USS Mount Vernon (AP-22)
{{other ships|USS Mount Vernon}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image |Ship image=USS Mount Vernon (AP-22).jpg |Ship caption=USS Mount Vernon (AP-22) In New York City 1941. }} {{Infobox ship career |Hide header= |Ship country=United States |Ship flag={{USN flag|1945}} |Ship name=USS Mount Vernon (AP-22) |Ship namesake=Mount Vernon in Virginia |Ship owner= |Ship operator= |Ship registry= |Ship route= |Ship ordered=24 May 1930 |Ship awarded= |Ship builder=New York Shipbuilding |Ship original cost= |Ship laid down= 20 January 1931 |Ship launched=20 August 1932 |Ship sponsor= |Ship christened=SS Washington |Ship completed= |Ship acquired=(by the Navy) 16 June 1941 |Ship commissioned=16 June 1941 |Ship decommissioned=18 January 1946 |Ship in service= |Ship out of service= |Ship renamed=USS Mount Vernon (AP-22) |Ship reclassified= |Ship struck=1959 |Ship motto= |Ship nickname= |Ship honors= |Ship fate=Scrapped 1965 |Ship notes= |Ship badge= }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption= |Ship class= |Ship type= |Ship tonnage=24,289 gross register tons |Ship displacement=34,600 tons (fl) |Ship length=705 ft 3 in |Ship beam=86 ft |Ship draft=31 ft 6 in |Ship decks= |Ship power= |Ship propulsion=Parsons steam turbines, Babcock & Wilcox boilers, twin screw, 30,000 shaft horsepower |Ship sail plan= |Ship speed=20.5 knots |Ship range= |Ship endurance= |Ship boats= |Ship troops=6,031 |Ship complement=766 |Ship armament=*4 × 5"/38 caliber guns
|Ship notes= }} |
USS Mount Vernon (AP-22) was a troop transport that served with the United States Navy during World War II. Prior to her military service, she was a luxury ocean liner named SS Washington.
Washington was launched in May 1933 by the New York Shipbuilding Company of Camden, New Jersey, and operated as a passenger liner from New York City to Plymouth, England, and Hamburg, Germany. Renamed Mount Vernon 6 June 1941, the liner was acquired by the Navy 16 June 1941 and commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard the same day, Captain Donald B. Beary in command.
Converted for naval use by Philadelphia Navy Yard, Mount Vernon trained along the east coast while mounting tension in the Far East drew the United States toward participation in World War II.
The Preamble to Convoy WS-12X (the USA has not declared war on Japan or Germany yet)
The Atlantic Conference was held on 9 August 1941 in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, between Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt. Besides the "official" agenda, Churchill hoped to obtain considerable assistance from the USA, but the American President had his political hands tied. On 1 September 1941, Roosevelt received an urgent and most secret message asking for US Navy troopships manned by Navy crews and escorted by U.S.N. fighting ships to carry British troops for the purpose of reinforcing the Middle East. On 4 September the US destroyer, USS Greer (DD-145), came under an unsuccessful U-boat attack. Roosevelt gave authority to the US Navy to "shoot to kill". On 5 September the President assured the British leader that six vessels would be provided to carry twenty thousand troops and would be escorted by the American Navy.
The chief of Naval Operations ordered troop ships divisions seventeen and nineteen, on 26 September 1941, to prepare their vessels for approximately six months at sea. These transports were to load to capacity with food, ammunition medical supplies, fuel and water and were to arrive at Halifax, NS on or about 6 November and after the arrival of a British convoy from the UK were to load twenty thousand troops. The Prime Minister mentioned in his letter that it would be for the President to say what would be required in replacement if any of these ships were to be sunk by enemy action. Agreements were worked out for the troops to be carried as supernumeraries and rations to be paid out of Lend Lease Funds and officer laundry bills were to be paid in cash. All replenishments of provisions, general stores, fuel and water would be provided by the UK. Fuel and water would be charged for the escorts to the UK in Trinidad and Cape Town only. The troops would conform to US Navy and ships regulation. Intoxicating liquors were prohibited. It was further agreed that the troops were to rig and man their own anti-aircraft guns to augment the ships batteries.{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Ron |title=Convoy William Sail 12X |url=https://www.britain-at-war.org.uk/WW2/Convoy_William_Sail_12x/html/preparations.htm |website=Britain at War |access-date=2022-03-24}}
So, convoy WS-12X is most extraordinary. 30 days BEFORE the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 and the German declaration of war on the USA on 11 December 1941; we have six American transports and American escort carrying British soldiers.
= Convoy William Sail WS-12X =
On 10 November 1941, Convoy WS12-X, departs Halifax, Nova Scotia. The convoy consists of Aircraft Carrier Ranger (CV-4) and troopships, Mount Vernon (AP-22), Wakefield (AP-21), West Point (AP-23), Orizaba (AP-24), Leonard Wood (AP-25) and Joseph T. Dickman (AP-26) and is destined for Basra Iraq.
File:Convoy WS-12 en route to Cape Town, 1941.jpg
The USS Mount Vernon carries British Soldiers.{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Gordon |title=WS CONVOYS - July to December 1941 SAILINGS - WS12X |url=https://www.naval-history.net/xAH-WSConvoys04-1941B.htm |website=Naval History |access-date=2022-03-25}}
On 17 November 1941, the convoy reaches Trinidad. All ships were replenished, and the convoy departs Trinidad on 19 November 1941.
On 7 December at 2000, the convoy receives a radio communication of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Ron |title=Convoy William Sail 12X Halifax to Cape Town |url=https://www.britain-at-war.org.uk/WW2/Convoy_William_Sail_12x/html/halifax_to_cape_town.htm |website=Britain at War |access-date=2022-03-24}}
US in WWII
On 9 December, the convoy arrives in Cape Town
At about 0800 on 13 December 1941, the troopships depart Cape Town headed for Bombay. At 650 on 21 December, the Mount Vernon and USS Orizaba detach from the convoy headed for Bombay, and are bound for Mombasa. The Mount Vernon and Orizaba arrive in Mombasa 25 December. At 0954 on 29 December The Mount Vernon departs Mombasa.{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Ron |title=Convoy William Sail 12X Cape Town to Kenya |url=https://www.britain-at-war.org.uk/WW2/Convoy_William_Sail_12x/html/cape_town_to_kenya.htm |website=Britain at War |access-date=2022-03-24}}{{cite web |last1=Snelling |first1=Steve |title=Hell on the High Seas |url=https://www.keymilitary.com/article/hell-high-seas |website=Key Military |access-date=2022-03-24}}
= Convoy DM 1 =
At 1000 on 30 December 1941, about 370 miles east of Mombasa,{{cite book |last1=Munro |first1=Archie |title=The Winston Specials: Troopships via the Cape 1940-1943 |year=2006 |publisher=Liskeard Maritime Books |isbn=9781904459200 |page=232}} convoy WS12ZM (Malaya) detaches from convoys WS12ZA (Aden) and WS12ZB (Bombay) and with HMS Emerald, and USS Mt. Vernon form convoy DM.01 (Durban Malaya). DM.01 comprises the P&O's SS Narkunda,{{cite web |title=SSNarkunda |url=https://www.poheritage.com/Upload/Mimsy/Media/factsheet/93902NARKUNDA-1920pdf.pdf |website=P&O Heritage |publisher=P&OSNCo 2017 |access-date=2022-04-17}} MV Aorangi,{{cite web |last1=Goossens |first1=Reuben |title=MV Aorangi (1924) |url=http://ssmaritime.com/Aorangi-II-WW2.htm |website=SSMaritime |publisher=Reuben Goossens |access-date=2022-04-17}} P&O's MV Sussex,{{cite web |title=P&O MV Sussex (1937) |url=https://www.poheritage.com/Upload/Mimsy/Media/factsheet/94637SUSSEX-1937pdf.pdf |website=P&O Heritage |publisher=P&OSNCo 2017 |access-date=2022-04-17}}{{cite web |title=MV Sussex (1937) |url=http://www.clydeships.co.uk/view.php?ref=3404 |website=Scottish Built Ships |publisher=Caledonian Maritime Research Trust |access-date=2022-04-17}} and MS Abbekerk,{{cite web |last1=Enhanneke |first1=Peter |title=MSAbbekerk |url=https://www.msabbekerk.nl/?page_id=1077 |website=ms Abbekirk |publisher=Peter Enhanneke |access-date=2022-04-17}}{{cite web |last1=Helgason |first1=Gudmundur |title=Abbekerk |url=https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ship/2089.html |website=UBoat.net |publisher=Gudmundur Helgason |access-date=2022-04-17}} USS Mt. Vernon and escort HMS Emerald.
Convoy DM.01 reaches ‘Port T’ – Addu Atoll in the Maldives – at 1000 on 4 January 1942. Water is taken aboard and mail sent ashore, but shore leave is not permitted. They leave at 0900 on the 5th.
11 January 1942, the convoy passes through the Sunda Strait
12 January 1942, the convoy passes through the Bangka Strait
13 January 1942, at 1315, the USS Mount Vernon moors at the Navy Yard, Singapore.{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Ron |title=Convoy DM 1 |url=https://www.britain-at-war.org.uk/WW2/Convoy_William_Sail_12x/html/convoy_dm1.htm |website=Britain at War |access-date=2022-03-24}}
{{sfn|Gill|1957|p=523}}
= Duty 1942 =
The USS Mount Vernon departs Singapore on 14 January for Aden, where she embarked Australian veterans of the Mediterranean Theatre for transportation to Ceylon and Fremantle. Mount Vernon was the lead ship in Operation Stepsister, the movement of Australian troops from North Africa and the Middle East to Southeast Asia, the Dutch East Indies and Australia in response to war in the Pacific, and was carrying 4,668 of those troops in waters south of the Dutch East Indies even as allied naval forces were withdrawing in the face of Japanese attacks.{{sfn|Gill|1957|p=626}}{{sfn|John Curtin}} On 9 March Mount Vernon delivered the returning Australian Imperial Force (A.I.F.) troops to Adelaide.{{sfn|Gill|1957|p=632}}
In Australia she embarked civilian and military escapees from the Philippines, and naval survivors from ships sunk in the Battle of Makassar Strait. After calls in Adelaide, South Australia and Wellington, New Zealand, Mount Vernon sailed for San Francisco, arriving 31 March.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1942-12 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Dec 1942 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/134052258 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
= Duty 1943 =
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1943-01 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Jan 1943 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/134084278 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1943-02 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Feb 1943 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/134091722 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1943-03 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Mar 1943 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/134141598 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1943-04 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Apr 1943 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/134169969 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1943-05 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary May 1943 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/134223258 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1943-06 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Jun 1943 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/134283436 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1943-07 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Jul 1943 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/135914105 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1943-09 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Sep 1943 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/78214551 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1943-10 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Oct 1943 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/134324175 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1943-12 to 1944-01 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Dec 1943 & Jan 1944 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/140029211 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
For the next two years, Mount Vernon plied from San Francisco to ports in Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Hawaii, carrying the soldiers, marines, and sailors who would build the bases, then fight from them, bringing the ultimate victory over Japan.
= Duty 1944 =
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1943-12 to 1944-01
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1944-02 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Feb 1944 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/78342433 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1944-03 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Mar 1944 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/78406994 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1944-05 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary May 1944 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/78463848 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1944-07 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Jul 1944 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/78551349 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1944-09 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Sep 1944 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/139736382 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1944-12 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Dec 1944 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/139782382 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
Her last such voyage began from Los Angeles on 26 February 1944. Steaming via Melbourne, she proceeded to Bombay, India, to debark Army personnel. She returned to Melbourne, and sailed for Boston by way of the Panama Canal, arriving 22 May.
On 4 June 1944, Mount Vernon began a series of voyages to United Kingdom ports and the Mediterranean, carrying men for the massive buildup on the European continent which would bring Germany to her knees. Her crossings continued after the war, as she carried occupation troops over and brought veterans home.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}
= Duty 1945 =
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1945-01 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Jan 1945 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/139833110 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1945-02 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Feb 1945 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/139885398 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1945-03 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Mar 1945 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/139941419 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1945-05 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary May 1945 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/140045388 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1945-06 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Jun 1945 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/101727119 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1945-07 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Jul 1945 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/101773500 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1945-08 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Aug 1945 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/77490682 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
USS MOUNT VERNON - War Diary 1945-09 {{cite web |title=USS Mount Vernon War Diary Sep 1945 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/77533252 |website=National Archives |series=Series: World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories, ca. 1/1/1942 - ca. 6/1/1946 |date=January 1942 |publisher=NARA |access-date=2022-03-24}}
= Decommissioning =
Returning from the last voyage 3 January 1946, Mount Vernon decommissioned 18 January 1946, was delivered to the Maritime Commission, and again named Washington. She was struck from the Naval Register in 1959 and sold for scrap in 1965.
= Awards =
References
{{reflist}}
- {{DANFS|https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/m/mount-vernon-iv.html}}
- {{cite book |last=Gill |first=G. Hermon |title=Royal Australian Navy 1939–1942 | series =Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 2 – Navy | volume =1 |year=1957 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |location=Canberra |url=http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67910 }}
- {{cite web |url=http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=96 |title=John Curtin |author=World War II Database |access-date=3 July 2013 |ref={{sfnref|John Curtin}}}}
- [http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/22/22022.htm AP-22 Mount Vernon], Navsource Online.
{{Unique United States Navy transports}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mount Vernon AP-22}}
Category:World War II auxiliary ships of the United States