Ukrainian volunteer battalions

{{main|Territorial defence battalions (Ukraine)}}

Since spring 2014, Ministry of Defence had formed 32 volunteer battalions. The ones under the Ministry of Defence command were officially named the "Territorial Defence Battalions".{{Cite web|url=http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iaiwp1508.pdf|title=Heroes or Villains? Volunteer Battalions in Post-Maidan Ukraine|access-date=22 January 2017|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123190548/https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iaiwp1508.pdf|url-status=live}} At the end of 2014, territorial defence battalions were reorganized as motorized infantry battalions.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ukrmilitary.com/2015/08/tro.html|title=Структура військ територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України|website=www.ukrmilitary.com|access-date=23 January 2017|archive-date=27 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227191222/https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2015/08/tro.html|url-status=live}} The idea of the territorial defence battalions, however, remained and in 2021 the Territorial Defense Forces were later created as a more formal and structured version of the territorial defence battalions.{{Cite web |last=Ponomarenko |first=Illia |author-link=Illia Ponomarenko |date=2022-01-07 |title=Who can and can't join Ukraine's Territorial Defense Force |url=https://kyivindependent.com/national/who-can-and-cant-join-ukraines-new-territorial-defense-force/ |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en-US}}

Besides territorial defence battalions, several regular units of Armed Forces of Ukraine were formed from volunteers, such as 3rd Airmobile Battalion "Phoenix" or 54th Reconnaissance Battalion "UNSO". In 2015 the 46th Spetsnaz Battalion "Donbas Ukraine" was created from volunteers of Donbas Battalion who decided to switch from National Guard of Ukraine to Armed Forces.

According to Interior Minister Avakov, by mid-April 2016 205 service personnel of the ministry's volunteer battalions had been killed in action, National Guardsmen included.{{cite news|url=http://www.unian.info/war/1322880-avakov-speaks-on-losses-of-national-guard-interior-ministry-in-donbas.html|title=Avakov speaks of losses of National Guard|work=UNIAN|date=18 April 2016|access-date=18 April 2016|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201232825/https://www.unian.info/war/1322880-avakov-speaks-on-losses-of-national-guard-interior-ministry-in-donbas.html|url-status=live}}

File:2014-08-26. «Сичь» отправляется на войну 035.JPG Special Tasks Patrol Police battalion in 2014.]]

{{main|Special Tasks Patrol Police (Ukraine)}}

Ministry of Internal Affairs had established 56 special tasks patrol police units sized from company to battalion.{{Cite web|url=http://mvs.gov.ua/ua/news/1018_Nacpoliciya_i_Nacgvardiya_mayut_buti_yak_vi__biyci_dobrobativ__Arsen_Avakov_FOTO_VIDEO.htm|title="Нацполіція і Нацгвардія мають бути, як ви – бійці добробатів", – Арсен Аваков (ФОТО, ВІДЕО)|website=МВС|access-date=23 January 2017|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226104020/http://mvs.gov.ua/ua/news/1018_Nacpoliciya_i_Nacgvardiya_mayut_buti_yak_vi__biyci_dobrobativ__Arsen_Avakov_FOTO_VIDEO.htm|url-status=dead}} After several reorganizations, this number shrunk to 33 units.

Notable Units formed between 2014 and 2015 include:

• Dnipro-1 Regiment
• Kharkiv Police Battalion
• Poltava Battalion
• Sich Battalion
• Svyatyi Mykolai Battalion

{{main|National Guard of Ukraine}}

The National Guard of Ukraine, subordinated to Ministry of Internal Affairs, had established several reserve battalions, among which were Donbas Battalion and General Kulchytskiy Battalion formed from volunteers and Maidan activists.{{Cite web|url=http://ngu.gov.ua/en/news/national-guard-volunteer-battalions-donbass-path-formation|title=National Guard volunteer battalions. "Donbass" – the path of formation {{!}} НГУ|website=ngu.gov.ua|access-date=28 January 2017|archive-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208152149/http://ngu.gov.ua/en/news/national-guard-volunteer-battalions-donbass-path-formation|url-status=live}}

Notable Units formed between 2014 and 2015 include:

File:Soldiers from the Azov Battalion move into position.jpg in 2014.]]

• Azov Battalion
• Donbas Battalion

The following battalions were not controlled by either the Ministry of Internal Affairs nor the Ministry of Defense, but independently operate.

{{main|Ukrainian Volunteer Corps}}

File:Voluntary Ukrainian Corps (DUK).jpg

Right Sector had formed several battalions that are known as Ukrainian Volunteer Corps.{{Cite news|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/right-sector-leader-proposes-setting-up-ukrainian-volunteer-corps-388592.html|title=Right Sector leader proposes setting up 'Ukrainian Volunteer Corps' {{!}} KyivPost|date=14 May 2015|newspaper=KyivPost|language=en-US|access-date=22 January 2017|archive-date=19 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019232721/https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/right-sector-leader-proposes-setting-up-ukrainian-volunteer-corps-388592.html|url-status=live}} In spring 2015 there were attempts to integrate Ukrainian Volunteer Corps into the Ukrainian Army or National Guard.{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/volunteers.htm|title=Ukrainian Military Personnel|last=Pike|first=John|website=www.globalsecurity.org|access-date=9 February 2017|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227173816/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ukraine/volunteers.htm|url-status=live}}

Battalion of "Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists" was operating in the area of Pisky, Donetsk.{{cite web|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/ukrainian-army-command-orders-oun-volunteer-battalion-to-leave-pisky-donetsk-region-385919.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411171905/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/ukrainian-army-command-orders-oun-volunteer-battalion-to-leave-pisky-donetsk-region-385919.html|archive-date=11 April 2015|title=Ukrainian army command orders OUN volunteer battalion to leave Pisky, Donetsk region|work=KyivPost|date=10 April 2015|access-date=15 June 2015}} The battalion was disbanded in September 2019; as one of the last units composed purely of volunteer soldiers.{{Cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/weapons-eastern-ukraine-volunteer-battalions/30163094.html|title=Volunteer Battalions Hand in Their Weapons in Eastern Ukraine|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=13 September 2019 |access-date=13 September 2019|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022160919/https://www.rferl.org/a/weapons-eastern-ukraine-volunteer-battalions/30163094.html|url-status=live}}

{{Main|Aerorozvidka}}

A unit specialized in aerial reconnaissance and drone warfare.{{Cite news |last=Parker |first=Charlie |title=Specialist Ukrainian drone unit picks off invading Russian forces as they sleep |language=en |website=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/specialist-drone-unit-picks-off-invading-forces-as-they-sleep-zlx3dj7bb |access-date=2022-03-27 |issn=0140-0460}} Aerorozvidka was nicknamed a "war startup" by some observers,Ukraine’s Drone Warriors. Patrick Tucker (2015). [https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/natosource/ukraine-s-drone-warriors/ atlanticcouncil.org] it began as a group of volunteer drone and IT enthusiasts. It used commercial drones to help the Ukrainian military forces. It was later integrated into the Ukrainian Ground Forces.

{{Main|Noman Çelebicihan Battalion}}

The Noman Çelebicihan Battalion was one of the three reported battalions with majority Muslim membership.Andrew E. Kramer. [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/08/world/europe/islamic-battalions-stocked-with-chechens-aid-ukraine-in-war-with-rebels.html Islamic Battalions, Stocked With Chechens, Aid Ukraine in War With Rebels] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227033446/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/08/world/europe/islamic-battalions-stocked-with-chechens-aid-ukraine-in-war-with-rebels.html |date=27 February 2022 }}. New York Times. 7 July 2015.

It was composed mostly of ethnic Crimean Tatars and was based in the Kherson region bordering Crimea.{{cite web|title = First pictures of the Batallion n.a. Noman Çelebicihan posted|url = http://qha.com.ua/en/politics/first-pictures-of-the-batallion-n-a-noman-celebicihan-posted/135928/|website = QHA|access-date = 21 February 2016|archive-date = 19 October 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171019101356/http://qha.com.ua/en/politics/first-pictures-of-the-batallion-n-a-noman-celebicihan-posted/135928/|url-status = dead}} It did not participate in any combat operations. The battalion was formed and disbanded in 2016. Many of its members later joined other volunteer battalions or enlisted in the Ukrainian army. The battalion reportedly received assistance from Turkey.{{cite web|title = Crimean Tatar battalion got help from the Crimean Tatar diaspora of Turkey|url = http://qha.com.ua/en/politics/crimean-tatar-battalion-got-help-from-turkey/135907/|website = QHA|access-date = 21 February 2016|archive-date = 11 October 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161011005614/http://qha.com.ua/en/politics/crimean-tatar-battalion-got-help-from-turkey/135907/|url-status = dead}}

{{main|Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War}}

File:Бійці козацької роти спецпризначення ім. Т.Шевченка. 2.jpg in 2014.]]

The foreign fighter movement in 2014 was largely short-lived, with researcher Kacper Rekawek writing, "fighters arrived throughout the summer of 2014, and most of them were gone from Ukraine at some point in 2015, although some returned later, with a small group settling in Ukraine permanently."{{cite news |last1=Rekawek |first1=Kacper |title=Ukraine's Foreign Legion: 12 important points |url=https://www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/english/news-and-events/right-now/2022/ukraine%E2%80%99s-foreign-legion-.html |access-date=19 March 2022 |work=University of Oslo |publisher=Center for Research on Extremism |date=18 March 2022 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318111036/https://www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/english/news-and-events/right-now/2022/ukraine%E2%80%99s-foreign-legion-.html |url-status=live}} By the end of 2015, Rekawek notes, "both sides took steps to professionalise their forces and incorporate the bottom-up organised volunteer battalions into e.g. the Ukrainian National Guard or, in the case of the 'separatists,' into the 'army corps.' This effectively meant an end to foreign fighter recruitment for this conflict and very few (new) foreigners joined either side after the end of 2015."

On 6 October 2014 the Ukrainian parliament voted to allow foreign fighters to join the Ukrainian military. That December, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko promised that foreign fighters who join the Ukrainian military will receive citizenship. However, the Kyiv Post reported that by October 2015, only one foreign fighter from Russia had been granted citizenship. The same month, 30 foreign fighters (from Belarus, Georgia, and Russia) rallied in Kyiv for Ukrainian citizenship.{{cite news |last1=Goncharova |first1=Olena |title=Foreign fighters struggle for legal status in Ukraine |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/war-against-ukraine/foreign-fighters-struggle-for-legal-status-in-ukraine-400182.html |access-date=19 March 2022 |publisher=Kyiv Post |date=18 October 2015 |archive-date=10 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210152620/https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/war-against-ukraine/foreign-fighters-struggle-for-legal-status-in-ukraine-400182.html |url-status=live}}

An analysis of foreign fighters by Arkadiusz Legieć, a Senior Analyst at the Polish Institute of International Affairs, estimated that about 17,241 foreign fighters fought in Ukraine between 2014 and 2019. 3,879 of those foreign fighters supported Ukraine and joined foreign volunteer battalions. The largest group of foreign fighters in Ukraine was approximately 3,000 Russian citizen volunteers. The second-largest group consisted of approximately 300 Belarusians. The third-largest group consisted of approximately 120 Georgians. The only other country to exceed 50 foreign fighters was Croatia, with approximately 60 fighters. Other countries whose nationals supported Ukraine included Albania (15), Australia (5), Austria (35), Azerbaijan (20), Belgium (1), Bosnia and Herzegovina (5), Bulgaria (6), Canada (10), Czech Republic (5), Denmark (15), Estonia (10), Finland (15), France (15), Germany (15), Greece (2), Ireland (7), Israel (15), Italy (35), Latvia (8), Lithuania (15), Moldova (15), Kosovo (4), Netherlands (3), North Macedonia (4), Norway (10), Poland (10), Portugal (1), Romania (4), Serbia (6), Slovakia (8), Sweden (25), Turkey (30), the United Kingdom (10), and the United States (15).{{cite news |title=WHITE SUPREMACY EXTREMISM: The Transnational Rise of the Violent White Supremacist Movement |url=https://thesoufancenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Report-by-The-Soufan-Center-White-Supremacy-Extremism-The-Transnational-Rise-of-The-Violent-White-Supremacist-Movement.pdf |access-date=13 March 2022 |publisher=The Soufan Center |date=September 2019 |archive-date=31 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131063400/https://thesoufancenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Report-by-The-Soufan-Center-White-Supremacy-Extremism-The-Transnational-Rise-of-The-Violent-White-Supremacist-Movement.pdf |url-status=live}} {{better source needed|reason=sources provided are from before the war, therefore numbers have changed|date=April 2021}}

File:MamukaMamuashvilli.jpg, the commander of the Georgian National Legion. Mamulashvili is Georgian national and a veteran of the Abkhazia War, First Chechen War and Russo-Georgian War who joined Ukraine at the outbreak of the Donbas war.]]

{{main|Georgian Legion (Ukraine)}}

The Georgian National Legion is a paramilitary unit formed of more than 700 soldiers, mostly ethnic Georgian volunteers fighting on the side of Ukraine in the war in Donbas and Russian invasion of Ukraine. The unit was organized in 2014 with the declared aim "to stand up to Russian aggression". The group is commanded by Mamuka Mamulashvili, a veteran Georgian officer. There are also members of Georgian national legion that had experience from the Chechen wars. After the start of Russian invasion of Ukraine more people of different nationalities applied to join Georgian National Legion. The GNL has been seen multiple times in news reports and interviews and can be seen as one of the more known Volunteer battalions.

{{main|Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion}}

The Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion, originally named the "Chechen battalion", was set up in March 2014 and is one of several Chechen volunteer armed formations fighting on the side of Ukraine. It was later named after Chechnya's first president and leader Dzhokhar Dudayev. The battalion has been under the command of Adam Osmayev after Isa Munayev was killed in action during the Battle of Debaltseve.{{Cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2015/02/27/isa-munayevs-war/|title=The Final Days of a Chechen Commander Fighting in Ukraine|last=Mamon|first=Marcin|date=27 February 2015|website=The Intercept|language=en-US|access-date=27 January 2020}} The battalion is made up mostly of Chechen volunteers, many of whom fought in the First and Second Chechen War. Members of the battalion view the war as part of a broader struggle against Russian imperialism and the Kadyrov regime.Oleg Sukhov. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150327083050/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/russias-war-against-ukraine-renews-chechen-animosities-384581.html Russia’s war against Ukraine renews Chechen animosities]. Kyiv Post. 27 March 2015. The battalion specializes in counter-subversion.[https://www.kyivpost.com/multimedia/photo/chechen-battalion-389100.html Chechen fighter transfers struggle against Kremlin to Ukraine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019233233/https://www.kyivpost.com/multimedia/photo/chechen-battalion-389100.html/|date=19 October 2017}}, Chechen fighter transfers struggle against Kremlin to Ukraine, Kyiv Post (27 May 2014) Since the start of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the battalion has participated in the defence of Kyiv and has taken part in numerous battles and offensives.{{cite news |last1=Ghaedi |first1=Monir |title=Chechen and Tatar Muslims take up arms to fight for Ukraine |url=https://www.dw.com/en/chechen-and-tatar-muslims-take-up-arms-to-fight-for-ukraine/a-61174375 |access-date=1 April 2022 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |date=24 March 2022 |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401002331/https://www.dw.com/en/chechen-and-tatar-muslims-take-up-arms-to-fight-for-ukraine/a-61174375 |url-status=live }} Since November 2022, the battalion is involved in the Battle of Bakhmut.{{cite web |author1=Alexander Query |author2=Francis Farrell |title=Meet the Chechens fighting Russia in Ukraine |url=https://kyivindependent.com/national/meet-the-chechens-fighting-russia-in-ukraine |website=Kyivindependent |access-date=1 December 2022 |date=November 25, 2022}}

{{main|Sheikh Mansur Battalion}}

The Sheikh Mansur Battalion is one of several Chechen volunteer armed formations fighting on the side of Ukraine. It is named after an 18th-century Chechen leader who fought against the Russian expansion into the Caucasus. Following its establishment in 2014, it has been involved in the Donbas war. It was reported to be defending the front line near Mariupol in 2015.[http://uatoday.tv/politics/veteran-chechen-fighters-locked-in-fierce-battle-with-russian-backed-militants-in-east-ukraine-427917.html Veteran Chechen fighters locked in fierce battle with Russian-backed militants in east Ukraine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402081219/http://uatoday.tv/politics/veteran-chechen-fighters-locked-in-fierce-battle-with-russian-backed-militants-in-east-ukraine-427917.html |date=2 April 2016 }}. Ukraine Today. 18 May 2015. Despite its staunch pro-Ukrainian stance, the battalion suffered sanctions from the Ukrainian government (with some members being extradited to Russia), and as a result, the battalion was disbanded in September 2019; as one of the last units composed purely of volunteer soldiers.{{Cite web | url=https://oc-media.org/opinions/opinion-ukraine-has-a-duty-to-remove-north-caucasian-volunteer-fighters-from-the-sanctions-list/ | title=Opinion | Ukraine has a duty to remove North Caucasian volunteer fighters from the sanctions list }}{{Cite web | url=https://www.kavkazr.com/a/chechentsy-eto-lyudi-kotorye-za-nas-predstavitelj-prezidenta-ukrainy-o-dobrovoljtsah-i-ekstraditsiyah-/31812827.html | title="Чеченцы – это люди, которые за нас". Представитель президента Украины – о добровольцах и экстрадициях }} However, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the battalion was reported to be active again.{{Cite web |date=2022-03-22 |title=Foreign Fighters: Taking the Fight to Russia in Ukraine |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2022/03/22/foreign-fighters-taking-the-fight-to-russia-in-ukraine/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Balkan Insight |language=en-US |archive-date=22 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322184351/https://balkaninsight.com/2022/03/22/foreign-fighters-taking-the-fight-to-russia-in-ukraine/ |url-status=live}}{{Cite web |last=Welle (www.dw.com) |first=Deutsche |title=Chechen and Tatar Muslims take up arms to fight for Ukraine {{!}} DW {{!}} 24.03.2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/chechen-and-tatar-muslims-take-up-arms-to-fight-for-ukraine/a-61174375 |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=DW.COM |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |title='We have only one enemy — this is Russia': the Chechens taking up arms for Ukraine |url=https://oc-media.org/features/we-have-only-one-enemy-this-is-russia-the-chechens-taking-up-arms-for-ukraine/ |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=OC Media |language=en-US}} Since then, the battalion has been fighting in numerous major battles such as the Battle of Kyiv, Battle of Mariupol and Battle of Sievierodonetsk. The battalion has been involved in intense battles in the Battle of Bakhmut and Battle of Soledar since November 2022.{{cite web |title=Окупанти показали відео з "кадирівцями" в Бахмуті. Насправді на кадрах — чеченські добровольці ЗСУ (ВІДЕО, ФОТО) |url=https://freeradio.com.ua/okupanty-pokazaly-video-z-kadyrivtsiamy-v-bakhmuti-naspravdi-na-kadrakh-chechenski-dobrovoltsi-zsu-video-foto/ |website=Вільне Радіо |date=December 2022 |access-date=8 December 2022}}{{cite web |title=Reconnaissance of the Chechen battalion named after Sheikh Mansur. Soledar. Bakhmut region. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgKJEP3kDmo |website=(video) |access-date=8 December 2022}}

{{main|Separate Special-Purpose battalion}}

The Separate Special-Purpose Battalion (OBON) of the Ministry of Defense of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria is one of several Chechen volunteer armed formations fighting on the side of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It is functioning as part of the Foreign Legion of Territorial Defense of Ukraine. It was created by Akhmed Zakayev on July 31, 2022, on the basis of a Chechen formation that has been fighting on the side of the Armed Forces of Ukraine since Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine.{{cite web |title=Appointment of the OBON Armed Forces of the CRI in Ukraine |url=https://thechechenpress.com/video/16908-naznachenie-komandira-obon-vs-chri-v-ukraine.html |website=The Chechen Press |access-date=25 September 2022}}{{cite web |title=Press conference in Kiyv |url=https://thechechenpress.com/news/16918-press-konferentsiya-v-kieve.html |website=The Chechen Press |access-date=25 September 2022}}

{{main|Tactical group "Belarus"}}

Tactical Group "Belarus" is a volunteer group of Belarusian nationals who were part of the Ukrainian volunteer battalions.

{{Main|Territorial Defense Forces (Ukraine)}}

In 2022, the former Territorial defence battalions were reorganized into a more formal and structured independent branch of the armed forces known as the Territorial Defense Forces. They serve as a spiritual successor of the volunteer battalions, allowing local civilian volunteers to join and do local territorial defense against an invasion.

{{Main|International Legion of Territorial Defense of Ukraine}}

Following the 2022 invasion of Ukraine by forces of the Russian Federation, Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy urged foreign volunteers to travel to Ukrainian embassies across the world to join a new 'International Brigade' of the Ukrainian armed forces.

{{main|Freedom of Russia Legion}}

Freedom of Russia Legion was formed following the 2022 invasion, which made up of defectors of the Russian armed forces. The legion also reportedly consists of volunteers from the Russian opposition.

{{main|Ukrainian Legion (Poland)}}

In 2024, as part of an effort to recruit abroad citizens of Ukraine, the Polish and Ukrainian government established a scheme to enroll Ukrainians in Poland into a new voluntary military formation called "Ukrainian Legion (Poland)", recruited and deployed by Ukraine, equipped and trained by Poland and Western partners.{{Cite web|url=https://kyivindependent.com/poland-and-ukraine-to-form-a-military-unit-from-ukrainians-in-europe-will-it-be-effective/|website=Kyiv Independent|title=Poland and Ukraine to form a military unit from Ukrainians in Europe. Will it be effective?}}

Thousands of Ukrainians have reportedly registered already.{{Cite web|url=https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/07/11/thousands-of-ukrainians-in-poland-have-registered-to-join-new-ukrainian-legion-says-foreign-minister/|website=Notes from Poland|title=Thousands of Ukrainians in Poland have registered to join new Ukrainian Legion, says foreign minister}}

{{Reflist}}

• Rosaria Puglisi, [http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iaiwp1508.pdf Heroes or Villains? Volunteer Battalions in Post-Maidan Ukraine] // Istituto Affari Internazionali, March 2015
• Margaret Klein, [https://www.foi.se/download/18.2bc30cfb157f5e989c3181f/1477482863677/RUFS Briefing No. 27 .pdf Ukraine’s volunteer battalions – advantages and challenge] // Swedish Defence Research Agency, April 2015
• Ilmari Käihkö, [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14702436.2018.1461013/ A nation-in-the-making, in arms: control of force, strategy and the Ukrainian Volunteer Battalions], Defence Studies, Volume 18 Issue 2, 2018, pp. 147–166.
• Ilmari Käihkö, [https://warontherocks.com/2018/03/the-war-between-people-in-ukraine/ The War Between People in Ukraine], The War on the Rocks, 21 March 2018

{{Ukrainian volunteer battalions}}

{{2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine}}

Category:Paramilitary forces of Ukraine

Category:War in Donbas

Category:Battalions of Ukraine