Typhoon Janis

{{storm path|Janis 1992 track.png}}

The tropical disturbance that would later mature into Typhoon Janis formed near Pohnpei in the eastern Caroline Islands towards the end of July 1992.{{cite report|title=Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1992|publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1992atcr.pdf|author2=Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=August 7, 2017|year=1993|archive-date=September 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915165323/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1992atcr.pdf|url-status=dead}} At 06:00 UTC on July 30, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started tracking the system.{{cite report|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1992/1992s-bwp/bwp101992.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311025011/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1992/1992s-bwp/bwp101992.txt|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 11, 2010|title=Typhoon 10W Best Track|date=December 17, 2002|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=August 7, 2017|format=TXT}} Increased convective development led to the issuance of a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 13:00 UTC on August 2. Intensification continued through the morning hours, and at 00:00 UTC, the JTWC issued the first warning on Tropical Depression 10W, with the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) following suit at the same time.{{cite report|author=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=October 10, 1992|title=RSMC Best Track Data – 1990–1999|access-date=August 8, 2017|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/Besttracks/bst9099.txt|format=.TXT|archive-date=January 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122183440/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/Besttracks/bst9099.txt|url-status=dead}}{{#tag:ref|The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|title=Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000|date=February 2001|access-date=August 8, 2017|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2000/Text/Text2000.pdf|page=3}}|group="nb"}}{{#tag:ref|Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are sustained over 10 minutes, while estimates from the United States-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute. 10-minute winds are about 1.14 times the amount of 1-minute winds.{{cite book|author=Christopher W Landsea|author2=Hurricane Research Division|title=Frequently Asked Questions|chapter=Subject: D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?|access-date=August 8, 2017|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E7.html|date=April 26, 2004}}|group="nb"}} At 14:39 UTC, a Hurricane hunter aircraft was able to identify a well-defined center as well as winds of {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=flip}}. Passing near Guam and moving into the Philippine Sea, the depression organized further and was upgraded to a tropical storm at 18:00 UTC on August 3 by both the JTWC and JMA.{{cite report|author1=Kenneth R. Knapp |author2=Michael C. Kruk |author3=David H. Levinson |author4=Howard J. Diamond |author5=Charles J. Neumann |year=2010|work=The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data|title=1992 JANIS (1992212N05154)|publisher=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|access-date=August 8, 2017|url=http://www.atms.unca.edu/ibtracs/ibtracs_current/browse-ibtracs/index.php?name=v03r09-1992212N05154}} At around this time, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) also monitored the storm and assigned it with the local name Gloring.{{cite report|url=http://www.typhoon2000.ph/oldPAGASAnames.jpg|title=Old PAGASA Names: List of names for tropical cyclones occurring within the Philippine Area of Responsibility 1991–2000|work=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration|access-date=August 8, 2017|publisher=Typhoon 2000}} Midday on August 4, the JMA classified Janis as a severe tropical storm. Six hours later, Janis was declared a typhoon by the JTWC, with the JMA doing the same at 00:00 UTC on August 5. According to the JTWC, Janis entered a period of rapid deepening, intensifying {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=flip}} during the day of August 5. At 00:00 UTC on August 6, the JTWC increased the intensity of the storm to 215 km/h (130 mph), equivalent to a low-end Category 4 hurricane on the United States–based Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. Operationally, the storm was believed to have attained winds 230 km/h (145 mph), based on Dvorak estimates from polar orbiting satellite imagery. However, in post-storm analysis, the JTWC determined that due to the high resolution of the satellite, the eye temperature of the storm was overestimated, prompting the agency to revise its Dvorak methods to better match intensity estimates derived from geostationary satellites.

After tracking towards the west-northwest during its early stages, Typhoon Janis turned towards the north-northeast{{cite report|author1=Hong Kong Observatory|author-link=Hong Kong Observatory|title=Meteorological Results: 1992|chapter=Part III – Tropical Cyclone Summaries|journal=Meteorological Results|year=1993|url=http://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/tc/tc1992.pdf|access-date=August 7, 2017|pages=14|publisher=Hong Kong Observatory}} and passed {{convert|165|km|mi|round=5|abbr=on}} east of Okinawa. The JTWC estimated that Janis leveled off in intensity. However, the JMA estimates that Janis was still strengthening, and did not attain its highest intensity until 18:00 UTC on August 6, when the agency reported winds of {{convert|110|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=flip}} and a barometric pressure of {{convert|935|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|round=5|sigfig=4}}. After its peak intensity, the typhoon began to weaken and accelerate as it recurved towards Kyushu; this turn was correctly predicted by the JTWC. At the time of landfall on Kyushu late on August 7, the JTWC and JMA estimated winds of {{convert|110|mph|km/h|abbr=on|order=flip|round=5}} and {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=flip}} respectively. Over Kyushu, land interaction took its toll on the typhoon, and the JTWC and JMA downgraded Janis to tropical storm intensity on August 8. The tropical storm moved to the northeast, paralleling the western coast of Honshu. At noon on August 9, Janis transitioned into an extratropical low over Hokkaido. It was lasted noted by the JMA around noon on August 13 near the International Date Line.

During its formative stages, Jannis brought winds gusting to {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=flip}} and 64 mm (2.25 in) of rain in 24 hours to the island of Guam, but caused no major damage. As Janis passed to the east of Taiwan, one fisherman was killed, and six individuals were missing when 8 m (26 ft) waves sank five fishing boats.

The typhoon dropped heavy rainfall across much of the Japanese archipelago, across western and northern portions of Japan. A peak rainfall total of {{convert|468|mm|in|abbr=on}} was observed at Nagaoka District.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS FUNATO (74237) @ Typhoon 199210|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=74237&id=199210&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 8, 2017}} A peak hourly rainfall total of {{convert|66|mm|in|abbr=on}} was observed in Ube.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS HIROSE (81231) @ Typhoon 199210|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=81231&id=199210&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 8, 2017}} Meanwhile, a peak daily precipitation total of {{convert|435|mm|in|abbr=on}} fell in Kuraoka.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS KURAOKA (87071) @ Typhoon 199210|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=87071&id=199210&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 8, 2017}} A wind gust of {{convert|57|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} was recorded in the city of Makurazaki.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS MAKURAZAKI (88466) @ Typhoon 199210|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=88466&id=199210&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 8, 2017}} An airport at Amami Oshima measured winds of {{convert|127|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} and gusts of {{convert|197|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. Kadena Air Base reported maximum winds of {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5|order=flip}}, gusting to {{convert|60|mph|km/h|round=5|order=flip}}. The Marine Corps Air Station Futenma observed peak winds of {{convert|67|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} and wind gusts of gust of {{convert|99|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.

All transportation was cancelled on Okinawa and the storm resulted in ¥27.4 million in damage.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-936-09|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-936-09&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 9, 2017}} A total of 8,293 households lost power in Tokushima Prefecture, and 25 roads were damaged in 156 location. Nearly {{convert|6000|ha|acre|abbr=on|round=5}} of crops were damaged. Prefecturewide, damage was estimated at ¥1.87 billion.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-895-03|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-895-03&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 9, 2017}} A 54-year-old farmer near Susaki was killed when he was struck by a falling rock.{{cite news|title=Weakened Typhoon No. 10 Threatens Hokkaido|agency=Japan Economic Newswire|date=August 9, 1992}}{{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}} Across Kōchi Prefecture, two people were wounded. Roads were damaged in 145 spots and {{convert|3282|ha|acre|abbr=on}} of crops were damaged. A total of 19,855 houses in 17 municipalities, including Susaki, suffered a blackout after falling trees downed power lines. Damage in the prefecture exceeded ¥2.86 billion.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-893-09|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-893-09&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 9, 2017}} Twenty-four flights were cancelled to and from Takamatsu Airport. A total of 964 homes lost power while 220 others were destroyed.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-891-05|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-891-05&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 9, 2017}} Five people were hurt in Ehime Prefecture. Nearly 45,000 households lost power and almost {{convert|7000|ha|acre|abbr=on|round=5}} of crops were damaged, amounting to ¥1.85 billion.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-891-05|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-887-09&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 9, 2017}} An 83-year-old woman from Kagoshima Prefecture was killed in the storm when a taxi was overturned by high winds.{{cite news|title=Typhoon Janis hits key island|agency=United Press International|date=August 8, 1992}}{{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}} Twenty-four people were injured and sixty homes were damaged.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-827-17|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-827-17&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 9, 2017}} Flooding and landslides forced 500 people to evacuate from the slopes of Mount Unzen.{{cite news|title=Typhoon Lashes Japan|newspaper=The Sun Herald|date=August 9, 1992}}{{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}} Five people were wounded and sixteen individuals lost their homes in Oita Prefecture. Damage estimates were placed at ¥15.1 billion.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-815-06|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-815-06&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 9, 2017}} Elsewhere, damage in Saga Prefecture totaled to ¥2.15 billion.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-813-05|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-813-05&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 9, 2017}} Strong winds injured eight people in Fukuoka Prefecture, including three by falling glass. Twenty-eight homes were damaged and ten were destroyed. Damage was estimated at ¥20.6 billion.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-807-07|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-807-07&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 9, 2017}}

On Honshu, {{convert|830|ha|acre|abbr=on|round=5}} of crops were damaged in Wakayama prefecture, which was estimated at ¥461 million.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-777-08|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-777-08&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 10, 2017}} Three people sustained injuries and twenty-five homes were damaged in Hyōgo Prefecture.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-770-05|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-770-05&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 10, 2017}} A total of 120 dwellings were damaged or destroyed and roads were damaged in 189 spots. Across five cities, nearly 13,000 lost power. Damage was estimated at ¥710 million.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-768-06|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-768-06&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 10, 2017}} A total of 917 power lines were downed in Hiroshima Prefecture. Forty flights were cancelled at the Hiroshima Airport while roads were damaged at more than locations. Across the southern portion of the prefecture, 19 landslides happened. Additionally, 428 homes were damaged and 25 other houses were destroyed. Damage estimates reached ¥2.11 billion.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-765-05|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-765-05&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 10, 2017}} Heavy rain caused rivers alongside the Japan National Route 315 to overflow its banks, which resulted in street flooding. A total of 165 homes were damaged in Yamaguchi Prefecture. Damaged was estimated at ¥1.08 billion.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-762-03|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-762-03&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 10, 2017}} Five people were killed in Kyoto Prefecture, including two swimmers that drowned offshore.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-759-17|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-759-17&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 10, 2017}} Twenty-two trains were cancelled on the afternoon on August 9 in Tottori prefecture.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-746-06|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-746-06&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 10, 2017}} Further north, lightning strikes led to 5,500 units losing power in Wakabayashi-ku, 1,300 others on Ōshima Island, and 1,300 others on Yamamoto.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-590-11|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-590-11&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 10, 2017}} Six dwellings were damaged in Aomori Prefecture. There, 12 roads were damaged and 2,556 power units were knocked out.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-575-04|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-575-04&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 10, 2017}} Seventy trains were cancelled in Hokkaido Prefecture. A total of 101 homes were damaged and 53 were destroyed, which resulted 437 homeless individuals. Sixty households were ordered to evacuate by officials. Damage there was roughly ¥7.2 billion.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=1992-426-01|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/report.pl?id=1992-426-01&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 10, 2017}}

Typhoon Janis was the final of two successive systems to move over the Japanese archipelago, with Tropical Storm Irving preceding it.{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=Typhoon 199209 (Irving) |url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/dsummary.pl?id=199209&basin=wnp&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 8, 2017}} Nationwide, twelve fatalities were reported and another was initially reported as missing.{{cite news|title=12 People Die, One Missing in Water Accidents|agency=Japan Economic Newswire|date=August 10, 1992}}{{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}} Sixty-seven others sustained injuries. A total 1,561 houses were destroyed while 1,508 others were flooded. Moreover, 47 ships and {{convert|4,802|ha|acre|abbr=on}} were damaged. High winds and torrential rains caused the temporary loss of electricity to 350,000 homes across the southernmost of Japan's four main islands. An eight-hour suspension of high speed rail to Kyushu stranded over 20,000 people at Hiroshima Station. Over 80 domestic flights in Kyushu were cancelled,{{cite news|title=At Least Two Dead As Tropical Storm Hits Western Japan|agency=Associated Press|date=August 8, 1992}}{{subscription required|via=Lexis Nexis}} which left an estimated 45,000 travelers stranded. Monetary damage totaled ¥74 billion (US$584 million).{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=Typhoon 199210 (Janis)|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/dsummary.pl?id=199210&basin=wnp&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|access-date=August 8, 2017}}

{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}

• Tropical Storm Harry (1991) - similar early-season Japan-hitting typhoon
• Tropical Storm Nathan (1993) - similar early-season Japan-hitting typhoon

{{Reflist|group=nb}}

{{Reflist|2}}

{{1992 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}

J

J

J

J