USS Cape Johnson (AP-172)

Cape Johnson, a 5,668-ton Maritime Commission C1-B type cargo ship, was built at Wilmington, Los Angeles. She was launched on 20 February 1943 by Consolidated Steel Corporation, Ltd., Wilmington, Los Angeles, under a Maritime Commission contract and sponsored by Mrs. A. C. Steward. The ship was converted to a troop transport by Los Angeles Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co. capable of carrying 1,575 troops. Cape Johnson was acquired by the Navy under bareboat charter and commissioned on 1 June 1944 and then reported to the Pacific Fleet.{{cite DANFS |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/c/cape-johnson.html |title=Cape Johnson |author=Naval History And Heritage Command |work=Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships |publisher=Naval History And Heritage Command |accessdate=28 December 2020}}{{cite book |last=Charles |first=Roland W. |title=Troopships of World War II |year=1947 |location=Washington |publisher=The Army Transportation Association |lccn=47004779 |page=80 |url=https://history.army.mil/documents/WWII/wwii_Troopships.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123952/http://www.history.army.mil/documents/WWII/wwii_Troopships.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=28 December 2020}}

Cape Johnson was initially used to redistribute Army and Marine forces between the Marianas and bases in the South Pacific. In November 1944 she arrived with a supply echelon off the assault areas at Leyte in the Philippines and then landed her troops at Samar. In January 1945, Cape Johnson landed troops in Lingayen Gulf during the initial assault on Luzon Island. In mid-February she arrived off Iwo Jima with Marine Corps troops and cargo, which she put ashore as needed through the end of March. The transport then returned to San Francisco and carried troops from there to Manila.

With the bitter fighting on the island over, Cape Johnson embarked men of the 5th Marines, whom she carried to Pearl Harbor. Sailing on to San Francisco, where she arrived on 22 April 1945, Cape Johnson transported troops from the west coast to Manila, and on 16 August cleared the Philippines for Pearl Harbor. With occupation troops loaded there, the transport arrived at Wakayama, Honshū, Japan on 27 September, and then began transpacific crossings returning servicemen to the States. She was decommissioned 25 July 1946 and returned to her former owner the next day. The ship was sold for scrapping, on 10 June 1963, to Zidell Explorations, Inc., Portland, Oregon.

The American geologist Harry Hess commanded the USS Cape Johnson during her commission. In addition to his Naval duties, Hess carefully tracked his travel routes to Pacific Ocean landings on the Marianas, Philippines, and Iwo Jima, continuously using his ship's echo sounder. This unplanned wartime scientific surveying enabled Hess to collect ocean floor profiles across the North Pacific Ocean, resulting in the discovery of flat-topped submarine volcanoes, which he termed guyots. This information led to many discoveries which helped to form the basis of the theory of plate tectonics.{{cite book |last=O'Hara |first=Kieran D. |year=2018 |title=A Brief History of Geology |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom & New York, NY |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781107176188 |lccn=2017051822 |page=141 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O7pQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT153 |access-date=28 December 2020}}

Cape Johnson received two battle stars for World War II service.

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{{Type C1-B ships}}

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Category:Type C1-B ships

Category:Ships built in Los Angeles

Category:1943 ships

Category:Unique transports of the United States Navy

Category:World War II auxiliary ships of the United States