Tropical Storm Percy (1993)

{{infobox weather event

| name = Tropical Storm Percy

| image = Percy Jul 29 1993 1053Z.png

| caption = Tropical Storm Percy near peak intensity on July 29

| formed = {{Start date|1993|07|26}}

| dissipated = {{End date|1993|08|01}}

}}{{infobox weather event/JMA

| winds = 60

| pressure = 975

}}{{infobox weather event/JTWC

| winds = 65

| pressure =

| basin = WPac

}}{{infobox weather event/Effects

| year = 1993

| fatalities =

| damage = 35400000

| areas = Japan

| refs =

}}{{infobox weather event/Footer

| season = 1993 Pacific typhoon season

}}

Tropical Storm Percy, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Miling, was an early-season tropical cyclone that passed through Japan during July 1993. An area of disturbed weather developed in the Philippine Sea on July 26. Gradual development ensued and on July 27, the disturbance was classified as a tropical depression. The following morning, the depression was upgraded into Tropical Storm Percy. Moving north-northwest, Percy slowly deepened and obtained its peak intensity of {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=flip}} and a minimum barometric pressure of {{convert|975|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4}}. Late on July 29, Percy passed over Kyushu and began to weaken. Percy was downgraded to a tropical depression on July 30 and dissipated completely two days later.

Across Kagoshima Prefecture, ten people suffered injuries. A total of 5,000 households lost power in Kumamoto Prefecture, with an additional 33,200 individuals losing power in Nagasaki Prefecture. Across Aichi Prefecture, 31 houses were damaged. In all, damage was estimated at 3.93 billion yen (US$35.4 million), though there were no deaths.{{#tag:ref|All currencies are converted from Japanese yen to United States Dollars using [https://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/exchangeglobal/result.php?year_source=1993&year_result=1993&countryE%5B%5D=Japan this] with an exchange rate of the year 1993.|group=nb}}{{#tag:ref|All damage totals are in 1993 values of their respective currencies.|group="nb"}}

Meteorological history

Tropical Storm Percy originated from an area of persistent convection over the Philippine Sea, which separated from a large area of deep convection associated

with converging monsoonal flow into Tropical Storm Ofelia, that was first noted by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) on July 26. Thirty hours later, an increase in thunderstorm activity prompted a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert{{cite report|title=Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1993|publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1993atcr.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915171035/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1993atcr.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 15, 2012|author2=Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|accessdate=August 17, 2017|year=1994}} while the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression.{{cite report|author=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=October 10, 1992|title=RSMC Best Track Data – 1990–1999|accessdate=August 17, 2017|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/Besttracks/bst9099.txt|format=.TXT}}{{#tag:ref|The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|title=Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000|date=February 2001|accessdate=August 17, 2017|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2000/Text/Text2000.pdf|page=3}}|group="nb"}}{{#tag:ref|Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are sustained over 10 minutes, while estimates from the United States-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute. 10-minute winds are about 1.14 times the amount of 1-minute winds.{{cite book|author=Christopher W Landsea|author2=Hurricane Research Division|title=Frequently Asked Questions|chapter=Subject: D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?|accessdate=August 17, 2017|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E7.html|date=April 26, 2004}}|group="nb"}} Around this time, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) also monitored the storm and assigned it with the local name Milling.{{cite report|url=http://www.typhoon2000.ph/oldPAGASAnames.jpg|title=Old PAGASA Names: List of names for tropical cyclones occurring within the Philippine Area of Responsibility 1991–2000|work=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration|accessdate=August 17, 2017|publisher=Typhoon 2000}} At 18:00 UTC on July 27, the JTWC followed suit and declared the system a tropical depression,{{cite report|author1=Kenneth R. Knapp |author2=Michael C. Kruk |author3=David H. Levinson |author4=Howard J. Diamond |author5=Charles J. Neumann |year=2010|work=The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data|title=1993 PERCY (1993207N19130)|publisher=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|accessdate=August 17, 2017|url=http://www.atms.unca.edu/ibtracs/ibtracs_current/browse-ibtracs/index.php?name=v03r09-1993207N19130}} following an increase in organization. Around this time, the depression was located around {{convert|500|km|mi|abbr=on|round=5|order=flip}} south-southeast of Okinawa.{{cite report|author1=Hong Kong Observatory|author-link=Hong Kong Observatory|title=Meteorological Results: 1993|chapter=Part III – Tropical Cyclone Summaries|journal=Meteorological Results|year=1994|url=https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/publica/tc/files/tc1993.pdf|accessdate=August 17, 2017|pages=14|publisher=Hong Kong Observatory}} Based on ship reports, the JTWC and the JMA each upgraded the cyclone to Tropical Storm Percy on the morning of July 28.

Following two previous tropical cyclones to the northwest, Percy tracked generally north-northwest while slowly strengthening.{{cite report|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1993/1993s-bwp/bwp121993.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311023356/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1993/1993s-bwp/bwp121993.txt|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 11, 2010|title=Typhoon 12W Best Track|date=December 17, 2002|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|accessdate=August 17, 2017|format=TXT}} On the evening of July 28, the JMA declared Percy a severe tropical storm. The development of a cloud-filled eye and satellite intensity estimates of T4.0/{{convert|75|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=flip}} prompted the JTWC to upgrade Percy into a typhoon midday on July 29, with winds of {{convert|75|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=flip}}, its peak intensity. Meanwhile, the JMA estimated that Percy attained its peak wind speed of {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=flip}} and a minimum barometric pressure of {{convert|975|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4}}. Accelerating towards Japan, Percy began to weaken. That evening, the storm made landfall over Kyushu before emerging into the Sea of Japan. On July 30, the JMA downgraded Percy to a tropical depression, and several hours later, the JTWC issued its final advisory on the system, as it had dissipated over the Sea of Japan. The JMA ceased tracking the system altogether on August 1.

Impact

The cyclone, along with Tropical Storms Nathan and Percy before it, dropped heavy rainfall across southern portions of the Japanese archipelago across late July and early August 1993.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=Typhoon 199306 (Percy)|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/dsummary.pl?id=199306&basin=wnp&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=October 1, 2017}}{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=Typhoon 199305 (Ofelia)|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/dsummary.pl?id=199305&basin=wnp&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=May 8, 2020}}{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=Typhoon 199304 (Nathan)|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/dsummary.pl?id=199304&basin=wnp&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=May 8, 2020}} A total of {{convert|1282|mm|in|abbr=on}} occurred at Ebino, the highest across the country during this series of tropical cyclones.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS EBINO (87346) @ Typhoon 199306|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=87346&id=199306&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=October 1, 2017}} A peak hourly rainfall total of {{convert|82|mm|in|abbr=on}} was observed by Lake Miike.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS KIRISHIMAMIIKE (87386) @ Typhoon 199306|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=87386&id=199306&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=October 1, 2017}} Meanwhile, a peak daily precipitation total of {{convert|637|mm|in|abbr=on}} fell in Asahimaru.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS ASAHIMARU (71151) @ Typhoon 199306|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=71151&id=199306&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=October 1, 2017}} A wind gust of {{convert|98|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} was recorded in Kinugasayama.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS KINUGASAYAMA (84516) @ Typhoon 199306|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=84516&id=199306&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=October 1, 2017}} Overall, damage was estimated at 3.93 billion yen (US$35.4 million), though no fatalities were reported.

Five landslides occurred and six roads were damaged in Tokushima Prefecture.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-895-07|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1993-895-07&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=March 20, 2018}} Damage in the Kochi Prefecture was less than that from Tropical Storm Ofelia.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-893-06|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1993-893-06&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=March 20, 2018}} Twenty-two buses in Ehime Prefecture were cancelled, which affecting 2,100 citizens.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-887-17|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1997-887-17&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=August 11, 2017}} Heavy rains from Ofelia, Percy, and Nathan caused Nagasaki City to have their wettest July on record.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-830-10|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1993-830-10&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=March 20, 2018}} In Nage City in Kagoshima prefecture, strong winds partially destroyed one house and injured an individual. Offshore, a {{convert|6,466|MT|ST|abbr=on}} ferry was titled sideways, resulting in ten injured.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-827-10|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1993-827-10&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=March 20, 2018}} Crop damage in Kumamoto Prefecture reached 487 million yen and around 5,000 customers were left without power.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-819-11|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1993-819-11&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=March 20, 2018}} A 47-year-old women in Nagasaki Prefecture was injured by strong winds. Around 33,200 people lost power throughout the prefecture.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-817-19|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1997-817-19&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=March 20, 2018}} In Oita Prefecture, damage was estimated at 40 million yen.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-815-11|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1997-815-11&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=March 20, 2018}} Damage in Saga Prefecture totaled 800 million yen.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-813-07|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1993-813-07&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=March 20, 2018}} Two people were injured in Fukuoka Prefecture, where heavy rains resulted in 2.26 billion yen of damage.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-807-09|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1993-807-09&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=March 20, 2018}} Two homes were destroyed in Osaka Prefecture while at the Kansai International Airport, 26 flights were cancelled.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-772-10|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1993-772-10&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=March 20, 2018}} In Yamaguchi Prefecture, damage was estimated at 346 million yen.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-762-05|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1993-762-05&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=March 20, 2018}} Thirteen flights were called off at the Oki Airport.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-741-09|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1993-741-09&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=March 20, 2018}} Fourteen train lines were delayed for 37 minutes.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-638-08|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1993-638-08&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=March 20, 2018}} Across western portions of Aichi Prefecture, thirty-one homes were damaged and one was destroyed.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-636-04|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1993-636-04&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=March 20, 2018}} Due to a combination of Ofelia and Percy, eight homes were damaged in Hokkaido Prefecture.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1993-430-03|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1993-430-03&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 22, 2020}}

Tropical Storm Percy (1993)

Meteorological history

Impact

See also

Notes

References