia sericea (Draparnaud, 1801)
}}
Trochulus hispidus, previously known as Trichia hispida, common name, the "hairy snail", is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.
Distribution
This species occurs in a number of European countries and islands including:
Western Europe:
- The British Isles: Great Britain and Ireland
- Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg
- Faroe Islands
- France
- Switzerland, Liechtenstein
Northern Europe:
Central Europe:
- Austria, Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania
Southern Europe:
Eastern Europe:
- Moldova
- Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
- UkraineBalashov I. & Gural-Sverlova N. 2012. An annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs of Ukraine. Journal of Conchology. 41 (1): 91-109.
- Russian Federation (Kaliningrad)
Description
The 3-6 x 5-11 mm shell has 5-6 moderately convex whorls which are rounded or very slightly keeled at the periphery. The aperture has a thin white lip inside. The umbilicus is open and usually wide at 1/8-1/4 of shell diameter. In colour the shell is brown to cream, sometimes with a light band at the periphery. The periostracum is irregularly striated, and densely covered with short (0.2-0.3 mm), curved hairs. These hairs usually remain in the umbilicus if worn away from the rest of the shell. Lost hairs leave pronounced scars.
The animal is brownish grey with a darker anterior part.[http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/species?id=1327 "Species summary for Trochulus hispidus"]. AnimalBase, last modified 4 January 2014, accessed 28 June 2014.
Image:Trichia hispida SEM dart.jpg of the love dart of Trochulus hispidus, Upper image is lateral view - scale bar 500 μm (0.5 mm). Lower image is a cross-section near the base - scale bar 50 μm.]]
Anatomy
This species of snail creates and uses love darts before mating. The love dart of this species is thorn-shaped.
Shepeleva (2014) studied eyes of Trochulus hispidus.{{in lang|ru}} Shepeleva I. P. (2014). "Сравнительный анализ камерных глаз брюхоногих легочных моллюсков Trochulus hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) из Южной Швеции и Калининградской области (Stylommatophora, Hygromiidae). A comparative analysis of the camera eyes of gastropod pulmonate mollusk Trochulus hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the South Sweden and Kaliningrad Region (Stylommatophora, Hygromiidae)". Ruthenica 24(2): 123-127 [http://www.ruthenica.com/documents/Vol24_123-127_Shepeleva PDF].
Ecology
The size of the egg is 1.5 mm.Heller J.: Life History Strategies. in Barker G. M. (ed.): [https://books.google.com/books?id=WlvX-9Wt0toC&hl The biology of terrestrial molluscs]. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, {{ISBN|0-85199-318-4}}. 1-146, cited page: 428.
A hairy snail was found in the plumage of a great tit (Parus major) wintering in southwestern Poland in 2010. This passerine was the smallest bird species reported to carry a gastropod.Rusiecki S. & Rusiecka A. 2013. [http://www.foliamalacologica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=402&catid=114&Itemid=146 Hairy snail Trochulus hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) in flight - a note on avian dispersal of snails.] Folia Malacologica 21(2):111-112.
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- Dépraz A., Hausser J. & Pfenninger M. (2009). "A species delimitation approach in the Trochulus sericeus/hispidus complex reveals two cryptic species within a sharp contact zone". BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009(9): 171. {{doi|10.1186/1471-2148-9-171|doi-access=free}}
- Kruckenhauser L., Duda M., Bartel D., Sattmann H., Harl J., Kirchner S. & Haring E. (2014). "Paraphyly and budding speciation in the hairy snail (Pulmonata, Hygromiidae)". Zoologica Scripta, 43(3): 273-288. {{doi|10.1111/zsc.12046}}.
- Proćków M. & Kuźnik-Kowalska E. (2016). "Major fitness components in life history of euryoecious land snail Trochulus hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758)(Gastropoda: Hygromiidae)". Folia Malacologica 24: 179-184. {{doi|10.12657/folmal.024.015}}. [http://www.foliamalacologica.com/download.php?ma_id=2093 PDF]
External links
- [http://eol.org/pages/452027/media Trochulus hispidus as Trichia hispida] images at Encyclopedia of Life
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