Ulmus 'Lobel'

'Lobel' is a fastigiate, small-crowned, tree not unlike the pyramidal Hornbeam Carpinus betulus 'Fastigiata'.{{cite journal |editor-first=D.A.|editor-last=Burdekin|journal = Forestry Commission Bulletin (Research on Dutch Elm Disease in Europe)|number=60|last=Heybroek|first= Hans M. |publisher=HMSO|location=London|date=1983|title=Resistant elms for Europe|pages=108–113|url=http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/FCBU060.pdf/$FILE/FCBU060.pdf#page=118}}{{cite book|last1=Heybroek|first1=H.M.|editor1-last=Sticklen|editor1-first=Mariam B.|editor2-last=Sherald|editor2-first=James L.|title=Dutch Elm Disease Research|date=1993|publisher=Springer-Verlag|location=New York, USA|pages=16–25|access-date=26 October 2017|chapter=The Dutch Elm Breeding Program|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=avvxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA16|isbn=978-1-4615-6874-2}} The typically acuminate leaves are < 11 cm long × < 7 cm broad, and notably late to flush, rarely before mid-May.Santini, A., Fagnani, A., Ferrini, F., Ghelardini, L., & Mittempergher, L. (2005). Variation among Italian and French elm clones in their response to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi inoculation. Forest Pathology, 25 (2005), 183-193, Blackwell Verlag, BerlinPhotographs of 'Lobel' elm, [http://www.ca.uky.edu/agcollege/plantpathology/vaillanc/for410/Dutch%20Elm%20Disease/BASIC/DED/CORE/00/00/FA.HTML] leaves and samarae [http://www.florapictures.com/photodetail.php?dir=2&photocount=3&plants=ULLOBEL&photoid=1002229700]

File:Ulmus 'Lobel' bark, 35-year-old tree, Southsea Common, England.jpg|Bark of 35-year-old 'Lobel'

File:Lobel leaves 1.jpg|'Lobel' leaves

'Lobel' was rated 4 out of 5 ("good") in the Netherlands for its resistance to Dutch elm disease.Heybroek, H. M., Goudzwaard, L, Kaljee, H. (2009). Iep of olm, karakterboom van de Lage Landen (:Elm, a tree with character of the Low Countries). KNNV, Uitgeverij. {{ISBN|9789050112819}} However, in trials conducted by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Italy, 'Lobel' suffered 50% defoliation and 35.5% dieback when inoculated with unnaturally high concentrations of the fungal pathogen, compared with 2.8% and 1.2% resp. for 'Sapporo Autumn Gold'.Santini, A, et al. (2002). 'San Zanobi' and 'Plinio' Elm trees. HortScience 37(7): 1139–1141, 2002.

Owing to the U. wallichiana in its ancestry, young specimens of 'Lobel' proved particularly susceptible to elm yellows (phloem necrosis) in trials in Italy.Mittempergher, L., (2000). Elm Yellows in Europe. In: The Elms, Conservation and Disease Management. 103–119. Dunn C.P., ed. Kluwer Academic Press Publishers, Boston, USA.

Following the development and release of cultivars such as 'Columella' more resistant to Dutch elm disease, planting is no longer recommended wherever the disease is prevalent.{{cite journal|last1=Burdekin|first1=D.A.|last2=Rushforth|first2=K.D.|others=Revised by J.F. Webber|title=Elms resistant to Dutch elm disease|journal=Arboriculture Research Note|date=November 1996|volume=2/96|pages=1–9|url=https://www.trees.org.uk/kenticotrees/Trees.org.uk/files/90/90f2d2f6-3d77-459c-8288-d951b0bf9782.pdf|access-date=26 October 2017|publisher=Arboricultural Advisory & Information Service|location=Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham|issn=1362-5128}} Moreover, 'Lobel' was originally propagated by grafting onto U. glabra rootstocks, which has proven an unsatisfactory combination in the Netherlands leading to graft failures in maturity. Graft failure is the commonest cause of elm death in Amsterdam. Sales of 'Lobel' in the Netherlands declined from over 12,000 in 1989 to 1,100 in 2004.{{cite book|last1=Hiemstra|first1=J.A.|display-authors=etal|title=Belang en toekomst van de iep in Nederland|trans-title=Importance and future of the elm in the Netherlands|date=2007|publisher=Praktijkonderzoek Plant & Omgeving B.V.|location=Wageningen, Netherlands|url=http://edepot.wur.nl/21797|access-date=26 October 2017}}

However, 'Lobel' is particularly resistant to sea winds, and was accordingly planted in large numbers in the coastal provinces in The Netherlands and by Portsmouth City Council in the late 1980s, notably to replace the Huntingdon Elms lost in the Great Storm of 1987 along the Ladies' Mile on Southsea Common. There are also large plantings at Ealing and Primrose Hill, London, Brighton & Hove, and Havant. 'Lobel' was included in trials [http://www.netspace.net.au/~stephenf/Resistant_Elms.html] in Canberra, Australia, started in 1988 but has not thrived in that environment.

'Lobel' was introduced to North America in 1991 when Heybroek donated material to the North Central Regional PI Station, Iowa State University, but the tree is not known to have been commercially released there.Gibbs, J. N., Brasier, C. M., McNabb Jnr., H.S., and Heybroek, H. M. (1975). Further studies on the pathenogenicity in Ceratocystis ulmi. Europ. Journ. Forest. Path. 5 (3): 161–174.

File:Ulmus 'Lobel' Bruns nurseries Bad Zwischenahn 2010.08.07.JPG|'Lobel', Bruns nurseries, Bad Zwischenahn

File:Snekertrekweg Leeuwarden 2015.jpg|'Lobel', Snekertrekweg, Leeuwarden (2015)

File:Gertrudiskerk en Jonkerschap.jpg|'Lobel' by Gertrudiskerk, Jonkerschap, Achlum, Friesland (2022)

File:Avenue of Ulmus 'Lobel', Ladies Mile, Southsea, UK.jpg|Wind-pruned avenue of 'Lobel', Southsea, UK

The tree is named for Matthias de L'obel, the Flemish botanist also commemorated by the genus Lobelia.

• North Central Regional PI Station Arboretum, ARS, Iowa State University, Ames, US. Acc. no. Ames 24988

• Arboretum de La Petite Loiterie [http://lapetiteloiterie.free.fr/html/presentation/especes.html], Monthodon, France. No details available
• Brighton & Hove City Council, UK. NCCPG Elm Collection.
• Grange Farm Arboretum [http://www.thegardeningwebsite.co.uk/grange-farm-plants-speciality-rare-trees-shrubs-i411.html], Sutton St. James, Spalding, Lincs., UK. Acc. no. 821.
• Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, UK. Acc. no. 1980.729
• Wijdemeren City Council, Netherlands. Elm collection; 't Jagerspaadje (2010) and ‘s-Gravelandsevaartweg (2016) Loosdrecht; Trapgans (2007), Ankeveen.

{{reflist}}

{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars |state=collapsed}}

Category:Hybrid elm cultivar

Category:Ulmus articles with images

Category:Ulmus