Turris

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Turris babylonia shell.jpg

| image_caption = a shell of Turris babylonia

| taxon = Turris

| authority = Batsch, 1789

| synonyms_ref =

| synonyms =

Annulaturris Powell, 1966
Mitra (Turris) Batsch, 1789
Pleurotoma Lamarck, 1799
Pleurotoma (Turris) Batsch, 1789
Turris (Annulaturris) Powell, 1966 · alternate representation

| type_species= Murex babylonius

| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758

}}

Turris is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turridae, the turrids.{{WRMS species|153926|Turris Röding, 1798||10 July 2011}}

Description

The generally large shells are variegated with spots. The fusiform shell is turriculated with a long, sharp spire. The aperture is ovate. The columellar lip is smooth. The outer lip is separated with a narrow profound sinus from the suture rather than distantly. The siphonal canal is long and narrow, straight and open.George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology VI, p. 160; 1884

(Description by Charles Hedley) The shell is large, with a tall slender spire. The outer lip is sharp, without fold or thickening. The siphonal notch is a deep slit with parallel sides following a walled-in fasciole. Within the body whorl are sharp raised revolving threads, a feature shared by related genera. The protoconch consists of two smooth rounded whorls. The operculum is unguiculate, with an apical nucleus.[https://archive.org/details/revisionofaustri00hedl Hedley, C. 1922. A revision of the Australian Turridae. Records of the Australian Museum 13(6): 213-359, pls 42-56]

The foot of the animal is anteriorly truncated but obtuse posteriorly. The tentacles are cylindrical, with the eyes externally near their base The teeth of the toxoglossan radula are falciform and angulated (formula 1-0-1).

Distribution

This genus inhabits warm seas.

Species

The extinct species are only tentatively placed in the genus Turris.

† Turris adendanii Abbass, 1967 [https://www.bagniliggia.it/WMSD/HtmSpecies/5910554353.htm WMSDB Turris adendanii]
† Turris aenigmaticus Dartevelle (E.) & Brébion (P.), 1956 [https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/f/item/r61087?listIndex=1&listCount=36 Dartevelle (E.) & Brébion (P.), 1956 - Mollusques fossiles du Crétacé de la Côte occidentale d'Afrique du Cameroun à l'Angola. 1. Gastéropodes. Annales du Musée royal du Congo belge. Sciences géologiques, vol. 15, p. 1-128]
† Turris aequensis (J.P.S. Grateloup, 1832 ) [https://www.bagniliggia.it/WMSD/HtmSpecies/6488000101.htm WMSD: Turris aequensis]
† Turris ahmedi Abbass, 1967
† Turris altispira (W.L. May, 1922 )
Turris ambages {{small|Barnard, 1958}}{{WRMS species|435125|Turris ambages Barnard, 1958||14 April 2010}}
Turris amicta {{small|(Smith, E.A., 1877)}} {{WRMS species|215076|Turris amicta ||14 April 2010}}
† Turris andersoni Dickerson 1913
Turris annulata {{small|(Reeve, 1843)}}{{WRMS species|432890|Turris annulata (Reeve, 1843)||14 April 2010}}
Turris babylonia ({{small|Linne, 1758)}}{{WRMS species|435126|Turris babylonia (Linne, 1758)||14 April 2010}}
†Turris baudoni (G.P. Deshayes, 1866)
Turris bipartita {{small|Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012}}
Turris brevicanalis {{small|(Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971)}}{{WRMS species|432891|Turris brevicanalis (Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971)||14 April 2010}}
† Turris burroensis Nelson 1925
† Turris canaliculata É.A. Benoist, 1873
† Turris carlsoni Anderson and Martin 1914
Turris chaldaea {{small|Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012}}
† Turris clallamensis Weaver 1916
Turris clausifossata {{small|Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012}}
† Turris cleopatrae Abbass 1967
Turris condei {{small|Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000}}{{WRMS species|435128|Turris condei Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000||14 April 2010}}
Turris crispa {{small|(Lamarck, 1816)}}{{WRMS species|435129|Turris crispa (Lamarck, 1816)||14 April 2010}}
† Turris dickersoni C.E. Weaver, 1916
† Turris elsmerensis English 1914
Turris faleiroi {{small|Kilburn, 1998}}{{WRMS species|435133|Turris faleiroi Kilburn, 1998||14 April 2010}}
†Turris farouqui {{small|Abbass H., 1977}} [http://olivirv.myspecies.info/sites/olivirv.myspecies.info/files/1977_-_abbass_-_a_monograph_on_the_new_miocene_gastropod_species_in_the_cairo-suez_district_egypt._no_figures.pdf Houssein L. Abbass (1977), A Monograph of new Miocene Gastropod Species in the Cairo-Suez District, Egypt; J. Univ. Kuwait (Sci.) 4, 1977]
† Turris fernandoensis English 1914
Turris garnonsii {{small|(Reeve, 1843)}}{{WRMS species|215075|Turris garnonsii (Reeve, 1843)||14 April 2010}}
† Turris garoensis Mukerjee 1939
† Turris gilchristi Dey 1961
Turris grandis {{small|(Gray, 1834)}}{{WRMS species|435134|Turris grandis (Gray, 1834)||14 April 2010}}
Turris guidopoppei {{small|Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012}}
Turris hidalgoi {{small|Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000}}{{WRMS species|435135|Turris hidalgoi Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000||14 April 2010}}
† Turris higoensis Nagao 1928
† Turris hornesi Deshayes 1866
† Turris inconstans Cooper 1894
Turris intercancellata {{small|Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012}}
Turris intricata {{small|Powell, 1964}}
† Turris kaffraria Woods 1906
Turris kantori {{small|Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012}}
Turris kathiewayae {{small|Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012}}
† Turris kirkensis Clark 1915
† Turris lincolnensis Anderson and Martin 1914
† Turris louderbacki Dickerson 1914
† Turris monilifera (Cooper 1894)
† Turris multigyrata Cossmann 1906
Turris normandavidsoni {{small|Olivera, 1999}}{{WRMS species|435140|Turris normandavidsoni Olivera, 1999||14 April 2010}}
† Turris packardi Weaver, 1916
Turris pagasa {{small|Olivera, 1999}}{{WRMS species|435143|Turris pagasa Olivera, 1999||14 April 2010}}
† Turris perarata (TateE in Cossmann, 1896)
† Turris perkinsiana Cooper 1894
† Turris plicata Waring 1917
Turris proesignis (E.A. Smith, 1895)
† Turris pulchra Dickerson 1915
Turris ruthae {{small|Kilburn, 1983}}{{WRMS species|435144|Turris ruthae Kilburn, 1983||14 April 2010}}
† Turris selwyni (Pritchard, 1904)
† Turris semipustulosa Lozouet, 2017
† Turris septemlirata (G.F. Harris, 1897 )
Turris spectabilis {{small|(Reeve, 1843)}}{{WRMS species|215078|Turris spectabilis (Reeve, 1843)||14 April 2010}}
† Turris suturalis Cooper 1894
† Turris thurstonensis {{small|(Weaver, 1916)}}
† Turris trilirata (G.F. Harris, 1897)
Turris venusta {{small|(Reeve, 1843)}}
Turris yeddoensis {{small|(Jousseaume, 1883)}}
† Turris vermicularis (Grateloup, 1832) Kovács, Zoltán, and Zoltán Vicián. "Middle Miocene Conoidea (Neogastropoda) assemblage of Letkés (Hungary), Part II.(Borsoniidae, Cochlespiridae, Clavatulidae, Turridae, Fusiturridae)." Földtani Közlöny 151.2 (2021): 137-137.
† Turris worcesteri Winkle 1918
† Turris wynoocheensis Weaver, 1916

= Fossil ''Turris''-species =

File:Turris aequensis 01.JPG|Turris aequensis

File:Turris canaliculata 01.jpg|Turris canaliculata

File:Turris denticulata 01.jpg|Turris denticulata

File:Turris steinvorthi 01.JPG|Turris steinvorthi

Synonyms

Turris abbreviata (Reeve, 1843): synonym of Lophiotoma abbreviata (Reeve, 1843)
Turris abyssorum (Locard, 1897): synonym of Gymnobela abyssorum (Locard, 1897)
Turris acuta (Perry, 1811): synonym of Lophiotoma acuta (Perry, 1811)
Turris aelomitra Tinker, 1952: synonym of Gemmula monilifera (Pease, 1860) (unavailable name, a name found in collections only)
Turris ankaramanyensis Bozzetti, 2006:{{WRMS species|390515|Turris ankaramanyensis Bozzetti, 2006||14 April 2010}} synonym of Turris tanyspira Kilburn, 1975
Turris annae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1891): synonym of Unedogemmula annae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1891)
Turris antiope (W.H. Dall, 1918): synonym of Mangelia recta E.A. Smith, 1888; synonym of Pleurotoma antiope W.H. Dall, 1918
Turris armilda Dall, 1908: synonym of Fusiturricula armilda (Dall, 1908)
Turris assyria Olivera, Seronay & Fedosov, 2010: synonym of Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turris bairdii W.H. Dall, 1889: synonym of Volutomitra bairdii (W.H. Dall, 1889)
† Turris bimarginatus Suter, 1917: synonym of † Gemmula bimarginata (Suter, 1917) (original combination)
Turris beblammena (Sturany, 1903): synonym of Taranidaphne beblammena (Sturany, 1903)
Turris binda Garrard, 1961: synonym of Unedogemmula unedo (Kiener, 1839)
† Turris brassoensis Mansfield 1925: synonym of † Gemmula machapoorensis Maury 1925
Turris cincta:{{WRMS species|215079|Turris cincta ||14 April 2010}} synonym of Turridrupa cincta (Lamarck, 1822)
Turris cingulifera:{{WRMS species|215074|Turris cingulifera ||14 April 2010}} synonym of Iotyrris cingulifera (Lamarck, 1822)
Turris clionellaeformis (Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1875):{{WRMS species|435127|Turris clionellaeformis (Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1875)||14 April 2010}} synonym of Drillia clionellaeformis (Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1875)
Turris cosmoi Sykes, 1930: synonym of Gemmula cosmoi (Sykes, 1930)
Turris cristata {{small|Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000}}:{{WRMS species|435130|Turris cristata Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000||14 April 2010}} synonym of Purpuraturris cristata (Vera-Peláez, Vega-Luz & Lozano-Francisco, 2000)
Turris cryptorrhaphe {{small|(Sowerby I, 1825)}}:{{WRMS species|435131|Turris cryptorrhaphe (Sowerby I, 1825)||14 April 2010}} synonym of Purpuraturris cryptorraphe (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825) (superseded combination)
† Turris denticula (Basterot, 1825): synonym of † Gemmula denticula (Basterot, 1825)
Turris diaulax Dall, 1908: synonym of Rhodopetoma diaulax (Dall, 1908)
Turris dolenta W.H. Dall, 1908synonym of Fusiturricula dolenta (W.H. Dall, 1908)
Turris dollyae Olivera, 1999:{{WRMS species|435132|Turris dollyae Olivera, 1999||14 April 2010}} synonym of Turris crispa (Lamarck, 1816)
Turris diaulax Dall, 1908: synonym of Antiplanes diaulax (Dall, 1908)
Turris dollyae B. M. Olivera, 1999: synonym of Turris crispa (Lamarck, 1816)
Turris euryclea W.H. Dall, 1919: synonym of Agathotoma alcippe (W.H. Dall, 1918)
Turris formosissima Smith E. A., 1915: synonym of Polystira formosissima (Smith E. A., 1915)
Turris fusinella Dall, 1908: synonym of Fusiturricula fusinella (Dall, 1908)
Turris gilchristi (G. B. Sowerby III, 1902): synonym of Gemmula gilchristi (G. B. Sowerby III, 1902)
Turris halcyonis Dall, 1908: synonym of Ophiodermella inermis (Reeve, 1843)
Turris husamaru Nomura, 1940: synonym of Gemmula husamaru (Nomura, 1940)
Turris hyugaensis T. Shuto, 1961 : synonym of Kuroshioturris hyugaensis (Shuto, 1961)
Turris imperfecti Röding, 1798: synonym of Turris babylonia (Röding, 1798)
Turris indica Röding, 1798: synonym of Unedogemmula indica (Deshayes, 1833)
Turris integra (Thiele, 1925):{{WRMS species|435136|Turris integra (Thiele, 1925)||14 April 2010}} synonym of Crassispira integra Thiele, 1925
Turris invicta Melvill, J.C. 1910: synonym of Unedogemmula unedo (Kiener, 1839)
Turris joubini (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906):{{WRMS species|225112|Turris joubini (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906)||14 April 2010}} synonym of Corinnaeturris leucomata (Dall, 1881)
Turris kilburni Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000:{{WRMS species|435137|Turris kilburni Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000||14 April 2010}} synonym of Turris pagasa Olivera, 2000
Turris lignaria (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903): synonym of Drillia lignaria (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903)
Turris lirata (W.H. Pease, 1869): synonym of Iotyrris cerithiformis (A.W.B. Powell, 1964)
Turris lobata (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903): synonym of Ptychosyrinx lobata (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903): synonym of Cryptogemma praesignis (E. A. Smith, 1895)
Turris locardi A.R.J.B. Bavay, 1906: synonym of Aphanitoma locardi (A.R.J.B. Bavay, 1906)
Turris macella Melvill, 1923: synonym of Agladrillia macella (Melvill, 1923)
Turris marmorata (J.B.P.A. Lamarck, 1816 ): synonym of Lophiotoma acuta (Perry, 1811)
Turris monilifera Pease, 1860: synonym of Gemmula monilifera (Pease, 1860)
Turris munizi Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000:{{WRMS species|432892|Turris munizi Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000||14 April 2010}} synonym of Gemmula lululimi Olivera, 2000
Turris nadaensis M. Azuma, 1973: synonym of Purpuraturris nadensis (M. Azuma, 1973)
Turris nexilis Hutton, 1885: synonym of Taranis nexilis (Hutton, 1885)
Turris nobilis Röding, 1798: synonym of Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turris nodifera (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Turricula javana (Linnaeus, 1767) (combination of M.Smith, 1940)
Turris notilla W.H. Dall, 1908: synonym of Fusiturricula notilla (W.H. Dall, 1908) -
Turris omnipurpurata {{small|Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000}}:{{WRMS species|435141|Turris omnipurpurata Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000||14 April 2010}} synonym of Purpuraturris omnipurpurata (Vera-Peláez, Vega-Luz & Lozano-Francisco, 2000)
Turris orthopleura Kilburn, 1983:{{WRMS species|435142|Turris orthopleura Kilburn, 1983||14 April 2010}} synonym of Makiyamaia orthopleura (Kilburn, 1983)
Turris operosa Röding, 1798: synonym of Doxander operosus (Röding, 1798) (original combination)
† Turris panarica A.A. Olsson, 1942 : synonym of † Buridrillia panarica (A.A. Olsson, 1942)
† Turris paracantha J.E. Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of † Bathytoma paracantha (J.E. Tenison-Woods, 1877)
Turris pluteata Reeve:{{WRMS species|225115|Turris pluteata Reeve||14 April 2010}} synonym of Fusiturris pluteata (Reeve, 1843)
Turris pseudogranosa Nomura, 1940: synonym of Gemmula pseudogranosa (Nomura, 1940)
Turris pulchra Röding, 1798: synonym of Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turris queenslandis A.W.B. Powell, 1969: synonym of Zemacies queenslandica (A.W.B. Powell, 1969)
Turris raffrayi C.M. Tapparone-Canefri, 1878: synonym of Turris babylonia (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
Turris regia Röding, 1798: synonym of Clavatula regia (Röding, 1798)
† Turris regularis Koninck, 1837; synonym of † Orthosurcula regularis (Koninck, 1837)
Turris resina Dall, 1908: synonym of Hindsiclava resina (Dall, 1908)
Turris rugitecta Dall, 1918: synonym of Crassispira rugitecta (Dall, 1918)
Turris ruthveniana Melvill, 1923: synonym of Lophiotoma ruthveniana (Melvill, 1923)
Turris saldanhae Barnard, 1958: synonym of Comitas saldanhae (Barnard, 1958)
Turris solomonensis (Smith E. A., 1876):{{WRMS species|435145|Turris solomonensis (Smith E. A., 1876)||14 April 2010}} synonym of Inquisitor solomonensis (E. A. Smith, 1876)
Turris stolida (Hinds, 1843): synonym of Comitas stolida (Hinds, 1843)
† Turris subconcava (G.F. Harris, 1897) : synonym of † Xenuroturris subconcavus (G.F. Harris, 1897)
Turris tanyspira {{small|Kilburn, 1975}}:{{WRMS species|435146|Turris tanyspira Kilburn, 1975||14 April 2010}} synonym of Purpuraturris tanyspira (Kilburn, 1975)
Turris taxea Röding, 1798: synonym of Clavatula taxea (Röding, 1798)
Turris tigrina Lamarck:{{WRMS species|215077|Turris tigrina Lamarck||14 April 2010}} synonym of Lophiotoma indica (Röding, 1798)
Turris tornatum Röding, 1798: synonym of Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turris torta Dautzenberg:{{WRMS species|225114|Turris torta Dautzenberg||14 April 2010}} synonym of Fusiturris torta (Dautzenberg, 1912)
Turris totiphyllis Oliverio, 1999:{{WRMS species|435147|Turris totiphyllis Oliverio, 1999||14 April 2010}} synonym of Turris hidalgoi Vera-Pelaez, Vega-Luz & Lozano-Francisco, 2000
Turris undatiruga Bivona: synonym of Fusiturris undatiruga (Bivona Ant. in Bivona And., 1838)
Turris undosa {{small|(Lamarck, 1816)}}:{{WRMS species|435148|Turris undosa (Lamarck, 1816)||14 April 2010}} synonym of Purpuraturris undosa (Lamarck, 1816) (superseded combination)
Turris unedo (Kiener, 1839): synonym of Unedogemmula unedo (Kiener, 1839)
Turris violacea:{{WRMS species|215073|Turris violacea ||14 April 2010}} synonym of Tomopleura reevii (C. B. Adams, 1850)
Turris woodii L.C. Kiener, 1840: synonym of Purpuraturris cryptorraphe (G.B. Sowerby I, 1825)

References

Kilburn R.N., Fedosov A.E. & Olivera B.M. (2012) Revision of the genus Turris Batsch, 1789 (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Turridae) with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3244: 1-58.
Dubois A. & Bour R. (2010). The distinction between family-series and class-series nomina in zoological nomenclature, with emphasis on the nomina created by Batsch (1788, 1789) and on the higher nomenclature of turtles. Bonn Zoological Bulletin. 57(2): 149-171.

External links

[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44299736 Batsch A.J.G.C. (1789). Versuch einer Anleitung, zur Kenntniß und Geschichte der Thiere und Mineralien, für akademische Vorlesungen entworfen, und mit den nöthigsten Abbildungen versehen. Vol. 2. Besondre Geschichte der Insekten, Gewürme und Mineralien. Jena: Akademische Buchhandlung]
[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/59480440 Powell, A. W. B. (1966). The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae. An evaluation of the valid taxa both Recent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum. 5: 1-184]
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4201627/ Fedosov, Alexander, et al. "Phylogeny of the genus Turris: Correlating molecular data with radular anatomy and shell morphology." Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 59.2 (2011): 263-270]
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705779/ Kilburn, Richard N., Alexander E. Fedosov, and Baldomero M. Olivera. "Revision of the genus Turris (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Turridae) with the description of six new species." Zootaxa 3244.1 (2012): 1]
[http://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/content/77/3/273.full.pdf Bouchet, P.; Kantor, Y. I.; Sysoev, A.; Puillandre, N. (2011). A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies. 77(3): 273-308.]
[http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2004f/z00682f.pdf Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 682:1-1295.]

Category:Turridae