USS Point Cruz

{{main|Commencement Bay-class escort carrier}}

File:USS Point Cruz (CVE-119) underway in January 1955.jpeg

In 1941, as United States participation in World War II became increasingly likely, the US Navy embarked on a construction program for escort carriers, which were converted from transport ships of various types. Many of the escort carrier types were converted from C3-type transports, but the {{sclass|Sangamon|escort carrier|1}}s were instead rebuilt oil tankers. These proved to be very successful ships, and the {{sclass|Commencement Bay|escort carrier|4}}, authorized for Fiscal Year 1944, were an improved version of the Sangamon design. The new ships were faster, had improved aviation facilities, and had better internal compartmentation.{{sfn|Friedman 1986|pp=107–111}} They proved to be the most successful of the escort carriers, and the only class to be retained in active service after the war, since they were large enough to operate newer aircraft.{{sfn|Friedman 1983|p=199}}{{sfn|Stille|p=47}}

Point Cruz was {{cvt|557|ft|1|in|m}} long overall, with a beam of {{cvt|75|ft|m}} at the waterline, which extended to {{cvt|105|ft|2|in}} at maximum. She displaced {{convert|21397|LT|t}} at full load, of which {{cvt|12876|LT|t}} could be fuel oil (though some of her storage tanks were converted to permanently store seawater for ballast), and at full load she had a draft of {{cvt|27|ft|11|in}}. The ship's superstructure consisted of a small island. She had a complement of 1,066 officers and enlisted men.{{sfn|Friedman 1986|p=111}}

The ship was powered by two Allis-Chalmers geared steam turbines, each driving one screw propeller, using steam provided by four Combustion Engineering-manufactured water-tube boilers. The propulsion system was rated to produce a total of {{cvt|16000|shp|lk=in}} for a top speed of {{convert|19|kn|lk=in}}. Given the very large storage capacity for oil, the ships of the Commencement Bay class could steam for some {{convert|23900|nmi|lk=in}} at a speed of {{convert|15|kn}}.{{sfn|Friedman 1986|p=111}}

Her defensive anti-aircraft armament consisted of two 5"/38 caliber gun dual-purpose guns in single mounts, thirty-six Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60, and twenty Oerlikon 20 mm cannons. The Bofors guns were placed in three quadruple and twelve twin mounts, while the Oerlikon guns were all mounted individually. She carried 33 planes, which could be launched from two aircraft catapults. Two elevators transferred aircraft from the hangar to the flight deck.{{sfn|Friedman 1986|p=111}}

File:F4U-4s VMA-332 CVE-119 27Jul53.JPEG aboard Point Cruz in July 1953 off Korea]]

The first fifteen ships of the Commencement Bay class were ordered on 23 January 1943, allocated to Fiscal Year 1944.{{sfn|Friedman 1983|p=199}} The ship was laid down at the Todd Pacific Shipyards in Tacoma, Washington, originally under the name Trocadero Bay, on 4 December 1944. During construction, she was renamed Point Cruz, after a significant battle fought during the Guadalcanal campaign in November 1942. The completed hull was launched on 18 May 1945 and commissioned into active service on 16 October,{{sfn|Silverstone|p=27}} after the end of World War II. The ship thereafter conducted acceptance sea trials, followed by a shakedown cruise. From October 1945 to March 1946, she carried out pilot qualification training off the West Coast of the United States. Point Cruz was then used to transfer aircraft to American military bases in the western Pacific over the next year. She returned to the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard on 3 March 1947, where she was mothballed and then decommissioned on 30 June. She was assigned to the Pacific Reserve Fleet, based in Bremerton, Washington.{{sfn|DANFS}}

The Korean War broke out in 1950, preparations were made to reactivate Point Cruz as part of wartime mobilization. She was recommissioned on 26 July 1951, and then underwent extensive modifications to convert the ship for helicopter operations. She got underway on 4 January 1953 for operations off the coast of Korea as part of an anti-submarine warfare hunter-killer group. During this period, she was based in Sasebo, Japan.{{sfn|DANFS}} During this period, she carried squadrons VMA-332, flying Vought F4U Corsair fighters and Grumman TBF Avenger anti-submarine patrol bombers, respectively.{{sfn|Grossnick|p=703}} She patrolled the coast of Korea through early 1953, until the Korean Armistice Agreement ended hostilities in July. Point Cruz thereafter contributed her helicopters to an airlift effort to move Indian soldiers to Panmunjon to supervise the exchange of prisoners of war at the Joint Security Area.{{sfn|DANFS}}

Point Cruz arrived back in San Diego, California, in late December 1953. She took part in training exercises and then underwent an overhaul for periodic maintenance. On 24 August 1955, she got underway for another deployment to the western Pacific, serving as the flagship of Carrier Division 15, part of 7th Fleet. Her stay in the western Pacific was short, and on 31 January 1956, she left Yokosuka, Japan, to return home, arriving in Long Beach, California, in early February. From there, she returned to Puget Sound to be mothballed again. She was decommissioned on 31 August and allocated to the Bremerton Group of the Pacific Reserve Fleet. During this period, on 17 May 1957, she received the new hull number AKV-19.{{sfn|DANFS}} The Commencement Bay-class ships were no longer useful to the Navy, as they were to small to operate the latest generation of anti-submarine aircraft, which were much larger and heavier; instead, over the course of the mid-1950s, they replaced them with much larger {{sclass|Essex|aircraft carrier|1}}s. Proposals to radically rebuild the Commencement Bays either with an angled flight deck and various structural improvements or lengthen their hulls by {{cvt|30|ft}} and replace their propulsion machinery to increase speed came to nothing, as they were deemed to be too expensive.{{sfn|Friedman 1983|pp=339–342}}

On 23 August 1965, Point Cruz was recommissioned and transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service, now using the hull number T-AKV-19. She was used as an aircraft transport in Southeast Asia, supporting American forces during the Vietnam War.{{sfn|DANFS}} The ship was eventually struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 15 September 1970.{{sfn|Grossnick|p=432}}

{{Reflist|20em}}

• {{cite book

|last=Friedman

|first=Norman

|chapter=United States of America

|pages=105–133

|editor1-last=Gardiner

|editor1-first=Robert

|editor2-last=Gray

|editor2-first=Randal

|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921

|year=1986

|location=London

|publisher=Conway Maritime Press

|isbn=978-0-85177-245-5

|ref={{sfnRef|Friedman 1986}}

| url=https://archive.org/details/allworldsfightin00rgre

|name-list-style=amp

}}

• {{cite book

|last= Friedman

|first= Norman

|date= 1983

|title= U.S. Aircraft Carriers: An Illustrated Design History

|location= Annapolis

|publisher= Naval Institute Press

|isbn= 978-0-87021-739-5

|ref={{sfnref|Friedman 1983}}

}}

• {{cite book

|last=Grossnick

|first=Roy A.

|title=United States Naval Aviation, 1910–1995

|year=1997

|location=Washington, D.C.

|publisher=Naval Historical Center

|isbn=0945274343

|ref={{sfnref|Grossnick}}

}}

• {{cite DANFS

| title = Point Cruz (CVE-119)

| url = https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/p/point-cruz.html

| date = 27 April 2016

| access-date = 27 April 2024

| ref = {{sfnRef|DANFS}}

}}{{PD-notice}}

• {{cite book

| last = Silverstone

| first = Paul H.

| title = The Navy of World War II, 1922–1947

| publisher = Routledge

| year = 2012

| location = New York

| isbn = 978-1-135-86472-9

|ref={{sfnref|Silverstone}}

}}

• {{cite book

|last=Stille

|first=Mark

|title=US Navy Escort Carriers 1942–45

|year=2017

|location=London

|publisher=Osprey

|isbn=9781472818126

|ref={{sfnref|Stille}}

}}

{{Commons category}}

• [http://www.navsource.org/archives/03/119.htm navsource.org: USS Point Cruz]
• [http://usspointcruzcve119.tripod.com/index.html USS Point Cruz Association website]

{{Commencement Bay class escort carrier}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Point Cruz (CVE-119)}}

Category:Commencement Bay-class escort carriers

Category:1945 ships

Category:Korean War escort carriers of the United States

Category:Korean War aircraft carriers of the United States

Category:Cold War aircraft carriers of the United States

Category:Cold War auxiliary ships of the United States