Turkdean

Turkdean was recorded as Turcandene in the 8th century and was listed as Turchedene or Turghedene in the Domesday Book of 1086.{{cite book

| last = Mills

| first = A. D.

| title = Dictionary of English Place-Names

| publisher = Oxford University Press

| year = 1998

| pages = 354

| isbn =0-19-280074-4 }}{{cite web

| title = Turkdean

| work = Domesday Book

| publisher = The National Archives

| year = 1086

| url = http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7577454&queryType=1&resultcount=2

| access-date =25 January 2010 }} It derives from the Old English for "valley (denu) of a river called Turce", with Turce or Twrch being a lost Celtic river name, possibly meaning boar.{{Citation

| last = Herbert

| first = N. M.

| title = Parishes: Turkdean

| newspaper = A History of the County of Gloucester: volume 9

| pages = 217–233

| year = 2001

| url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66472

| access-date =25 January 2010

}}

The Anglican Church of All Saints was built in the 12th century. It is a grade I listed building.{{cite web |title=Church of All Saints |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1089820 |website=National Heritage List for England |publisher=Historic England |access-date=20 October 2020}}

Turkdean is part of the Sandywell ward of the district of Cotswold, represented by one councillor.{{cite web

| title = Find a district councillor

| publisher = Cotswold District Council

| url = https://www.cotswold.gov.uk/about-the-council/councillors-and-committees/find-a-district-councillor

| access-date =21 December 2024 }} It is within the North Cotswolds constituency, represented in parliament by Conservative MP Geoffrey Clifton-Brown.{{cite web

| title = Geoffrey Clifton-Brown MP

| publisher = Official site

| year = 2010

| url = http://www.cliftonbrown.co.uk/

| access-date =14 June 2010 }}

Prior to Brexit in 2020, it was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament.

Turkdean is in the county of Gloucestershire and lies within the Cotswolds, a range of hills designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It is approximately {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the east of Gloucester. It is approximately {{convert|21|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of its post town Cheltenham and about {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}} south-west of Bourton-on-the-Water. The southeastern boundary follows the route of the Roman road the Fosse Way. Nearby villages include Cold Aston, Hazleton, Clapton, Farmington and Hampnett.

In the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark, Harrison Ford's character, archaeologist Indiana Jones, mentions the Neolithic barrow at Turkdean, near Hazleton, during a university lecture.{{cite web | title = Indiana Jones: The Gloucestershire Connection | publisher = BBC | date = 20 May 2008 | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/gloucestershire/content/articles/2008/05/20/gloucs_archaeology_feature.shtml | access-date =6 July 2009 }} There are two Neolithic long barrows at Hazleton, one of which was excavated over three summer seasons between 1980 and 1982.{{cite web| url = http://www.archaeologyuk.org/ba/ba72/column2.shtml| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120926111448/http://www.archaeologyuk.org/ba/ba72/column2.shtml| archive-date = 2012-09-26| title = British Archaeology 72, September 2003}}

The Channel 4 archaeological television series Time Team made two visits, in 1997 (Time Team Live 1997, repackaged as series 5 episode 4) and 1998 (series 6 episode 9), to excavate a Roman villa site about 1 mile to the north of the village.{{ cite web | title = Time Team Live 1997 | publisher = Channel 4 | url = http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/T/timeteam/archive/ttlive/index2.html | access-date = 19 April 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110908060845/http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/T/timeteam/archive/ttlive/ | archive-date=8 September 2011 | url-status = dead }}{{Cite web

| title = Time Team: The 98 series — Programme 4: Turkdean, Gloucestershire

| publisher = Channel 4

| url = http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/T/timeteam/archive/prog4.html

| access-date = 19 April 2016

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110604015206/http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/T/timeteam/archive/prog4.html

| archive-date = 4 June 2011

| url-status = dead }}

{{ cite web | title = Turkdean, Gloucestershire 28 February 1999 | publisher = Channel 4 | url = http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/T/timeteam/archive/turkdean99.html | access-date = 19 April 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100929182915/http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/T/timeteam/archive/turkdean99.html | archive-date = 29 September 2010 | url-status = dead }}{{ cite web | title = Time Team Series 5 | publisher = Channel 4 | url = http://www.channel4.com/programmes/time-team/episode-guide/series-5/ | access-date = 19 April 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083356/http://www.channel4.com/programmes/time-team/episode-guide/series-5/ | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | url-status = live }}{{ cite web | title = Time Team Series 6 | publisher = Channel 4 | url = http://www.channel4.com/programmes/time-team/episode-guide/series-6/ | access-date = 19 April 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045513/http://www.channel4.com/programmes/time-team/episode-guide/series-6/ | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | url-status = live }}

In 2012, Turkdean Roman Villa was listed as a Scheduled Monument by Historic England.{{cite web |title=Turkdean Roman Villa |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1408772 |website=Historic England |access-date=8 March 2021}}

As previously noted, the term twrch in Welsh denotes "wild boar, hog, mole". So Twrch Trwyth means "the boar Trwyth". Its Irish cognate may be Triath, King of the Swine ({{langx|sga|Triath ri torcraide}}) or the Torc Triath mentioned in Lebor Gabála Érenn,Macalister ed., tr., LGE 1st Red. ¶ 317, LGE 2nd Red. ¶344, 3rd Red. ¶369) also recorded as Old Irish Orc tréith "Triath's boar" in Sanas Cormaic.{{citation|last=Rhys|first=John|title=Celtic folklore: Welsh and Manx|volume=2|year=1901|place=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ASXaAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA537|format=google|pages=520–522; 537–539}} Rachel Bromwich regards the form Trwyth as a late corruption. In the early text Historia Brittonum, the boar is called Troynt or Troit, a Latinisation likely from the Welsh Trwyd. Further evidence that Trwyd was the correct form appears in a reference in a later poem.{{cite book|last=Ekwall|first=Eilert|authorlink=Eilert Ekwall|title=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names|year=1960|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-869103-7|page=482}}

The names of the hound and boar Twrch Trwyth are glimpsed in a piece of geographical onomasticon composed in Latin in the 9th century, the Historia Brittonum.

Twrch Trwyth ({{IPA|cy|tuːɾχ tɾʊɨθ}}; also {{langx|la|Troynt}} (MSS.HK); Troit (MSS.C¹ D G Q); or Terit (MSS. C² L){{Harvnb|Mommsen|1898}} p.217, note to line 18) is an enchanted wild boar in the Matter of Britain that King Arthur or his men pursued with the aid of Arthur's dog Cavall ({{langx|cy|Cafall}}, {{langx|la|Cabal}}).

• Celtic Folklore Welsh And Manx by John Rhys [1901] [https://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/cfwm/index.htm]
• {{citation|editor-last=Mommsen|editor-first=Theodore|title=Historia Brittonvm cvm additamentis Nennii|work=Chronica Minora|volume=3|pages=111–222|series=Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Auctorum Antiquissimi xiii|place=Berlin|year=1898|url=https://archive.org/details/chronicaminorasa13momm/|format=Internet Archive}}

• [https://meetings.cotswold.gov.uk/mgCommitteeMailingList.aspx?ID=1278 Turkdean Parish contact details]
• {{Commons category-inline|Turkdean}}

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Category:Villages in Gloucestershire

Category:Cotswold District