Tsybin RSR
{{Short description|1959 reconnaissance aircraft prototype by Tsybin}}
{{Infobox aircraft
|name = RSR
|logo =
|image = Rsr_3.jpg
|caption = Orthographically projected diagram of the Tsybin RSR
|type = Reconnaissance aircraft
|manufacturer = Tsybin OKB-256
|designer = P. V. Tsybin
|first_flight = 7 April 1959
|introduction =
|retired =
|status = Prototype/project
|primary_user = USSR
|more_users =
|produced =
|number_built =
|program cost =
|unit cost =
|developed_from =
|variants =
}}
The Tsybin RSR (Reactivnyy Strategicheskiy Razvedchik, Cyrillic Реактивный Стратегический Разведчик, Russian for "jet strategic reconnaissance") was a Soviet design for an advanced, long-range, Mach 3 strategic reconnaissance aircraft.
Development and design
In 1954, the design bureau headed by Pavel Tsybin started development of a ramjet-powered supersonic strategic bomber, the RS. This design proved impracticable, and a smaller derivative, the 2RS was proposed, which would achieve intercontinental range by being air-launched from a modified Tupolev Tu-95 bomber.Butowski 1998. p. 39–40.
This too was unsuccessful, with the aircraft unable to return to base if used on an intercontinental mission, while being incapable of carrying a thermonuclear bomb.Gunston 1995, p. 376. The design was therefore revised again to a reconnaissance aircraft capable of operating from conventional runways, the RSR. As ramjets could not be used for take-off, they were replaced by turbofans.
The RSR was primarily of aluminium construction, with a long circular-section fuselage, which housed a pressurized cabin for the pilot together with cameras and fuel, with thin, low-aspect-ratio trapezoidal wings. The engines, two Soloviev D-21 turbofans, were mounted at the tips of the wings. The aircraft had a bicycle undercarriage, with outriggers under the engine nacelles. It was planned to cruise at greater than Mach 2 at a height of 20,000 m (65,600 ft) giving a range of {{convert|3,760|km|mi|abbr=on}}.
A simplified, full-sized aerodynamic prototype for the novel layout, the NM-1 was built in 1957. Intended for low-speed handling tests, the NM-1 had a steel-tube fuselage with duraluminium and plywood skinning.Air International February 1977, p. 98. This aircraft, powered by two Mikulin AM-5 turbojets first flew on 7 April 1959.Gunston 1995, p. 377. Based on the results of these trials, the RSR was redesigned (as the R-020) to make it more manoeuvrable at high altitude (it was proposed to carry out barrel rolls to avoid surface-to-air missiles).[http://www.testpilot.ru/russia/tsybin/r020/r020_e.htm Tsybin R-020]. www.testpilot.ru. Retrieved 28 February 2008. More conventional Tumansky R-11 turbojets (the engine used in the MiG-21) replaced the unavailable Soloviev turbofans. Five R-020 airframes were virtually complete, only awaiting engines by April 1961, with another 10 planned, when Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev cancelled the program.
Specifications (R-020)
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Soviet X-Planes,{{cite book |last=Gordon |first=Yefim |title=Soviet X-Planes |year=2000 |publisher=Midland |location=Hinkley |isbn=978-1-85780-099-9 |last2=Gunston |first2=Bill |pages=191–192}} The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995Gunston 1995, p. 378.
|prime units?=met
|crew=1
|length m=28
|length note=
|span m=10.66
|span note=
|height m=
|height note=
|wing area sqm=64
|wing area note=[http://www.testpilot.ru/russia/tsybin/nm/nm1_e.htm Tsybin NM-1]. www.testpilot.ru. Retrieved 28 February 2008.
|aspect ratio=
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=9100
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=19870
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{cvt|10700|kg|0}}
|more general=
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=Tumansky R-11F
|eng1 type=turbojet engines
|eng1 lbf=8686
|eng1 note=
|eng1 lbf-ab=13,635
|max speed kmh=2600
|max speed note=at {{cvt|12000|m}}
|max speed mach=2.44
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=4000
|range note=
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=
|ceiling m=22500
|g limits=
|roll rate=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading note=
|disk loading kg/m2=
|disk loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=
- Take-off run: {{cvt|1200|m}}
- Landing run: {{cvt|800|m}} with brake parachute
|avionics=
}}
See also
References
=Notes=
{{reflist}}
=Bibliography=
- Butowski, Piotr. "Steps Towards 'Blackjack': Soviet supersonic intercontinental bombers before the Tu-144". Air Enthusiast. No. 73, January - February 1998. Stamford, Lincolnshire: Key Publishing. Page 36-49. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}.
- Gunston, Bill. The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875 - 1995. London: Osprey, 1995. {{ISBN|1-85532-405-9}}.
- "Plane Facts:Soviet strategic reconnaissance". Air International, February 1977, Vol 12 No 2. Bromley, UK:Fine Scroll. p. 98.
External links
- [http://www.testpilot.ru/russia/tsybin/rsr/rsr_e.htm Tsybin RSR]
- [http://www.testpilot.ru/russia/tsybin/nm/nm1_e.htm Tsybin NM-1]
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvy5jAfC10s Clip Tsybin NM-1]
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTyQmGOo094 Clip Tsybin NM-1]
{{Tsybin aircraft}}
Category:1960s Soviet military reconnaissance aircraft
Category:Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
Category:Aircraft first flown in 1959