Turbo generator

File:Turbinaszerelés.jpg

The first turbo-generators were electric generators powered by water turbines. The first Hungarian water turbine was designed by the engineers of the Ganz Works in 1866; industrial-scale production with dynamo generators started only in 1883.{{Cite web |url=http://www.sze.hu/~mgergo/EnergiatudatosEpulettervezes/2013_1_feladat/ErosErika/V%EDzenergia%20hasznos%EDt%E1s%20szigetk%F6zi%20szemmel%20EL%D5AD%C1SANYAG.pdf |title=Vízenergia hasznosítás szigetközi szemmel Avagy mi lesz veled, Dunakiliti? |access-date=2013-10-15 |archive-date=2013-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015093136/http://www.sze.hu/~mgergo/EnergiatudatosEpulettervezes/2013_1_feladat/ErosErika/V%EDzenergia%20hasznos%EDt%E1s%20szigetk%F6zi%20szemmel%20EL%D5AD%C1SANYAG.pdf |url-status=dead }} Engineer Charles Algernon Parsons demonstrated a DC steam-powered turbo generator using a dynamo in 1887,{{Cite book

|title = Creating the Twentieth Century

|last = Smil

|first = Vaclav

|isbn = 0195168747

|publisher = Oxford University Press

|year = 2005

|pages = [https://archive.org/details/creatingtwentiet0000smil/page/63 63]–64

|url = https://archive.org/details/creatingtwentiet0000smil

|url-access = registration

}} and by 1901 had supplied the first large industrial AC turbo generator of megawatt power to a plant in Elberfeld, Germany.{{Citation

|title=Scientific American

|date=27 April 1901

}}

Turbo generators were also used on steam locomotives as a power source for coach lighting and water pumps for heating systems.

Turbo generators are used for high shaft rotational speeds, typical of steam and gas turbines. The rotor of a turbo generator is a non-salient pole type usually with two poles.{{cite book | title=Basic Electrical Engineering (Be 104) | publisher=McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited | isbn=978-1-259-08116-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtoM4dbYvE0C&pg=SA8-PA1 | access-date=8 August 2017 | page=8.1 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211234348/https://books.google.com/books?id=LtoM4dbYvE0C&pg=SA8-PA1 | archive-date=11 February 2018 | year=1990 }}

The normal speed of a turbo generator is 1500 or 3000 rpm with four or two poles at 50 Hz (1800 or 3600 rpm with four or two poles at 60 Hz). The rotating parts of a turbo generator are subjected to high mechanical stresses because of the high operation speed. To make the rotor mechanically resistant in large turbo-alternators, the rotor is normally forged from solid steel and alloys like chromium-nickel-steel or chromium-nickel-molybdenum are used. The overhang of windings at the periphery will be secured by steel retaining rings. Heavy non-magnetic metal wedges on top of the slots hold the field windings against centrifugal forces. Hard composition insulating materials, like mica and asbestos, are normally used in the slots of the rotor. These materials can withstand high temperatures and high crushing forces.{{cite book | title=Basic Electrical Engineering (Be 104) | publisher=McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited | isbn=978-1-259-08116-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtoM4dbYvE0C&pg=SA8-PA1 | access-date=8 August 2017 | page=8.3 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211234348/https://books.google.com/books?id=LtoM4dbYvE0C&pg=SA8-PA1 | archive-date=11 February 2018 | year=1990 }}

The stator of large turbo generators may be built of two or more parts while in smaller turbo-generators it is built up in one complete piece.{{cite book | title=Basic Electrical Engineering (Be 104) | publisher=McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited | isbn=978-1-259-08116-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtoM4dbYvE0C&pg=SA8-PA1 | access-date=8 August 2017 | page=8.4 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211234348/https://books.google.com/books?id=LtoM4dbYvE0C&pg=SA8-PA1 | archive-date=11 February 2018 | year=1990 }}

{{Main|Hydrogen-cooled turbo generator}}

Based on the air-cooled turbo generator, gaseous hydrogen first went into service as the coolant in a hydrogen-cooled turbo generator in October 1937, at the Dayton Power & Light Co. in Dayton, Ohio.{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/chronologicalhis00natirich|title=A chronological history of electrical development from 600 B.C.|last=National Electrical Manufacturers Association|date=11 February 2018|publisher=New York, N.Y., National Electrical Manufacturers Association|via=Internet Archive}} Hydrogen is used as the coolant in the rotor and sometimes the stator, allowing an increase in specific utilization and a 99.0% efficiency. Because of the high thermal conductivity, high specific heat and low density of hydrogen gas, this is the most common type in its field today. The hydrogen can be manufactured on-site by electrolysis.

The generator is hermetically sealed to prevent escape of the hydrogen gas. The absence of oxygen in the atmosphere within significantly reduces the damage of the windings' insulation by eventual corona discharges. The hydrogen gas is circulated within the rotor enclosure, and cooled by a gas-to-water heat exchanger.{{cite web|url=http://www.gepower.com/prod_serv/products/generators/en/hydrogen_cool.htm|title=Aeroderivative & Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines - GE Power|website=www.gepower.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505085646/http://www.gepower.com/prod_serv/products/generators/en/hydrogen_cool.htm|archive-date=2010-05-05}}

• Alternator
• Thermal power station

{{reflist|group=note}}

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/02/turbines/moritz-presentation-galv.pdf Small Turbo-generator for DG & Hybrids]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Turbo Generator}}

Category:Turbo generators