UGC 6697
{{Short description|Galaxy in the constellation Leo}}
{{Infobox galaxy|name=UGC 6697|image=File:UGC 6697 (15014754963).png|constellation name=Leo|ra=11h 43m 49.07s|dec=+19d 58m 06.40s|z=0.022432|caption=Hubble Space Telescope Image of UGC 6697|h_radial_v=6,717 km/s|dist_ly=378 Mly (115.8 Mpc)|group_cluster=Leo Cluster|appmag_v=13.59|type=Im, HII, Sbrst|size=205,000 y|names=PGC 36466, CGCG 097-087, MCG +03-30-066, 2MFGC 09207, WBL 353-022, SDSS J114349.07+195806.4, IRAS F11412+2014, 2CXO J114349.1-195807, 2XMM J114349.2+195804, ABELL 1367:[BFG83] 08, 2MASX J11434911+1958063, ECO 02995, NSA 140139, UITBOC 1673, LEDA 36466|epoch=J2000|size_v=1.9' x 0.3'}}
UGC 6697 is a large irregular{{Cite web |title=Principal Galaxy Catalog (PGC) Objects 36000 to 36499 |url=https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/pgc36.htm |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=cseligman.com}} spiral galaxy with a bar{{Cite web |title=HyperLeda -object description |url=http://atlas.obs-hp.fr/hyperleda/ledacat.cgi?o=UGC%206697 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=atlas.obs-hp.fr}} located in the Leo constellation.{{Cite web |date=July 3, 2022 |title=UGC 6697 Galaxy Facts & Distance |url=https://www.universeguide.com/galaxy/ugc6697 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Universe Guide |language=en-us}} It is located 378 million light-years from the Solar System and has an estimated diameter of 205,000 light-years.{{Cite web |title=Your NED Search Results |url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=27641&objname=1&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=ned.ipac.caltech.edu}} UGC 6697 is considered a starburst galaxy which produces high rates of star formation.{{Cite journal |last1=Sun |first1=M. |last2=Vikhlinin |first2=A. |date=2005-03-10 |title=Revealing the interaction between the X-ray gas of starburst galaxy UGC 6697 and the hot intracluster medium of A1367 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=621 |issue=2 |pages=718–724 |doi=10.1086/427728 |arxiv=astro-ph/0411651 |bibcode=2005ApJ...621..718S |issn=0004-637X}} The first known reference to this galaxy comes from volume II of the Catalogue of Galaxies and of Clusters of Galaxies compiled by Fritz Zwicky in 1968, where it was listed as CGCG{{nbsp}}097-087, and its coordinates listed as 1141.2 + 2015 (epoch B1950).{{cite book | bibcode=1963cgcg.book.....Z | date=1963 | title=Catalogue of galaxies and of clusters of galaxies, Vol. 2 | publisher = California Institute of Technology | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963cgcg.book.....Z/abstract | last1=Zwicky | first1=Fritz | last2=Herzog | first2=E. | last3=Wild | first3=P. | pages = 52–57 | volume = II | archive-url = https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t08t4-pk311/files/Volume_2.pdf | archive-date = August 19, 2023}}
Possible Jellyfish Galaxy
UGC 6697 has a particular morphology. It is considered an edge-on galaxy and such has a long tidal tail with blue color and low surface brightness which stretches out northwest.{{Citation |last1=Amram |first1=P. |title=The Velocity Field of UGC 6697 Revisited |date=2002 |work=The Evolution of Galaxies: II — Basic Building Blocks |pages=401–404 |editor-last=Sauvage |editor-first=Marc |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3311-3_90 |access-date=2024-04-27 |place=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer Netherlands |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-94-017-3311-3_90 |isbn=978-94-017-3311-3 |last2=Gavazzi |first2=G. |last3=Marcelin |first3=M. |last4=Boselli |first4=A. |last5=Vílchez |first5=J. M. |last6=Iglesias-Paramo |first6=J. |last7=Tarenghi |first7=M. |editor2-last=Stazińska |editor2-first=Grażyna |editor3-last=Schaerer |editor3-first=Daniel|url-access=subscription }} This is in fact caused by dynamic pressure. It occurs when the galaxy plunges forward into the cluster, the pressure acts on the galaxy and penetrates through high speeds causing intracluster medium. In the process, the cooler gas is compressed and expelled from the galaxy's edge thus forming a trail.{{Cite web |title=Chandra :: Photo Album :: UGC 6697 in Abell 1367 :: 25 Jan 05 |url=https://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2005/u6697/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=chandra.harvard.edu}} The gas trail extends 100 kpc which measures 326,000 light-years in diameter.{{Cite journal |last1=Consolandi |first1=G. |last2=Gavazzi |first2=G. |last3=Fossati |first3=M. |last4=Fumagalli |first4=M. |last5=Boselli |first5=A. |last6=Yagi |first6=M. |last7=Yoshida |first7=M. |date=2017-10-01 |title=MUSE sneaks a peek at extreme ram-pressure events - III. Tomography of UGC 6697, a massive galaxy falling into Abell 1367 |url=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2017/10/aa31218-17/aa31218-17.html |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |language=en |volume=606 |pages=A83 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201731218 |arxiv=1707.06241 |bibcode=2017A&A...606A..83C |issn=0004-6361}} In the long run, the dynamic pressure will eventually strip the gas from the galaxy, rending it an anemic galaxy.{{Cite web |last=Johnson-Groh |first=Mara |date=2017-10-09 |title=New research helps solve galactic murders |url=https://www.astronomy.com/science/new-research-helps-solve-galactic-murders/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Astronomy Magazine |language=en-US}}
According to observations from Chandra X-ray Observatory, it shows that more massive new stars have formed in compressed gas regions of UGC 6697 due to the result of increased dynamic stripping. These, however will explode into supernovas over the next 10 million years which its heat produces x-rays and optical light.
Companion galaxy
UGC 6697 has one companion galaxy: CGCG 097-087N (also known as 2MASX J11434983+1958343).{{Cite web |title=Your NED Search Results |url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=3376316&objname=31&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=ned.ipac.caltech.edu}} It is located 379 million light-years away and also shows signs of distortion caused by dynamic pressure. Further studies show that the two galaxies might have interacted in the past.
Supernova
On March 5, 1986, B. Leibundgut and B. Binggeli of European Southern Observatory, La Silla discovered a supernova in UGC{{nbsp}}6697: SN{{nbsp}}1986C (type{{nbsp}}II, mag. 18).{{Cite web |title=SN 1986C {{!}} Transient Name Server |url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1986C |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=www.wis-tns.org}}{{Cite journal |last1=Leibundgut |first1=B. |last2=Binggeli |first2=B. |last3=Sargent |first3=W. |last4=Steidel |first4=J. |date=1986-03-01 |title=Supernova 1986C in UGC 6697 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986IAUC.4191....3L |journal=International Astronomical Union Circular |issue=4191 |pages=3 |bibcode=1986IAUC.4191....3L |issn=0081-0304}}
Group membership
UGC 6697 is a member of the Leo Cluster which is made up of at least 70 galaxies.{{Cite news |last=Plait |first=Phil |date=2013-07-03 |title=The Lion's Share of Galaxies |url=https://slate.com/technology/2013/07/leo-cluster-a-buzzing-hive-of-galaxies.html |access-date=2024-04-27 |work=Slate |language=en-US |issn=1091-2339}} The other members include NGC 3805, NGC 3837, the brightest cluster member NGC 3842, NGC 3860, NGC 3883, NGC 3884, NGC 3919, NGC 3929, NGC 3937, NGC 3940, NGC 3947 and NGC 3954. Other galaxies included in the Leo Cluster are radio galaxy NGC 3862, and IC 2955.