George Washington Tryon

George Washington Tryon was the son of Edward K. Tryon and Adeline Savidt. In 1853 he attended the Friends Central School in Philadelphia.

In 1859, Tryon became a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. He was largely responsible for the construction of new buildings for the Academy, especially, in 1866, a section for malacology. In 1869 he became the conservator in this malacological section.

In 1865, together with a group of American malacologists, he founded (and financed) the American Journal of Conchology. This ended in 1872.

In 1879 he started the Manual of Conchology; structural and systematic; with illustrations of the species, volume 1, series 1. When he died, nine volumes of the first series had been published. From 1887 until 1888, his assistant was Henry Augustus Pilsbry. Thereafter, Pilsbry continued as editor of the ongoing multi-volume Manual of Conchology. The work was continued until 1935 when 45 volumes had been published.

Tryon named more than 5,600 new species, and can be considered one of the most prolific malacologists. His important collection (more than 10,000 specimens) made the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia the center of malacological studies in the 19th century.

The freshwater snail genus Tryonia is named in his honor.

Tryon published more than 1,000 articles and books.

• Tryon G. W. (January 1) 1861. [https://archive.org/details/listofamericanwr00tryorich List of American writers on recent conchology. With the titles of their memoirs and dates of publication]. New York, Ballière Brothers, 440 Broadway. [https://archive.org/details/listofamericanwr00tryouoft (Another copy of this book.)]
• Tryon, G.W. 1862 : Synopsis of the Recent species of Gastrochaenidae, a family of acephalous Mollusca. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia. Vol. 13:465-94
• Tryon, G.W. 1862 : A sketch of the History of Conchology in the United States. Am. Journ. Sc. Arts. 33
• Tryon G. W. 1863. Notes on American fresh water shells, with descriptions of two new species. proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 14(9): 451–452.
• Tryon G. W. 1864. [https://archive.org/details/completewritings00rafiuoft The complete writings of Constantine Smaltz Rafinesque on recent & fossil conchology]. Edited by Wm. G. Binney and George W. Tryon Jr. – Correct spelling should be Constantine Samuel Rafinesque. The book includes also all of Rafinesque's malacological plates.
• Tryon G. W. 1865. Observations on the family Strepomatidae. American Journal of Conchology, 1(2): 97–135. (Strepomatidae is a synonym for Pleurocerinae in family Pleuroceridae.)
• Tryon G. W. 1865. [https://archive.org/details/synonymyofspecie00tryorich Synonymy of the species of Strepomatidae (melanians) of the United States; with critical observations on their affinities, and descriptions of land, fresh water and marine Mollusca]. New York, Ballière Brothers, 520 Broadway, 100 pp., 2 plates. – ([https://archive.org/details/synonymyofspecie00tryouoft Another copy of this book].) (Strepomatidae is a synonym for Pleurocerinae in family Pleuroceridae.)
• Tryon G. W. 1866–1868. Monograph of the terrestrial Mollusca of the United States. American Journal of Conchology.
• 1866. [https://archive.org/details/americanjournalo02acaduoft 2(3)]: 218–277, plates 1–4.
• 1866. 2(4): 306–327, plates 5–6.
• 1867. 3(2): 155–181, plates 11–14.
• 1868. 3(4): 298–234, plates 14–17.
• Tryon G. W. 1870. [https://archive.org/details/monographoffresh00tryo A monograph of the fresh-water univalve mollusca of the United States. Turbidae, Physadae]. Philadelphia. (In continuation of Prof. S. S. Haldeman's work published under the above title.)
• Tryon, G.W. 1872 : Catalogue and Synonymy of the Recent species of the family Lucinidae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia. pages 82–96
• Tryon G. W. 1873. [https://archive.org/details/americanmarineco00tryorich American marine conchology: or, Descriptions of the shells of the Atlantic coast of the United States from Maine to Florida]. Philadelphia, published by the author.
• Tryon G. W. 1882. [https://archive.org/details/structuralandsy00tryogoog Structural and systematic conchology: an introduction to the study of the Mollusca. Volume I]. Philadelphia, published by the author.
• Tryon G. W. 1882. [https://archive.org/details/structuralsystem12tryo Structural and systematic conchology: an introduction to the study of the Mollusca. Volume II]. Philadelphia, published by the author.
• Tryon G. W. 1884. [https://archive.org/details/structuralsystem03tryo Structural and systematic conchology: an introduction to the study of the Mollusca. Volume III]. Philadelphia, published by the author.

Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. The illustrations in this work were created by Dr. E. J. Nolan.Tryon G. W. Manual of Concology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo01tryorich Volume 1]. Cephalopoda. 1879. (in the introductory statement)

Note: there are old synonyms in names of some volumes.

• 1879 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo01tryorich Volume 1]. Cephalopoda.
• 1880 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo02tryorich Volume 2]. Muricinae, Purpurinae. 289 pp., 70 plates.
• 1880–1881 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo03tryorich Volume 3]. Tritoniidae, Fusidae (= Fasciolariidae), Buccinidae. 310 pp., 87 plates.
• 1882 – [https://archive.org/details/manualconch04tryorich Volume 4]. Nassidae, Turbinellidae, Volutidae, Mitridae.
• 1883 – [https://archive.org/details/manualconch05tryorich Volume 5]. Marginellidae, Olividae, Columbellidae.
• 1884 – [https://archive.org/details/manualconch06tryorich Volume 6]. Conidae, Pleurotomidae.
• 1885 – [https://archive.org/details/manualconch07tryorich Volume 7]. Terebridae, Cancellariidae, Strombidae, Cypraeidae, Ovulidae, Cassididae, Doliidae.
• 1886 – [https://archive.org/details/manualconch08tryorich Volume 8]. Naticidae, Calyptraeidae, Turritellidae, Vermetidae, Caecidae, Eulimidae, Turbonillidae, Pyramidellidae. 461 pp., 79 plates.
• 1887 – [https://archive.org/details/manualconch09tryorich Volume 9]. Solariidae (by William B. Marshall), Ianthinidae, Trichotropidae, Scalariidae, Cerithiidae, Rissoidae, Littorinidae. 488 pp., 71 plates. Note: Solariidae is not a valid family today. (a partial synonym for Architectonicidae?) Published in parts:
• 7 February 1887 – part 33, pages 1–64.
• 8 June 1887 – part 34, pages 65–128.
• 2 September 1887 – part 35, pages 129–224.
• 10 December 1887 – part 36, 36a, pages 225–488.
• 1888–1889 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo110tryo Volume 10]. Neritidae, Adeorbidae, Cyclostrematidae, Liotiidae, Phasianellidae, Turbinidae, Trochidae, Stomatiidae, Haliotidae, Pleurotomariidae. 322 pp., 69 plates. Published in parts:
• 16 March 1888 – part 37, pages 1–64.
• 1 July 1888 – part 38, pages 65–144.
• 1 October 1888 – part 39, pages 145–208.
• 3 January 1889 – part 40, pages 209–323.
• 1889 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo111tryo Volume 11]. Trochidae, Stomatiidae, Pleurotomariidae, Haliotidae. 519 pp., 67 plates. Note: Stomatiidae is a synonym for subfamily Stomatellinae in the family Trochidae.
• 1890 – [https://archive.org/details/manualconch12tryorich Volume 12]. continued by Henry Augustus Pilsbry. Stomatellidae, Scissurellidae, Pleurotomariidae, Haliotidae, Scutellinidae, Addisoniidae, Cocculinidae, Fissurellidae.
• 1891 – [https://archive.org/details/manualconch13tryorich Volume 13]. continued by H. A. Pilsbry. Acmaeidae, Lepetidae, Patellidae, Titiscaniidae.
• 1892 – [https://archive.org/details/manualconch14tryorich Volume 14]. continued by H. A. Pilsbry. Polyplacophora, (Chitons.) Lepidopleuridae, Ischnochitonidae, Chitonidae, Mopaliidae.
• 1893 – [https://archive.org/details/manualconch15tryorich Volume 15]. continued by H. A. Pilsbry. Polyplacophora, (Chitons.) Acanthochitidae, Cryptoplacidae and appendix. Tectibranchiata.
• 1895–1896 – [https://archive.org/details/manualconch16tryorich Volume 16]. continued by H. A. Pilsbry. Philinidae, Gastropteridae, Aglajidae, Aplysiidae, Oxynoeidae, Runcinidae, Umbraculidae, Pleurobranchidae.
• 1897–1898 – [https://archive.org/details/manualconch17tryorich Volume 17]. continued by H. A. Pilsbry. Scaphopoda (by H. A. Pilsbry and Dr. Benjamin Sharp), Aplacophora. Index to genera and subgenera, volumes II. to XVII.

Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. Altogether there are 28 volumes:

• 1885 – [https://archive.org/details/manualconch01tryorich Volume 1]. Testacellidae, Oleacinidae, Streptaxidae, Helicoidea, Vitrinidae, Limacidae, Arionidae. 364 pp., 60 plates.
• 1886 – [https://archive.org/details/manualconch02tryorich Volume 2]. Zonitidae.
• 1887 – [https://archive.org/details/manualconch03tryorich Volume 3]. Helicidae – Volume I.
• 1888 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo04tryorich Volume 4]. Helicidae – Volume II.

Volumes after 1888 has Tryon as an author, they were edited by Henry Augustus Pilsbry:

• 1889 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo05tryorich Volume 5]. Helicidae – Volume III. – Continued by Henry Augustus Pilsbry.
• 1890 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo06tryorich Volume 6]. Helicidae – Volume IV. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry.
• 1891 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo07tryorich Volume 7]. Helicidae – Volume V. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry.
• 1892 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo08tryorich Volume 8]. Helicidae – Volume VI. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry.
• 1894 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo09tryorich Volume 9]. Helicidae – Volume VII. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry.
• 1895 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo00tryorich Index to the helices]. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry.
• 1895–1896 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo10tryorich Volume 10]. American Bulimi and Bulimuli. Strophocheilus, Plekocheilus, Auris, Bulimulus. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry.
• 1897–1898 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo11tryorich Volume 11]. American Bulimulidae: Bulimulus, Neopetraeus, Oxychona, and South American Drymaeus. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry.
• 1899 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo12tryorich Volume 12]. American Bulimulidae: North American and Antillean Drymaeus, Leiostracus, Orthalicinae and Amphibuliminae. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry.
• 1900 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo13tryorich Volume 13]. Australasian Bulimulidae: Bothriembryon, Placostylus. Helicidae: Amphidromus. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry.
• 1901–1902 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo14tryorich Volume 14]. Oriental Bulimoid Helicidae. Odontostominae. Cerionidae. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry. Note: Odontostomini is now a tribe in the subfamily Bulimulinae.
• 1903 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo15tryorich Volume 15]. Urocoptidae. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry.
• 1904 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo16tryorich Volume 16]. Urocoptidae, Achatinidae. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry.
• 1904–1905 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo17tryorich Volume 17]. African Achatinidae. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry.
• 1906 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo18tryorich Volume 18]. Achatinidae: Stenogyrinae and Coeliaxinae. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry.
• 1907–1908 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo19tryorich Volume 19]. Oleacinidae, Ferussacidae. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry. (Correct spelling is Ferussaciidae these days.)
• 1909–1910 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo20tryorich Volume 20]. Caecilioides, Clessula and Partulidae. Index to vols. XVI. – XX. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry.

Other volumes are not attributed to George Washington Tryon:

• 1911 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo21tryorich Volume 21]. Achatinellidae (Amastrinae). Alpheus Hyatt & Henry Augustus Pilsbry. Leptachatina by C. Montague Cooke. Illustrated by Helen Winchester.Hyatt A. & Pilsbry H. A. 1911. Manual of conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. Preface. page IX. Volume 21. (The volume was published after Hyatt's death in 1902.) (Amastridae is considered to be a sole family these days.)
• 1912–1914 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo22tryorich Volume 22]. Achatinellidae by Henry A. Pilsbry assisted by C. Montague Cooke. Genealogy and migrations of the Achatinellidae by Alpheus Hyatt.
• 1915–1916 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo23tryorich Volume 23]. Appendix to Amastridae. Tornatellinidae. Index, vols. XXI-XXIII. Henry A. Pilsbry & C. Montague Cooke.
• 1916–1918 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo24tryorich Volume 24]. Pupillidae (Gastrocoptinae). Henry A. Pilsbry.
• 1918–1920 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo25tryorich Volume 25]. Pupillidae (Gastrocoptinae, Vertigininae). Henry A. Pilsbry & C. Montague Cooke. (Vertiginidae is considered to be a sole family these days.)
• 1920–1921 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo26tryorich Volume 26]. Pupillidae (Vertigininae, Pupillinae). Henry A. Pilsbry.
• 1922–1926 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo27tryo Volume 27]. Pupillidae (Orculinae, Pagodulinae, Acanthinulinae, etc.). Henry A. Pilsbry.
• 1927–1935 – [https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo28tryo Volume 28]. Geographic Distribution of Pupillidae; Strobilopsidae, Valloniidae and Pleurodiscidae. Henry A. Pilsbry.

{{Reflist}}

• Dance S. P. A (1986). A History of Shell Collecting. 144–146, 176–177.
• Ruschenberger W. S. W. (1888). "A biographical notice of George W. Tryon, Jr., conservator of the Conchological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia [https://archive.org/details/biographicalnoti00ruscrich28]: 1–22. {{ISSN|0097-3157}}

{{commons category|Images from Manual of Conchology}}

• {{Internet Archive author |sname=George Washington Tryon}}

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Category:1838 births

Category:1888 deaths

Category:American zoologists

Category:American malacologists

Category:Teuthologists