Ulmus minor 'Viminalis'

Wood (1851) described 'Viminalis' as "a neat-growing compact tree, with small foliage",{{cite journal|last = Wood | first = John Frederick | journal = The Midland Florist and Suburban Horticulturist | title = Coppiceana | volume = 6 |date = 1852 |pages = 365 |location = London |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4j5OAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA365}} Henry (1913) as a "tree with ascending branches, pendulous branchlets, and sparse foliage", and Bean (1981) as a "narrow-headed, rather slender tree". 'Viminalis' is slow-growing; it can ultimately reach 20 m in height.Browne, D. J. (1846). The Trees of America. Harper & Brothers, New York. Leaves vary from obovate-elliptic to narrowly elliptic; they are deeply serrated, < 5.0 cm long, tapering to a nearly symmetrical base and long-acuminate at the tip, with prominent white axil tufts on the undersides.{{Naturalis Biodiversity Center |id=WAG.1853015 |name=Ulmus carpinifolia Gled. var. viminalis Rehder}} Sheet described U. campestris var. viminalis (Loud.) (Amsterdam specimen); {{Naturalis Biodiversity Center |id=WAG.1853012 |name=Ulmus carpinifolia Gled. var. viminalis Rehder}} Sheet described as U. procera Salisb. var. viminalis (Loud.) Rehd. (Hortus Leiden specimen); {{Naturalis Biodiversity Center |id=WAG.1846174 |name=Ulmus carpinifolia Gled. var. viminalis Rehder}} Sheet described as U. procera 'Viminalis' (Wageningen Arboretum specimen, 1962); {{Naturalis Biodiversity Center |id=L.1581944 |name=Ulmus procera Salisb. cv. Ssp.}} Formerly Ulmus antarctica (Späth), 1925; {{Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh |id=E00405689 }} Planted cultivar, Ibrahim Pasha Gardens, Beykoz, Istanbul (1961) In his description of Ulmus antarctica Hort. (1864), Kirchner added that the leaves are more or less downward-curving, with longish petioles, and that the leaf-margins have numerous deep, double, hook-shaped teeth, "so that the leaves appear almost slit".

Loudon's sketch (below) suggests that a narrow leaf was fairly uniform on his tree. The Cambridge University Herbarium specimen of Loudon's Ulmus campestris viminalis[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photograph_of_Ulmus_campestris_viminalis_specimen.jpg U. campestris viminalis leaves, Cambridge University Herbarium, labelled 'Herb. J. Lindley, Ph.D., Purchased in 1866'] shows leaves resembling both Henry's 'Viminalis' drawing[File:Leaf of U. 'Viminalis' from Elwes & Henry.jpg Leaf-drawing of Elwes & Henry's 'type' tree (1913)] and Schneider's 'Antarctica' drawing,[File:Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde, page 215.jpg Schneider, Camillo Karl (1906), Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde, p.215, Fig. "o": f. antarctica] confirming the synonymy. 'Viminalis' has been likened to Zelkova × verschaffeltii.Hilliers' Manual of Trees & Shrubs. (1977). David & Charles, Newton Abbot, UK. Bean wrote in 1936, "I have never seen it bearing fruit, although it flowers." The old specimen in Lydiard Street, Ballarat, Victoria, however (see 'Notable trees'), produces abundant fruit, the seed being close to the marginal notch in somewhat broad samarae.

File:Ulmus campestris viminalis. The twiggy field, or English, Elm. p.233.jpg|Loudon's Ulmus campestris viminalis, with leaf sketch

File:Photograph of Ulmus campestris viminalis specimen.jpg|U. campestris viminalis leaves, Cambridge University Herbarium, labelled 'Herb. J. Lindley, Ph.D., Purchased in 1866'{{cite journal|journal=The Gardeners' Chronicle|last=Moss|first=Charles Edward|author-link=Charles Edward Moss|title=British elms|volume=51|date=1912|pages=236|url=https://archive.org/stream/gardenerschronic351lond#page/236/mode/2up}}

File:Ulmus campestris variety viminalis Loudon.jpg|1912 Gardeners' Chronicle illustration of the same, identifying specimen as Loudon's 'Viminalis'

File:Plot's elm (not U. minor 'Plotii').jpg|Dr Plot's elm for comparison (1677).

File:Leaf of U. 'Viminalis' from Elwes & Henry.jpg|Leaf-drawing of Elwes & Henry's 'type' tree (1913)

File:Ulmus x viminalis (1123 Lydiard Street) (3).jpg|Foliage of 'Viminalis' saplings cloned from the tree in Lydiard St, Ballarat, Victoria

File:Ulmus x viminalis (1123 Lydiard Street) (5).jpg|Same

File:Ulmus x viminalis 'Pulverulenta'. Batsford Arboretum, Gloucestershire (9).jpg|Reverted branchlet of variegated 'Viminalis', Batsford Arboretum

'Viminalis' is very susceptible to Dutch elm disease, as are the natural hybrids between field elm and plot elm (Melville's U. × viminalis), of which the type cultivar is usually considered an example.

'Viminalis' was valued for its ornamental qualities, Wood (1851) considering it "well adapted for the back part of shrubberies". Bean (1936) called it "a charming small tree for gardens, very elegant and not growing fast",Bean, W. J. (1936) Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain, 7th edition, Murray, London, vol. 2, p.621 while the catalogue of Hillier & Sons, Winchester, Hampshire, (1958) described it as "an extremely graceful, slender tree of slow growth, easily distinguished from all other elms by its narrow, fimbriated leaves".Trees and Shrubs Catalogue, Hillier & Sons, 1958–1959, p.99 Kirchner noted that the tree is not sensitive to frost. Specimens were present in many of the major UK collections, including Cambridge University Botanic Garden (see 'Notable trees' below), Kew Gardens (35 ft., 1913), Westonbirt Arboretum (49 ft., 1927),{{Cite book|title = Catalogue of the Trees & Shrubs [at Westonbirt] in the Collection of the Late Lieut-Col. Sir George Lindsay Holford|last = Jackson|first = A. Bruce|year = 1927|location = London|pages = 195}} Royal Victoria Park, Bath (1857, 1905),Hanham, F. (1857). [https://archive.org/details/manualforparkorb00hanh A Manual for the Park] (Royal Victoria Park, Bath). Longman, London.{{cite journal |last=Inman |first=T. Frederic |date=1905 |title=The Elm|url=https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofbat10bath#page/37/mode/1up|journal=Proceedings of the Bath Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club|volume=10|page=37 |access-date=19 August 2016}} and Ryston Hall arboretum, Norfolk (planted as U. antarctica, 1914).[http://www.rystonhall.co.uk/ rystonhall.co.uk/]{{cite book| title=Ryston Hall Arboretum catalogue |date=c. 1920 |pages=13–14|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ryston_Hall_Arboretum_Catalogue_c._1920_pages_13,14.jpg}} 'Viminalis' remained in the catalogues of the Hillier nursery, Winchester, till the 1960s.{{cite book |title=Catalogue of trees & shrubs. T & S 100 |date=1964 |publisher=Hillier and sons |location=Winchester, England |pages=158–159}}

Introduced to North America, Ulmus viminalis, 'slender-twigged elm', was marketed by Hovey's nursery of Boston, Massachusetts, from the 1850s,[https://archive.org/details/catalogueofornam1855hove/page/4 Hovey & Co., Boston, Mass., Catalogue of ornamental trees & shrubs, evergreens and climbing plants, 1855, p.5] and by the Mount Hope Nursery (also known as Ellwanger and Barry) of Rochester, New York, from c.1860.[https://archive.org/details/ellwangerbarrysd1868moun/page/8 Ellwanger & Barry, Descriptive Catalogue of Hardy Ornamental Trees ... at the Mount Hope Nurseries (Rochester, N.Y., 1868), p.9] In continental Europe, North America and Australasia a few specimens survive in arboreta and avenues. One tree {{convert|40|ft|m}} in height, determined as U. × viminalis Loud. by Melville, stood by the lake at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, in 1953.Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (France). Collection: Vascular plants (P). Specimen [http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p06882554 P06882554] It may have been the Ulmus viminalis specimen present in the Gardens in 1877.[https://archive.org/details/AnnualreportonM00GuilA/page/38 Guilfoyle, W. R. (William Robert), Annual report on the Melbourne Botanic Gardens, Government House grounds and Domain, Melbourne, 1877; p.39] In the UK two mature trees survive in the Brighton and Hove area.In Longhill School, Rottingdean (2024), and in Withdean Park. The tree remains in cultivation in Australia.{{Cite web | title = Significant Elms of South-Eastern Australia | last = Shaw | first = Phil | work = advancedtrees.com.au | access-date = 2017-06-19 | url = http://www.advancedtrees.com.au/media-advanced-trees/articles/330-significant-elms.html }}{{Cite web | title = 1123 Lydiard Street North, Ballarat | work = Google Maps | access-date = 2017-06-19 | url = https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@-37.5372755,143.8623949,3a,50.8y,225.02h,97.79t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sd22tgWJ15NElISH-V8Z90Q!2e0!7i13312!8i6656 }}

File:BH00071 Ulmus minor 'Viminalis'. The Vale, Rottingdean, Brighton. 01.jpg|Spray of leaves from Rottingdean tree

File:BH00071 Ulmus minor 'Viminalis'. The Vale, Rottingdean, Brighton. 03.jpg|Leaf from Rottingdean tree

File:BH00071 Ulmus minor 'Viminalis'. The Vale, Rottingdean, Brighton. 02.jpg|Underside of same

File:BH00070 Ulmus. Withdean Park, Brighton (2).jpg|Withdean Park 'Viminalis', Brighton (2015)

File:BH00070 Ulmus. Withdean Park, Brighton (1).jpg|Dried leaves of Withdean Park 'Viminalis', Brighton

Elwes and Henry list notable specimens "of this variety" (the type tree described and illustrated) in the Cambridge University Botanic Garden (70 ft) and in Gisselfeld Park, Denmark (60 ft). Three trees labelled U. 'Viminalis', pollarded in 1984,{{Cite web | title = Victorian Heritage Database | work = vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au | date = 2008-06-16 | access-date = 2017-06-20 | url = http://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/70863 }} stand in Benalla Botanic Gardens, Australia.benalla.vic.gov.au/Files/BRC_Gardens_DL.pdf[https://trusttrees.org.au/tree/VIC/Benalla/Bridge_Street 'Viminalis' in Benalla Botanic Gardens, trusttrees.org.au] A specimen of the same cultivar, apparently unpollarded, stands in Lydiard Street, Ballarat, Victoria.{{Cite web | title = Significant Elms of South-Eastern Australia | last = Shaw | first = Phil | work = advancedtrees.com.au | access-date = 2017-06-19 | url = http://www.advancedtrees.com.au/media-advanced-trees/articles/330-significant-elms.html }}{{Cite web | title = 1123 Lydiard Street North, Ballarat | work = Google Maps | access-date = 2017-06-19 | url = https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@-37.5372755,143.8623949,3a,50.8y,225.02h,97.79t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sd22tgWJ15NElISH-V8Z90Q!2e0!7i13312!8i6656 }}

File:Ulmus x viminalis.jpg|Two pollarded U. 'Viminalis', Benalla Botanic Gardens, Australia (2006)

File:Ulmus x viminalis leaves.jpg|Leaves of Benalla U. 'Viminalis'

Cultivars include both sports of the type tree and elms similar enough to have been conjectured as related to it:

• Viminalis Aurea, Viminalis Gracilis, Viminalis Incisa, Viminalis Marginata, Viminalis Pendula, Viminalis Pulverulenta, Viminalis Stricta.

• Ulmus antarctica Hort..{{cite book |last1=Petzold|last2=Kirchner|date=1864|title=Arboretum Muscaviense|pages=551|url=https://archive.org/stream/arboretummuscav01kircgoog#page/n567/mode/1up}}
• Ulmus campestris antarctica.{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/bulletinissues00ottogoog#page/n80/mode/2up/|title=Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm|year=1899|edition=2|pages=74}}
• Ulmus campestris 'Betulinoides'.{{cite book |title = Haupt-catalog der Obst- und gehölzbaumschulen des ritterguts Zöschen bei Merseburg | last = Dieck | first = Georg |author-link = Georg Dieck | location = Zöschen | issue = 1 |date = 1887}}
• Ulmus campestris var. betulaefolia.{{cite book | title = Catalogue | last = Loddiges | first = Conrad | location = Hackney | date = 1836}}{{cite book |volume=3|last=Loudon|first=John Claudius|date=1838 |title=Arboretum et fruticetum Britannicum|pages=1376|url=https://archive.org/stream/arboretumetfrut03loud#page/1376/mode/1up}}
• U. campestris var. laciniata.[http://www.botanicalcollections.be/specimen/BR0000010841105 Botanic Garden Meise, Herbarium specimen BR0000010841105]
• U. campestris var. microphylla pendula Hort. as in synonymy.{{cite book | last1=Hartwig | first1=Julius | author-link1 = August Karl Julius Hartwig | last2 = Rümpler |first2 = Theodor | author-link2 = Karl Theodor Rümpler | title=Illustrirtes Gehölzbuch | date= 1875 |pages = 580 | url=https://archive.org/stream/illustrirtesgeh00rmgoog#page/n598/mode/2up | access-date=6 July 2017}}
• Ulmus campestris var. nuda subvar. incisa Hort.Vilv..{{cite web | title=Bulletin de la Fédération des sociétés d'horticulture de Belgique | last = Wesmael |first = Alfred | author-link = Alfred Wesmael | date= 1862 | pages = 389 | hdl = 2027/hvd.32044103102810?urlappend=%3Bseq=399 | url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044103102810?urlappend=%3Bseq=399 | access-date=6 July 2017}} Considered "possibly U. viminalis" by Green (1964).
• Ulmus campestris var. stricta.{{cite book | first = Urbain | last = Audibert | author-link = Urbain Audibert | title=Catalogue des végétaux de tous genres cultivés dans les jardins et pépinières du Sieur Audibert | pages = 23 | year=1817 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9hcDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA23 | access-date=6 July 2017}}
• Ulmus campestris var. virginalis in synonymy.{{cite book |last=Lavallée|first=Alphonse|author-link=Pierre Alphonse Martin Lavallée|date=1877|title=Arboretum Segrezianum|pages=235|url=https://archive.org/stream/arboretumsegrezi00lava#page/235/mode/2up}}
• ? Ulmus campestris viminalis stricta.{{Cite journal|last=Boulger|first=George|author-link=George Edward Simmonds Boulger|date=1879|title=British elms|url=https://archive.org/stream/gardenerschronic12lond#page/298/mode/1up|journal=The Gardener's Chronicle|volume=12|pages=298}}
• Ulmus gracilis Hort..{{cite book |last1=Petzold|last2=Kirchner|date=1864|title=Arboretum Muscaviense|pages=551|url=https://archive.org/stream/arboretummuscav01kircgoog#page/n567/mode/1up}}
• Ulmus 'Masters's Twiggy'.{{cite book | last=Masters | first=W. | title=Hortus Duroverni: Or, A Tabular and Descriptive Catalogue of Perennial Flower Roots, &c. Sold by W. Masters | year=1831 | pages = 66 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SfdaAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA66 | access-date=2017-07-06}}
• Ulmus montana viminalis marmorata Hort..{{cite book|date=1903|first1=L|last1=Beissner|author-link1=Ludwig Beissner|first2=E|last2=Schelle|author-link2=Ernst Schelle|first3=H|last3=Zabel|title= Handbuch der Laubholz-Benennung|pages=85|url=https://archive.org/stream/Laubholzbenennung1903/Laubholzbenennung#page/n46/mode/1up}}
• Ulmus scabra viminalis gracilis Hort..{{cite book |title = Haupt-catalog der Obst- und gehölzbaumschulen des ritterguts Zöschen bei Merseburg | last = Dieck | first = Georg |author-link = Georg Dieck | location = Zöschen | pages = 82 |date = 1885}}
• Ulmus scabra viminalis pulverulenta Hort..{{cite book | title=Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde |last = Dippel |volume = 2 |pages = 30 |date = 1892 |url = https://archive.org/stream/handbuchderlaubh02dipp#page/30/mode/2up}}{{cite book |title = Haupt-catalog der Obst- und gehölzbaumschulen des ritterguts Zöschen bei Merseburg | last = Dieck | first = Georg |author-link = Georg Dieck | location = Zöschen | pages = 82 |date = 1885}}
• Ulmus suberosa betuloides Hort..{{cite book |last1=Petzold|last2=Kirchner|date=1864|title=Arboretum Muscaviense|pages=553|url=https://archive.org/stream/arboretummuscav01kircgoog#page/n569/mode/1up}}
• Ulmus viminalis Lodd.Krüssman, Gerd, Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees & Shrubs (1984 vol. 3)
• Ulmus viminalis pendula.{{cite journal |journal = Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society of London |title = Trees and shrubs for large towns|date = 1891 |volume = 13 |pages = 90 |last1 = Masters |first = William |author-link = William Masters (botanist) | url = https://archive.org/stream/journalofroyalho13roya#page/90/mode/2up}}

• Arnold Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 499–53

• Brighton & Hove City Council, UK. NCCPG Elm collection.{{cite web|title=List of plants in the {elm} collection|publisher=Brighton & Hove City Council|access-date=23 September 2016|url=http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/content/leisure-and-libraries/parks-and-green-spaces/list-plants-collection}} UK champion: Upper Larkrise Wood, 23 m high, 50 cm d.b.h., last surveyed in 1995.Johnson, Owen (ed.) (2003). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland. Whittet Press, {{ISBN|978-1-873580-61-5}}.
• Cambridge Botanic Garden [http://www.botanic.cam.ac.uk/], University of Cambridge, UK. No details available.

• Benalla Botanic Gardens, Australia. Three specimens; listed on the Significant Tree Register of the National Trust.{{Cite web | title = National Trust - Hybrid Elm (Ulmus viminalis) | work = trusttrees.org.au | access-date = 2017-06-19 | url = http://trusttrees.org.au/tree/VIC/Benalla/Bridge_Street }}

Not all clones named 'Viminalis' match the named cultivars above. Three specimens supplied by the Späth nursery to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1902{{cite book |date=1902|title=Accessions book|publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh|pages=45, 47|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Botanic_Garden_Edinburgh._(1902)._Accessions_book_pages_45,47.jpg}} as Ulmus campestris viminalisSpäth's erroneous clone, data.rbge.org.uk E00824785, E00824787, E00824880 were determined by Melville in 1958 as U. viminalis Lodd but "not the usual nothomorph".{{Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh |id=E00824880 }} Späth's U. campestris viminalis ("not the usual nothomorph"; RBGE tree C2706; 1958); {{Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh |id=E00824787 }} Späth's U. campestris viminalis ("not the usual nothomorph"; 1902); {{Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh |id=E00824785 }} Späth's U. campestris viminalis ("not the usual nothomorph"; 1902)Melville's 1958 annotations to the RBGE cultivated herbarium accessions book, tree C2706 One stood in the Garden itself till the late 20th century; the other two may survive in Edinburgh, as it was the practice of the Garden to distribute trees about the city. An old cultivar with leaves that appear to match herbarium specimens of Späth's U. campestris viminalis [http://data.rbge.org.uk/search/herbarium/?cfg=fulldetails.cfg&specimen_num=838695 data.rbge.org.uk, specimen E00824785] stands (2018) in the middle of North Walk, The Meadows, Edinburgh (see gallery); a second, possibly the same clone and age, in the grounds of Holyrood Palace (both trees lost their crowns in a 2016 gale and are regenerating).{{Cite web | title = Field elm in Holyrood Palace gardens | work = Google Maps | date = June 2015| access-date = 2018-07-02 | url = https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@55.9541094,-3.1739847,3a,37.5y,115.74h,111.35t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sDwdQ2oRqZUURkT4GHOIsPA!2e0!5s20150601T000000!7i13312!8i6656}} The Ulmus campestris viminalis supplied by Späth and planted in 1897 at the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada, is likely to have been this clone (not to be confused with Späth's U. × hollandica 'Viminalis').{{Cite book|last1=Saunders|first1=William|last2=Macoun|first2=William Tyrrell|url=https://archive.org/stream/bulletinissues00ottogoog#page/n80/mode/2up/|title=Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm|year=1899|edition=2|pages=74–75}}

File:Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. (1902). Accessions book pages 45,47.jpg|U. campestris viminalis from Späth, in the RBGE Accessions Book

File:Edin-Meadows 07A.jpg|Putative U. campestris viminalis (Späth), The Meadows, Edinburgh (1989)

File:AZ0122 Unknown Ulmus, North Walk, The Meadows, Edinburgh. Leaves.jpg|Leaves of putative U. campestris viminalis (Späth), The Meadows, Edinburgh (2017)

File:AZ0122 Unknown Ulmus, North Walk, The Meadows, Edinburgh. Samarae.jpg|Samarae of Edinburgh tree

File:AZ0122 Unknown Ulmus, North Walk, The Meadows, Edinburgh. Bole.jpg|Bark of Edinburgh tree

File:BH00066 Ulmus. Wilbury Road, Hove. (2).jpg|A 'Viminalis'-like elm in Hove

File:BH00066 Ulmus. Wilbury Road, Hove. (1).jpg|Pressed leaves of Hove tree

File:BH00066 Ulmus. Wilbury Road, Hove. (3).jpg|Bark of Hove tree

A number of old non-ornamental trees believed to belong to Melville's U. × viminalis group survive (2015) in a wood in Mepal, Cambridgeshire.Wilkinson, Gerald, After the Elm (London 1978)

File:Ulmus x viminalis, Mepal Cambridgeshire (1).jpg|Non-ornamental U. × viminalis, Mepal, Cambridgeshire

File:Leaf of Ulmus x viminalis, Mepal Cambridgeshire.jpg|Leaves of non-ornamental U. × viminalis, Mepal, Cambridgeshire

File:Bark of Ulmus x viminalis, Mepal Cambridgeshire.jpg|Bark of non-ornamental U. × viminalis, Mepal, Cambridgeshire

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{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars |state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ulmus minor 'Viminalis'}}

Category:Field elm cultivar

Category:Ulmus

Category:Ulmus Edinburgh Spath 1902