Turkestan Autonomy

{{Short description|1917–1918 state in Central Asia}}

{{More citations needed|date=April 2019}}

{{Infobox former country

| native_name = {{native name|uz-Arab|تورکستان مختاریتی}}
{{resize|80%|Turkiston muxtoriyati}}
{{native name|kk-Arab|تۇركىستان اۆتونومياسی}}
{{resize|80%|Түркістан автономиясы}}
{{native name|ky-Arab|تۉرکستان اۋتونومیياسی}}
{{resize|80%|Түркстан автономиясы}}
{{native name|tg-Arab|مختاریت ترکستان}}
{{resize|80%|Muxtorijati Turkiston}}

| conventional_long_name = Turkestan Autonomy

| common_name =

| era = Russian Civil War

| status = {{nobr|Unrecognized autonomy of Russia}}

| status_text =

| empire =

| government_type = Parliamentary republic

| event_start = Established

| date_start = {{nobr|27 November 1917}}{{efn|name=date_start}}

| year_start =

| event_end = {{nobr|Disestablished}}

| date_end = 22 February 1918

| year_end =

| event_post =

| date_post =

| p1 = Russian Turkestan

| flag_p1 = Flag of Russia.svg

| s1 = Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

| flag_s1 = Turkestan Autonomous SSR Flag.svg

| image_flag = Flag of the Turkestan (Kokand) Autonomy.svg

| flag_alt =

| image_map = 256px

| image_map_alt =

| image_map_caption = Approximate borders of Turkestan Autonomy

| image_map2 =

| image_map2_alt =

| image_map2_caption =

| capital = Kokand

| capital_exile =

| national_motto =

| national_anthem = {{ill|Hymn of the Turkestan Autonomy|ru|Гимн Туркестанской автономии}}

| common_languages = Uzbek
Kazakh
Kyrgyz
Tajik
Russian

| religion = Secular

| demonym =

| currency =

| leader1 = Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpaev

| leader2 = Mustafa Shokay

| leader3 =

| leader4 =

| year_leader1 = 1917

| year_leader2 = 1917-1918

| year_leader3 =

| year_leader4 =

| title_leader = Minister-President

| representative1 =

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| stat_year1 = 1918

| stat_area1 =

| stat_pop1 = {{nobr|Almost 5 million}}

| stat_year2 =

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| today = Uzbekistan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan

| footnote_a =

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| life_span = 1917–1918

}}

The Turkestan Autonomy{{efn|{{langx|uz|Туркистон Мухторияти|Turkiston Muxtoriyati}}; {{langx|kk|Түркістан автономиясы|Türkıstan avtonomiasy}}; {{langx|ky|Түркстан автономиясы|Türkstan autonomiasy}}; {{langx|tg|Мухторияти Туркистон|Mukhtoriyati Turkiston}}; {{langx|ru|Туркестанская автономия|Turkestanskaya Avtonomiya}}}} or Kokand Autonomy was a short-lived state in Central Asia that existed at the beginning of the Russian Civil War. It was formed on 27 November 1917{{efn|name=date_start|November 28 in Kazakh-language sources.{{clarify|reason=Was Kazakstan using a different calendar?|date=April 2019}}}} and existed until 22 February 1918.{{cn|date=April 2019}} It was a secular republic,{{cn|date=April 2019}} headed by a president.

It was one of the first secular states where the majority of the population were Muslims.{{cn|date=April 2019}} It was the first democratic state in the history of Central Asia.{{cn|date=April 2019}} The capital of the state was Kokand, which until then was the capital of the Kokand Khanate. There were 5 official languages: Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tajik and Russian. The population was about 5 million people,{{cn|date=April 2019}} mostly Uzbeks as well as Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, Russians and others.{{cn|date=April 2019}}