USS Charger
{{Short description|United States Navy escort carrier}}
{{redirect|HMS Charger (D27)|other ships|HMS Charger}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image |Ship image= File:USS Charger (CVE-30) underway at sea, in 1943.jpg |Ship caption= }} {{Infobox ship career |Hide header= |Ship country=United States |Ship flag= {{USN flag|1912}} |Ship name=*Rio de la Plata (1941)
|Ship namesake=Royal Navy name retained |Ship ordered=29 November 1939 |Ship builder=Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co., Chester, Pennsylvania |Ship original cost=$2,720,800 (1939 contract) |Ship yard number=188 |Ship laid down=19 January 1940 |Ship launched=1 March 1941 |Ship acquired=1 August 1941 (delivery to Navy for conversion) |Ship commissioned=3 March 1942 |Ship decommissioned=15 March 1946 |Ship in service= |Ship out of service= |Ship renamed= |Ship reclassified=*D27 (R.N. pennant 1941)
|Ship refit= |Ship struck= |Ship reinstated= |Ship homeport= |Ship motto= |Ship nickname= |Ship honors= |Ship fate=*Sold into merchant service, 30 January 1947
|Ship notes= }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption= |Ship class= {{sclass|Charger|escort carrier}} |Ship displacement= {{convert|15125|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} |Ship length= {{convert|492|ft|abbr=on}} |Ship beam=*{{convert|69|ft|6|in|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft= {{convert|26|ft|3|in|abbr=on}} |Ship depth= |Ship hold depth= |Ship propulsion= |Ship speed= {{convert|17|kn|lk=in}} |Ship range= |Ship boats= |Ship capacity= |Ship troops= |Ship complement=856 officers and enlisted |Ship armament=*1 × 5"/38 caliber gun gun
|Ship armor= |Ship aircraft=30+ |Ship aircraft facilities= |Ship notes= }} |
USS Charger (CVE-30) was an escort carrier of the United States Navy during World War II converted from a commercial C3-P&C cargo/passenger liner hull built as Rio de la Plata intended for the Moore-McCormack company's American Republics Line serving the east coast of South America.The others were Rio Hudson, Rio Parana and Rio de Janeiro. The ship was requisitioned for conversion to an escort carrier type intended for Royal Navy use and initially commissioned as HMS Charger (D27). Days later the transfer was rescinded with the ship returning to U.S. Navy control to become USS Charger which operated throughout the war as a training ship on the Chesapeake Bay with two ferry missions to Bermuda and Guantánamo Bay, Cuba.
After decommissioning in March 1946 the ship was sold in January 1947 to become the Italian Fairsea engaged largely in refugee and immigrant voyages from Europe to Australia. After a disabling engine room fire in January 1969 the ship was sold for scrap in Italy.
Construction
The United States Maritime Commission (MC) accepted Sun Shipbuilding's bid to build the four C3-P&C cargo/passenger liners on 29 November 1939 at a cost of $2,720,800 each.{{cite journal |last=Pacific American Steamship Association; Shipowners Association of the Pacific Coast |date=January 1939 |title=Sun Gets Four C3 Motorships |journal=Pacific Marine Review |page=54 |location=San Francisco |publisher=J.S. Hines |url=https://archive.org/stream/pacificmarinerev3639paci#page/n47/mode/1up |access-date=9 September 2020}} Rio de la Plata was planned as the third of four ships to be built by the Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Chester, Pennsylvania for the Moore-McCormack company.{{cite web |last=Colton |first=Tim |title=Sun Shipbuilding, Chester PA |publisher=ShipbuildingHistory |date=28 March 2014 |url=http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/large/sun.htm |access-date=9 September 2020}}
The modified C3 type was intended for Moore-McCormack's American Republics Line for serving the east coast of the United States to South America and the first large U.S. passenger ships to be fitted with diesel engines. Two six cylinder Sun Doxford diesels with over 9,000 shaft horsepower drove a single propeller through reduction gears for a design speed of {{cvt|17.5|knots|mph km/h}}. The ships were designed to carry 196 passengersKarsten-Kunibert Krueger-Kopiske has passenger capacity at 216. with all passenger spaces air conditioned, another first for passenger ships. The passenger design was not completed due to requisitioning for war service.{{cite journal |last=Pacific American Steamship Association; Shipowners Association of the Pacific Coast |date=October 1940 |title=New Combination Liners for American Republics Line |journal=Pacific Marine Review |pages=30–31 |location=San Francisco |publisher=J.S. Hines |url=https://archive.org/stream/pacificmarinerev3740paci#page/n549/mode/1up |access-date=9 September 2020}}{{cite web |last=Karsten-Kunibert Krueger-Kopiske |title=Outboard Profiles of Maritime Commission Vessels – The C3 Cargo Ship, Sub-Designs and Conversions |year=2007 |url=http://drawings.usmaritimecommission.de/drawings_c3.htm |access-date=9 September 2020}} The passenger-cargo design was to be a 17,500 ton displacement, {{DWT|9800}} vessel, {{cvt|492|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} length overall and {{cvt|465|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} length between perpendiculars. Cargo capacity, with conditioned air to avoid moisture, was to be {{convert|440000|cuft|m3|1}} (bale measure) with {{convert|40000|cuft|m3|1}} of refrigerated space. Passengers were to be quartered in 76 staterooms, 22 single cabins, 34 double cabins and 20 cabins with private verandahs.
The keel for Rio de la Plata, MC hull 61, yard hull 188, was laid 19 January 1940 with launch on 1 March 1941 and delivery on 2 October 1941. The ship was sponsored by Mrs. Felipe A. Espil (Courtney Letts de Espil).
On 20 May 1941, the United States Maritime Commission requisitioned all four unfinished combiliners, for conversion to military use.
Career
=United States Navy=
On 1 August 1941 the four ships were delivered to the Navy for conversion before completion as commercial vessels.{{cite journal |last=Pacific American Steamship Association; Shipowners Association of the Pacific Coast |date=September 1941 |title=Navy Takes Rio Ships |journal=Pacific Marine Review |page=80 |location=San Francisco |publisher=J.S. Hines |url=https://archive.org/stream/pacificmarinerev3841paci#page/n695/mode/1up |access-date=9 September 2020}}{{cite journal |last=Pacific American Steamship Association; Shipowners Association of the Pacific Coast |date=September 1941 |title=Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Company |journal=Pacific Marine Review |page=106 |location=San Francisco |publisher=J.S. Hines |url=https://archive.org/stream/pacificmarinerev3841paci#page/n729/mode/1up |access-date=9 September 2020}} Conversion for naval duties was by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Newport News, Virginia. Intended for transfer to the Royal Navy under Lend-Lease, the former Rio de la Plata was commissioned on 2 October 1941 as HMS Charger (D27). However, the transfer was rescinded and the ship returned to United States control on 4 October 1941. The vessel was reclassified AVG-30 on 24 January 1942 and commissioned as USS Charger on 3 March 1942, Captain T. L. Sprague USN in command; and reported to the Atlantic Fleet.{{cite DANFS |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/c/charger.html |title=Charger |author=Naval History And Heritage Command |work=Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships |publisher=Naval History And Heritage Command |access-date=9 September 2020}}Listed by the United States Navy as the sole ship of the "Charger Type of 1942 (Class)", she actually had several sister ships in {{HMS|Avenger|D14|6}}, {{HMS|Biter|D97|2}}, and {{HMS|Dasher|D37|2}}, all with similar building histories and transferred to the Royal Navy under Lend-Lease.
Charger{{'}}s area of operations throughout the war was Chesapeake Bay, and her duty the basic task of training pilots and ships' crews in carrier operations. Men trained on her decks played an important role in the successful contest for the Atlantic with hostile submarines carried out by the escort carrier groups. Reclassified ACV-30 on 20 August 1942, and CVE-30 on 15 July 1943, Charger left Chesapeake Bay for two ferry voyages, one to Bermuda in October 1942, and one to Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, in September 1945. Charger was decommissioned at New York on 15 March 1946.
File:USS Charger (AVG-30) in port, in June 1942 (80-G-13144).jpg |Charger stern view (AVG-30)
File:Barrier crash of a Douglas SBD-4 Dauntless aboard USS Charger (ACV-30) on 16 March 1943 (80-G-38875).jpg |SBD-4 Dauntless crash on Charger (ACV-30)
File:Ship's canteen aboard USS Charger (ACV-30) 1942 (28626729288).jpg |Canteen aboard Charger (ACV-30)
File:USS Charger (ACV-30) preparing a perscription in the ship's dispensary, 1942 (28626728878).jpg |Ship’s dispensary on Charger (ACV-30)
File:USS Charger (CVE-30) underway at sea, circa in 1945.jpg |Flight Deck of Charger (CVE-30)
File:FM-2 aboard USS Charger (CVE-30), May 1944.jpg |FM-2 "Wildcat" aboard Charger
File:USS Charger (AVG-30) underway in 1942 (80-G-13143).jpg |Aft view of Charger (AVG-30) underway
=Post-war service=
File:StateLibQld 1 141391 Fairsea (ship).jpg
The ship was sold into merchant service on 30 January 1947 to the Vlasov group. After conversion the vessel became the passenger liner Fairsea, nominally for Vlasov's Italian managed Sitmar Line. Successive accommodation upgrades secured the vessel's long-term employment, mainly as a migrant carrier from Europe to Australia.
Among the immigrants arriving aboard Fairsea in 1958 was the Gibb family with future Bee Gees Barry, Maurice and Robin. Also aboard were Kylie Minogue's parents and Skyhooks guitarist Red Symons.{{cite news |url=http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/breaking-news/pound-pom-arrival-lists-go-online/story-fnhrvfuw-1226887167148?nk=8189939b66b43a012363cffedb1375ad |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141201152516/http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/breaking-news/pound-pom-arrival-lists-go-online/story-fnhrvfuw-1226887167148?nk=8189939b66b43a012363cffedb1375ad |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 December 2014 |title=10 pound Pom arrival lists go online |newspaper=Perth Now |access-date=1 December 2014 }}
Fairsea was disabled by an engine-room fire between Tahiti and Panama on 29 January 1969. Primarily due to a lack of spare parts she was sold for scrap in Italy in 1969, the last of the four to cease operation. Her last surviving former sister Biter (later the French Navy's Dixmude), had been returned to the United States and sunk as a target in 1966.
Footnotes
{{reflist|group=note}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
- {{DANFS}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- {{navsource|03/030|USS Charger}}
- [http://www.researcheratlarge.com/Ships/CVE30/BOGP/ 1944 Booklet Booklet of General Plans]
- [https://www.destinationaustralia.gov.au/photographs/photograph-7501842 The Fairsea en route to Australia (ship photo)]
- [https://www.destinationaustralia.gov.au/photographs/photograph-7501838 The Fairsea en route to Australia]
- [https://www.destinationaustralia.gov.au/photographs/photograph-8113963 The migrant vessel Fairsea carries aid to Greek earthquake victims]
{{Avenger class escort carrier}}
{{Type C3-P&C ships}}
{{Type C3 ships}}
{{MARCOMships}}
{{WWII US ships}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Charger (CVE-30)}}
Category:Charger-class escort carriers
Category:Ships built by the Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Company
Category:World War II escort aircraft carriers of the United States