Trolleybuses in Pyongyang
{{Short description|Public transport network in Pyongyang, North Korea}}
{{Infobox trolleybus system
| color = FF0000
| name = Pyongyang trolleybus system
| system =
| logo =
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| image = Pyongyang bus.jpg
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| caption = Pyongyang Trolleybus Factory Chollima 90 trolleybus.
| locale = Pyongyang, North Korea
| open = {{Start date|1962}}
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| status = Active
| lines = 12
| routes =
| owner =
| operator = Capital City Passenger Transport Company
| depot = {{unbulleted list|Ryonmot Trolley Bus Office|Phyongchon Trolley Bus Office|Munsu Trolley Bus Office|Songsin Trolleybus Office|Kwangmyong-dong}}
| stock = At least 370 trolleybuses{{cite web |title=Vehicle Statistics Pyongyang, Trolleybus |url=https://transphoto.org/show.php?cid=349&t=2 |access-date=26 October 2021}}
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| total_track_length = {{convert|56.6|km|mi|abbr=on}}
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The Pyongyang trolleybus system ({{Korean|평양 무궤도전차}}) forms part of the public transport network of Pyongyang, the capital city of North Korea, and extends to some of its suburbs.
History
The first plans for a trolleybus network were proposed in 1957, though construction only began in 1960, after Kim Il Sung ordered it. The network begun operation on 30 April 1962, with an opening ceremony at Pyongyang Railway station to commemorate the opening of the line from the Three Revolutions Exhibition at Ryonmot-dong to the railway station. The network began without a depot; trolleybuses were parked in the open. In September 1963, the Pyongyang station to Arch of Triumph. In the second half of 1964, a line from Moranbong to Palgol opened. By the end of 1964, the fleet consisted 130 Chollima-9.11 and 24 Chollima 9.25 articulated trolleybuses. Two lines opened in 1965: from Pyongyang station to West Pyongyang on 6 April and from Department Store No. 1 to Taedonggang station on 25 August.{{Cite book|last=Association.|first=National Trolleybus|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1063569172|title=Trolleybus magazine.|publisher=Trolleybus Museum Company|volume=245|pages=98–108|oclc=1063569172}} During that time, there were also alleged plans for the construction of an intercity line to Pyongsong.{{Cite web|title=Beitrag – trolley:motion|url=https://www.trolleymotion.eu/trolleynews/beitrag/|access-date=2021-03-17|language=de-DE}} Since then, a number of routes have been abolished, replaced by the tram system, though with the closure of tram line 1 from Songsin to Songyo, this section was rebuilt as a trolleybus line. The system is continuously developed, with a new depot serving line 1 and 10 vehicles built in 2016.
The first closures occurred in the 1970s, due to the opening of the Pyongyang Metro. This was followed by a resurgence in the 1980s, when four new routes opened. Closures occurred again in the 1990s due to the opening of the tram network in Pyongyang.{{Cite book|last=Association.|first=National Trolleybus|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1063569172|title=Trolleybus magazine.|publisher=Trolleybus Museum Company|volume=244|oclc=1063569172}}page:77
Between 1996 and 2005, part of the trolleybus line in Pyongsong was cut off from the rest of the line, with the area where the line belonged to being transferred to Unjong-guyok of Pyongyang.{{Cite web|title=Beitrag – trolley:motion|url=https://www.trolleymotion.eu/trolleynews/beitrag/?id=8564|access-date=2021-07-30|language=de-DE}}
In 2020, the total route length was about {{convert|62.6|km|mi|abbr=on}} and comprised 11 routes.
During the 2022 Day of the Sun celebrations, a new line from Songyo to Songhwa was opened, while the line from West Pyongyang to Thermal Power was rerouted, both to serve the new Songhwa and Kyongru-dong residentials districts that they respectively pass through, providing convenient transport to the residents of the new districts.{{Cite web |title=KCNA {{!}} Article {{!}} Trolley Bus Operation Starts in Kyongru-dong and Songhwa Street |url=http://kcna.kp/en/article/q/e2d7f07cabba9163367d22f8b19235c4.kcmsf |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=kcna.kp}}
Services
There are a total of 10 lines in operation. Some former lines were replaced by the tram system that opened in 1989. The numbers indicated on the dashboard are not route numbers – they are the stopping pattern of that service. This was implemented in July 1972, when Kim Il Sung sought to reduce traffic jams of trolleybuses, after trolleybus headways were decreased in 1 minute in April 1972.page:75
{{Cite web|title=Pyongyang|url=https://transphoto.org/city/349/|access-date=2020-12-10|website=transphoto.org}}{{Cite web|title=平壌市無軌道電車(トロリーバス)|url=http://2427junction.com/dprkpyongyangtrolleybus.html|access-date=2020-12-10|website=2427junction.com}}
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Route Number !Origin !Destination !Notes |
| 1
|Ryonmot-dong (련못동) (평양역) | |
| 2
(서평양) (평양역) |Trolleybuses do not actually reach the railway station; instead it turns around at West Pyongyang depot. |
| 3
|Thermal Power (화력) |West Pyongyang (서평양) |Trolleybuses do not actually reach the railway station; instead it turns around at West Pyongyang depot. It was rerouted as part of the opening of Kyongru-dong residential development, now travelling along Yongung Street and Hyoksin Street, instead of Moranbong Street, Inhung Street and Ponghwa Street. |
| 4
(송신) |Songyo (선교) |Replaced tram line 1 in its route on the right bank when its section from Songsin to Pyongyang railway station closed. |
| bgcolor=#FF0000 |4 (old)
|Hwanggumbol station (황금벌) |Songsin station (송신역) |Former line 4 ran from Songsin railway station to Hwanggumbol metro station, replaced by tram line 1 until section over Taedong River closed. |
| |Songyo (선교)
|Songhwa (송화) |Newest line, opened to serve the 10,000 residential development at Songhwa Street. |
| 5
|Munsu (문수) |Department Store No.2 (2백) |Currently runs on Sangwon street |
| bgcolor=#FF0000 |5 (old)
|East Pyongyang Grand Theatre (동평양 대극장) (1백) | |
| 6
|Sadong (사동) |Department Store No.1 (1백) | |
| bgcolor=#FF0000 |7
|Rangrang (락랑) |Munsu (문수) |Closed, replaced by tram line 2 |
| 8
(황금벌) (개선문) |Connects Hwanggumbol metro station to Kaesong station. |
| bgcolor=#FF0000 |8 (old)
(광복역) (모란봉) |Closed section replaced by tram line 1 |
| 9
|Ryonmot-dong (련못동) (룡성) |Line to outskirts of Pyongyang |
| 10
(평양역) (과학기술전당) |Runs through Mirae Scientists Street. |
| bgcolor=#FF0000 |10 (old)
|Palgol (팔골) |Rangrang (락랑) |Closed, replaced by tram line 1 and 3 |
| 11
|West Pyongyang (서평양) |Sopo (서포) | |
| |Kwangmyong-dong (광명동)
|Paesan-dong (배산동) |
Fleet
Most of the vehicles used on the system are North Korean made; some of them based on the Czech Karosa buses. The fleet also includes Hungarian Ikarus trolleybuses, imported as diesel buses and later reconstructed into trolleybuses.
For the full list including vehicles in use in other cities, see Trolleybuses in North Korea. The only trolleybus operated in Pyongyang that was not manufactured by Pyongyang Trolleybus Factory was a single Jipsan-85 articulated trolleybus.{{Cite web|title=Pyongyang, Trolleybus — Vehicle Statistics|url=https://transphoto.org/show.php?cid=349&t=2|access-date=2022-01-25|website=transphoto.org|language=en}}
File:1964-built Pyongyang articulated trolleybus 903 in 2014.jpg|A Chollima 9.25 built in 1964
File:In front of Pyongyang Station DPRK.jpg|Chollima-70 #801 outside the Pyongyang Station
File:North Korea-Pyongyang-Blue bus-01.jpg|A Chollima 973 trolleybus converted from a Karosa C734 diesel bus
File:Trolleybus in Pyongyang.jpg|A Chollima 973 trolleybus, #590 also converted from Karosa C734
File:Chollima-091-193.jpg|A domestically produced Chollima-091, 2014
File:Laika ac Pyongyang (7975527162).jpg|Chollima-862 produced since 1986
=New rolling stock=
File:Veteran trolleybus in Pyongyang.jpg
New trolleybuses are also produced in other provinces and cities, such as in Chongjin.{{Cite web|url=https://exploredprk.com/articles/new-model-of-trolley-buses-manufactured/|title = New Model of Trolley Buses Manufactured|date = 4 February 2018}}{{Cite web|title=Rodong Sinmun|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2020-03-28-0007|access-date=2020-10-19|website=rodong.rep.kp}}
Despite the new technology incorporated with the new trolleybuses such as a dual power supply using a battery as a backup and LED displays,{{Cite web|title=平壌市無軌道電車(トロリーバス)車両紹介－万里馬-312型|url=http://2427junction.com/dprkpyongyangtrolleybusc5.html|access-date=2020-10-19|website=2427junction.com}} they do not have air conditioning.
The new trolleybuses were subject to news coverage in the Rodong Sinmun, receiving multiple front-page headlines subjecting the tests.{{Cite web|title=平壌市無軌道電車(トロリーバス)車両紹介－千里馬-316型|url=http://2427junction.com/dprkpyongyangtrolleybusc4.html|access-date=2020-10-19|website=2427junction.com}} Kim Jong Un also made visits to the Pyongyang Trolley Bus Factory, with the intention to turn the factory 'into a world-class trolley bus producer'.{{Cite web|last=Political News Team|date=|title=Kim Jong Un Inspects Pyongyang Trolley Bus Factory|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2018-02-01-0009|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-19|website=rodong.rep.kp}} The first visit in February featured the Chollima-316 trolleybus, while the August visit featured the Chollima-321 trolleybus.{{Cite web|last=Political News Team|date=|title=Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un Watches New-type Trolley Bus and Tram|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2018-08-04-0009|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-19|website=rodong.rep.kp}}
In total, about 200 Chollima-091 were manufactured, about twenty Chollima-316 and at least 40 Chollima-321 were produced.{{Cite web|title=Chollima 321|url=https://transphoto.org/model/6323/|access-date=2021-03-17|website=transphoto.org|language=en}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{commons category-inline|Trolleybuses in Pyongyang}}
- [https://www.trolleymotion.eu/trolleystaedte/stadt/?id=158 Trolleybus city: Pyongyang (North Korea)] at Trolleymotion (German, with automated translation to English and other languages available on-site)
- [https://transphoto.org/photo/1105883/?gid=1760 Map of Pyongyang Trolleybus]. Transphoto.