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Tumpeng

{{Short description|Indonesian cone-shaped rice dish}}

{{about|Indonesian rice dish|the Malaysian rice dish|Nasi tumpang}}

{{Infobox food

| name = Tumpeng

| image = Tumpeng-Jawa.jpg

| image_size = 275

| caption = Tumpeng: cone-shaped rice surrounded by assorted Indonesian dishes

| alternate_name =

| country = Indonesia{{cite web | title=The Rice Cone or "Nasi Tumpeng", Traditional Rice Cone, the Pride of Indonesia | author=Riyan | date= 8 April 2013 | url=http://www.describeindonesia.com/en/culinary/item/155-the-rice-cone-or-%E2%80%9Cnasi-tumpeng%E2%80%9D,-traditional-rice-cone,-the-pride-of-indonesia.html | publisher=Describe Indonesia | access-date=11 June 2014 }}

| region = Java, Nationwide

| national_cuisine = Indonesia

| creator =

| course = Main course

| served = Hot or room temperature

| main_ingredient = Cone-shaped rice, urab (vegetables in shredded coconut), fried chicken, fried tempeh, boiled marble egg, shredded omelette, salted anchovy, and peanuts

| variations = Tumpeng robyong, tumpeng putih, tumpeng nasi uduk, tumpeng slametan (nasi kuning)

| calories =

| other =

}}

{{Cuisine of Indonesia}}

Tumpeng (Javanese: {{script|Java|ꦠꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦁ}}; Balinese: {{script|Bali|ᬢᬸᬫ᭄ᬧᭂᬂ}}) is an Indonesian cone-shaped rice dish with side dishes of vegetables and meat originating from Javanese cuisine.{{Cite web |date=2020-06-30 |title=Hidangan Simbol Kehidupan |url=https://www.kompas.id/baca/kompas_multimedia/hidangan-simbol-kehidupan |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=Kompas.id |language=id}} Traditionally featured in the slametan ceremony, the rice is made by using a cone-shaped woven bamboo container. The rice itself may be plain steamed rice, uduk rice (cooked with coconut milk), or yellow rice (uduk rice colored with (turmeric)).{{cite web | title=The Rice Cone or "Nasi Tumpeng", Traditional Rice Cone, the Pride of Indonesia | author=Riyan | date= 8 April 2013 | url=http://www.describeindonesia.com/en/culinary/item/155-the-rice-cone-or-%E2%80%9Cnasi-tumpeng%E2%80%9D,-traditional-rice-cone,-the-pride-of-indonesia.html | publisher=Describe Indonesia | access-date=11 June 2014 }}

The rice cone is set out on the {{lang|jv|tampah}} (rounded woven bamboo container), covered with a banana leaf, and surrounded by assorted Indonesian dishes. In 2013, the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy promoted tumpeng as one of 30 Indonesian culinary icons{{cite web | title=Tumpeng, Ikon Kuliner Indonesia | date= 22 April 2013 | url=http://travel.kompas.com/read/2013/04/22/11332778/Tumpeng.Ikon.Kuliner.Indonesia | publisher=Travel Kompas.com| language=id | access-date=11 June 2014 }} and declared it Indonesia's official national dish in 2014, describing it as "the dish that binds the diversity of Indonesian various culinary traditions".{{cite web | title=Celebratory rice cone dish to represent the archipelago | url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/02/10/celebratory-rice-cone-dish-represent-archipelago.html | author=Nadya Natahadibrata | publisher=The Jakarta Post | date=10 February 2014 | access-date=2014-07-09}}

Tumpeng is a symbol of gratitude. According to folklore in Java and Bali, the cone-shaped dish symbolises life and the glory of God as the creator of nature, and the side dishes and vegetables represent the life and harmony of nature. Usually, tumpeng is served with spinach, which is a traditional symbol of prosperity in Javanese agricultural society.{{cite web|last1=Folklore|first1=Javanese|title=What Tumpeng Means for Us Indonesians|url=http://indonesiapa.com/2014/what-is-tumpeng-means-for-us|website=www.indonesiapa.com|publisher=Indonesiapa Webzine|access-date=12 July 2014|ref=meaning of tumpeng|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714160021/http://indonesiapa.com/2014/what-is-tumpeng-means-for-us|archive-date=14 July 2014}}

Surrounding dishes

File:Tumpeng.jpg

The cone-shaped rice is surrounded by assorted Indonesian dishes, such as urap vegetables, ayam goreng (fried chicken), ayam bakar (grilled chicken), empal gepuk (sweet and spicy fried beef), abon sapi (beef floss), semur (beef stew in sweet soy sauce), teri kacang (anchovy with peanuts), fried prawn, telur pindang (boiled marble egg), shredded omelette, tempe orek (sweet and dry fried tempeh), perkedel kentang (mashed potato fritters), perkedel jagung (corn fritters), sambal goreng ati (liver in chilli sauce), sliced cucumbers and many other things.{{Cite news|url=https://food.detik.com/jamuan/d-424112/menyiapkan-lauk-tumpeng|title=Menyiapkan Lauk Tumpeng|work=detikfood|access-date=2018-01-25|language=id}}

Variations

{{More citations needed section|date=February 2021}}

File:Tumpeng hias .jpg

There are several variants of tumpeng, determined according to the ceremonies.

  • Tumpeng Robyong — This kind of tumpeng usually served in the traditional Javanese siraman (bridal shower) ceremony. Tumpeng is placed on bakul bamboo rice container; egg, shrimp paste, shallots and red chilli are placed on top.
  • Tumpeng Nujuh Bulan — This kind of tumpeng is served in the seventh month of pregnancy (prenatal ceremony). Tumpeng is made of plain white rice. The main tumpeng is surrounded by six smaller tumpeng; all tumpengs are erected on tampah covered with banana leaf.
  • Tumpeng Pungkur — Used in the ceremony for the death of a virgin or unmarried male or female. It is made from white rice surrounded only with vegetable dishes. Later, the tumpeng must be cut vertically into two parts evenly and placed one against another.
  • Tumpeng Putih — White tumpeng, uses white rice since white symbolizes holiness in Javanese culture. This kind of tumpeng is employed in sacred ceremonies.
  • Tumpeng Nasi Kuning — Yellow tumpeng: The yellow color represents gold, wealth, abundance, and high morals. This kind of tumpeng is employed in cheerful and happy festivities and celebrations, such as births, engagements, marriage, Eid, Christmas, etc.
  • Tumpeng Nasi Uduk (also called tumpeng tasyakuran) — The uduk rice (rice cooked in coconut milk) employed in the Maulud Nabi ceremony: celebrating the birthday of Muhammad.
  • Tumpeng Seremonial/Modifikasi — This contemporary tumpeng is relatively more open for modifications and adaptations. It depends on the discretion, taste, and request of the host.
  • Mini Tumpeng — This kind of small rice cone, which is usually served for 1 person like a rice box. The uniqueness about it is a mini cone served in a unique place with a transparent mica lid, so food can be seen from the outside.
  • Character Tumpeng Rice — This is usually used for birthdays or conventions, and young children and pop culture fans love it because of its unique shape, but the unique shape can also be used like a cone for a birthday celebration or fan conventions.

Contemporary tradition

File:Tumpeng Feast.JPG tumpengs served during a feast.]]

Today, most Indonesians serve tumpeng as a dish to celebrate a special occasion, such as a birthday party, arisan, family or neighborhood gathering, farewell party, celebrations, recitals, and many other joyous events.{{cite web | title=Tumpeng, Special Dish For Special Ceremony | first=trik | last=simple | url=https://www.triksimple.com/2021/11/tumpeng-sajian-khas-untuk-perayaan.html | publisher=triksimple.com | access-date=20 July 2014}}{{dead link|date=March 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Because of its festive and celebration value, up until now tumpeng sometimes seen as an Indonesian counterpart of birthday cake.{{cite web | title=A Look at Birthday Cakes from Around the World | first=Annelise | last= McAuliffe | date=2 June 2014 | url=http://honestcooking.com/look-birthday-cakes-around-world/ | publisher=Honest Cooking, Gastronomy and Travel | access-date=20 July 2014}}

In 2009, Garuda Indonesia started offering Mini Nasi Tumpeng Nusantara as part of its new concept to highlight Indonesia's hospitality.{{cite web | title=Garuda Indonesia Experience - Penerbangan yang Mencerminkan Indonesia | url=http://v2.garudamagazine.com/department.php?id=190 | publisher=garudamagazine.com | language=id | access-date=11 June 2014 }}

Tumpeng is offered in Indonesian restaurants abroad, such as in neighboring Singapore{{cite web |title=Yellow Rice Singapore – Nasi Tumpeng |publisher=IndoChili Indonesian Restaurant |url=https://www.indochili.com/nasi-tumpeng-singapore.html}} and the Netherlands{{cite web |title=Dewi Sri Restaurant |location=Rotterdam, The Netherlands | publisher=Tripadvisor | url=http://www.tripadvisor.co.nz/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g188632-d2437507-i73673929-Dewi_Sri-Rotterdam_South_Holland_Province.html}} as well as in Kelantan.{{cite web |title=Nasi Tumpang di Kelantan |location=Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia |website=YouTube |url=https://youtube.com/E8Ugh8Iod6o}}

The building of Suharto's Purna Bhakti Pertiwi Museum in Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, Jakarta, took shape of tumpeng.{{cite web | title=Museum Purna Bhakti Pertiwi |url=http://www.touristlink.com/indonesia/museum-purna-bhakti-pertiwi/overview.html | publisher=touristlink | access-date=11 June 2014 }}

See also

{{portal|Indonesia|Food}}

References

{{reflist}}

External links

{{Commons category|Tumpeng}}

  • {{in lang|id}} [https://archive.today/20110710234246/http://www.femina-online.com/kuliner/tips_detail.asp?id=14&views=97 Resep Nasi Tumpeng]
  • {{in lang|en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20140714160021/http://indonesiapa.com/2014/what-is-tumpeng-means-for-us Philosophical meaning of tumpeng ]

{{Rice dishes}}

{{Indonesian cuisine}}

Category:National dishes

Category:Javanese cuisine

Category:Indonesian rice dishes

Category:Ceremonial food and drink

Category:Banana leaf