Ulster Museum#Girona

The Ulster Museum was founded as the Belfast Natural History Society in 1821 and began exhibiting in 1833. It has included an art gallery since 1890. Originally called the Belfast Municipal Museum and Art Gallery,{{cite web |url=http://www.rascal.ac.uk/collection/collector.asp?CollectionID=692&Title=A.R.+Hogg+Photographic+Collection&Location=Ulster+Museum&Section=Collector |title=Research and Special Collections Available Locally (NI) – RASCAL Northern Ireland ::Collection |access-date=2008-11-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061013170624/http://www.rascal.ac.uk/collection/collector.asp?CollectionID=692&Title=A%2ER%2E+Hogg+Photographic+Collection&Location=Ulster+Museum&Section=Collector |archive-date=13 October 2006 |df=dmy-all }} in 1929, it moved to its present location in Stranmillis. The new building was designed by James Cumming Wynne.

In 1962, courtesy of the Museum Act (Northern Ireland) 1961, it was renamed as the Ulster Museum and was formally recognised as a national museum. A major extension constructed by McLaughlin & Harvey Ltd to designs by Francis Pym who won the 1964 competition was opened in 1972 and Pym's only completed work. It was published in several magazines and was until alteration the most important example of Brutalism in Northern Ireland. It was praised by David Evans for the "almost barbaric power of its great cubic projections and cantilevers brooding over the conifers of the botanic gardens like a mastodon".{{cite web |last=O'Toole |first=Shane |title=Apocalypse now, if we are not careful |work=The Sunday Times|date=31 December 2006 |url=http://www.press.unibocconi.eu/dwload_doc.php?Invia=Scarica&allegato=Articolo_Times20070102114614.pdf|access-date=2007-07-08}}

Since the 1940s the Ulster Museum has built up a good collection of art by modern Irish, and particularly Ulster-based artists.

In 1998, the Ulster Museum merged with the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum and the Ulster-American Folk Park to form the National Museums and Galleries of Northern Ireland.

In July 2005, a £17m refurbishment of the museum was announced, with grants from the Heritage Lottery Fund and the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure (DCAL, usually pronounced as 'Dee-Kal').{{cite web|url=http://www.dcalni.gov.uk/index/museums.htm|title=Museums – DCAL Internet|access-date=4 June 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227101910/http://www.dcalni.gov.uk/index/museums.htm|archive-date=27 December 2008|df=dmy-all}} In October 2006 the museum closed its doors until 2009, to allow for the work.{{cite news|title=Museum doors close for renovation|publisher=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/5397298.stm|access-date=2007-07-08 | date=2 October 2006}}

Illustrations of historic interest of interiors before alterations will be found as nos 183 and 237 in Larmour, P. 1987.P.Larmour 1987 Belfast An Illustrated Architectural Guide. Friar's Bush Press. {{ISBN|0-946872-10-4}} The redevelopment drew criticism from many significant figures in the architectural community and the Twentieth Century Society, especially for changes to the Brutalist character and dismantling of the spiral sequence of rooms in the Pym extension.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}

The museum reopened in October 2009, eighty years to the day since its original opening. Within a month over 100,000 people had visited the museum.{{cite web|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/community-telegraph/south-belfast/news/museum-tops-100000-14577339.html|title=Museum tops 100,000|work=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk}}{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2009/1021/1224257149274.html|title=Ulster Museum to reopen after £17m revamp|date=21 October 2009|newspaper=The Irish Times}}

The reopening saw the introduction of Monday closure, which has received criticism from the public and in the press.{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/8327142.stm|title=BBC News – UK – Northern Ireland – Museum's never on a Monday policy|work=bbc.co.uk}} All NMNI sites are to close on Mondays. This decision is being reviewed by DCAL.

File:Malone hoard.JPG axe heads]]

The museum has galleries covering the history of Northern Ireland from the earliest times to the very recent past, collections of art, mostly modern or ethnographic, historic and contemporary fashion and textiles, and also holds exhibitions.

The scientific collections of the Ulster Museum contain important collections of Irish birds, mammals, insects, molluscs, marine invertebrates, flowering plants, algae and lichens, as well as an archive of books and manuscripts relating to Irish natural history. The museum also maintains a natural history website named Habitas.{{cite web|url=http://www.habitas.org.uk/|title=Habitas :: National Museums Northern Ireland|website=www.habitas.org.uk.|access-date=4 June 2018}} In the late 1980s and the early 1990s it had a permanent exhibition on dinosaurs which has since been scaled back considerably. There is also a collection of rocks, minerals and fossils. It is also home to Ireland’s only known dinosaur fossil bones.

The museum contains significant finds from Northern Ireland, although in earlier periods these were often sent to the British Museum or later Dublin, as with the Broighter Hoard, now in the National Museum of Ireland. Objects in the museum include the Malone Hoard of 19 polished Neolithic axe heads, the Moss-side Hoard of Mesolithic stone tools, the important Downpatrick Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery, part of the Late Roman Coleraine Hoard, the Viking Shanmullagh Hoard, and the medieval coins in the Armagh City Hoard and Armagh Castle Street Hoard.For fuller details see List of hoards in Ireland

There are other significant objects of the Bronze Age gold jewellery for which Ireland is notable, including four of the 100-odd surviving gold lunulae, and some important early Celtic art, including a decorated bronze shield found in the River Shannon, and the Bann disc, bronze with triskele decoration.

File:UlsterMuseumPrehistoryMe (9).JPG|The Moss-side Hoard of Mesolithic stone tools

File:UlsterMuseumPrehistoryBrGoldLunulae (2).JPG|Gold lunula from Ballybay

File:Ulster Museum, Belfast, April 2012 (26).JPG|The important Downpatrick Hoard of Bronze Age gold jewellery

File:UlsterMuseumPrehistoryBrRt (cropped).JPG|Bronze Age gold ribbon torcs, from near Ballyrashane, County Londonderry

File:Celtic Bronze Disc, Longban Island, Derry.jpg|Bann disc, bronze with triskele decoration

File:Decorated bronze shield 1.JPG|Decorated bronze Yetholm-type shield, found in the River Shannon at Barrybeg, County Roscommon

File:Ulster Museum (20), October 2009.JPG

File:Giant deer skeleton.JPG skeleton]]

• Joseph Whitaker early 20th century, mounted birds from Sicily.
• William Thompson mid-19th-century author of Natural History of Ireland, Mollusca, birds, algae.
• Robert Templeton (Belfast, Colombo) mid-19th-century insects from Ceylon.
• George Crawford Hyndman mollusca and Indian birds.
• William Monad Crawford early 20th-century butterflies from Burma.
• Canon William Frederick Johnson early 20th-century, Coleoptera.
• Charles Langham early 20th century, Irish insects European butterflies.
• H.M Peebles Himalayan snow butterflies (Parnassiinae)
• Robert Welch early 20th-century Mollusca.
• Herbert T Malcolmson early 20th-century James Sheals bird mounts (Ireland).
• Thomas Workman late 19th-century Lepidoptera

• Paul Wilcox (1943– ) butterflies of Malaya.
• Paul Smart (1941– ) tropical butterflies
• Raymond Haynes Irish butterflies and moths
• James P. Brock Ichneumonidae
• Shell collections, nudibranchs and sea sponges
• J.R.Stoffel types of Agrias butterflies

• Holotype of the emperor penguin collected by Captain Crozier of Banbridge
• Champion Patrick of Ifold – Irish Wolfhound[https://web.archive.org/web/20060508194931/http://www.ulstermuseum.org.uk/tours/?tv=28&pg=8 Ulster Museum]
• Dwarf elephant skeletons from Sicily.
• The Egyptian mummified body of Takabuti.
• Mummy case of Tjesmutperet.
• Slender-billed curlew
• Rothschild's, Queen Alexandra's and other birdwing butterflies.
• Giant clam – given to the Belfast Natural History Society by Francis Walker
• Lammergeier mount by James Sheals
• Gervais' beaked whale (Mesoplodon europaeus)
• Japanese spider crab
• Bonaparte's gull collected by William Thompson – the first European specimen.
• Giant squid model
• Thylacine
• Coelacanth
• Bald eagle juvenile from near Garrison, County Fermanagh on 11 January 1973. First European record.
• Passenger pigeon
• Irish elk
• Yellow-billed cuckoo (Irish specimen)
• Conus gloriamaris

File:Cavan mace 1.JPG Mace, 1724]]

File:Ulster Museum 2.JPG

File:Ulster Museum 4.jpg" northern exterior of Ulster Museum, by Francis Pym.]]

The Zoology Department also maintains collections of wildlife art. Works by

Peter Scott, Joseph Wolf, Eric Ennion, John Gerrard Keulemans, Roger Tory Peterson, Charles Tunnicliffe, Robert Gillmor and Archibald Thorburn are included. Illustrated works held by the Zoology Department include British Entomology - being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland – a classic work of entomology by John Curtis and Niccolò Gualtieri's Index Testarum Conchyliorum, quae adservantur in Museo Nicolai Gualtieri 1742.

The herbarium in the Ulster Museum (BEL),{{cite web |url=http://www.ulstermuseum.org.uk/filestore/documents/natural_history_factsheets/umherbarium.pdf |title=Ulster Museum Herbarium |access-date=2018-06-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928072550/http://www.ulstermuseum.org.uk/filestore/documents/natural_history_factsheets/umherbarium.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2007 |df=dmy-all }} is based on specimens from Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society (founded in 1821); the Belfast Naturalists' Field Club (founded in 1863); the Belfast Museum and Art Gallery (formed 1905) and the herbarium (BFT) of the Botany Department of The Queen's University, Belfast acquired in 1968. In total the number of specimens is more than 100,000. Although specimens from Northern Ireland are well represented, specimens from elsewhere in the world have been acquired by donation, exchange and purchase. All branches of the world's flora are represented: algae, lichens, fungi, mosses and pteridophytes (ferns), conifers and angiosperms. Little information about the Irish flora before 1830 is available, the oldest specimen in the Ulster Museum is an alga: Batrachospermum moniliforme (BEL: F41) collected in 1798 by John Templeton, other specimens of Batrachospermum, originally incorrectly identified as Thorea ramoissima were collected by John Templeton in 1815 from a "boghole" in County Donegal (BEL:F42 – F47). It was originally published by Harvey in 1841.Harvey, W.H. 1841.A Manual of the British Algae:... London

• S.A.Bennett (1843–1929)
• Corrie Denew Chase (1878–1965)Hackney, P.ed. 1992. Stewart & Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland, p.85. Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University of Belfast. {{ISBN|0-85389-446-9}} (vascular plants and algae) – his herbarium of about 4,000  sheets was passed to Methodist College Belfast who passed it to the Ulster Museum in 1970.{{cite web |url=http://nmni.com/documents/um/botany/umherbarium |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-02-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826072755/https://nmni.com/Documents/UM/Botany/umherbarium |archive-date=26 August 2015 |df=dmy-all }}
• John Cocs (1787–1861) (algae)
• Thomas Huge Correl (1859–1883) (vascular plans).
• A. Fenton (A.F-G.Fenton) (lichens)
• M.Foslie (algae)
• Paul Hackney (1945– ) (vascular plants and mosses)
• William Henry Harvey (1811–1866) (algae).
• George Crawford Hyndman (1796–1867) (algae).
• Frederick Hugh Woodhams Kerr (1885–1958) (vascular plants)
• Mary Patriria Happer Kertland (1901–1991) (vascular plants)
• William McCalla (c. 1814–1849) (algae).
• Osborne Morton (b. 1945) (lichens and algae)
• Robert Lloyd Praeger (1865–1953) (vascular plants)
• Arthur Wilson Stelfox (1883–1972) (vascular plants; with Myxomycete collected by his wife Margarita Dawson Stelfox, and her associate Margaret Williamson Rea{{cite journal |last1=Hackney |first1=Paul |title=Additional Notes on the Herbarium of the Ulster Museum |journal=The Irish Naturalists' Journal |date=1973 |volume=17 |issue=9 |pages=318 |jstor=25537631 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25537631 |issn=0021-1311}})
• Samuel Alexander Stewart (1826–1910) (vascular plants)
• John Templeton (1766–1825) (algae).
• William Thompson (1805–1852) (algae).
• Sylvanus Wear (1858–1920) (vascular plants and algae)
• Coslett Herbert Waddell (1858–1919) (vascular plants, bryophytes and algae).

The collection contains works by:

• Jean Dubuffet
• Morris Louis
• Anthony Caro
• Karel Appel
• Francis Bacon
• Colin Middleton
• Joseph Beuys
• Eduardo Paolozzi
• Jean-Robert Ipoustéguy
• Marjorie Bloch

The Ulster Museum's Fashion & Textiles Collection aims to reflect the history of fashionable dress from as early as the 18th century, as well as contemporary international designer and high street fashion. It comprises approximately 5000 objects including garments, accessories, historic and contemporary jewellery, and a collection of dolls and toys including pieces by Armand Marseille.

The museum's policy is to collect clothing and accessories as an Applied Art, with an emphasis on acquiring pieces that are of high design quality and/or representative of significant changes in fashion history. The collection includes eighteenth-century Spitalfields silk gowns, early 20th century Parisian couture, and contemporary international fashion . Designers represented in the collection include Chanel, Dior, Alexander McQueen, John Galliano, Vivienne Westwood and JW Anderson.

The textiles collection includes pieces by important female Irish embroiders, such as the 'Lennox Quilt' of 1712 by Martha Lennox, and a bedcover by the renowned eighteenth-century letter-writer and artist, Mrs Mary Delany. The Antrim bed furniture, a complete set worked by or under the supervision of Lady Helena McDonnell, 1705–83, daughter of the 4th Earl of Antrim was purchased in 1982. Tapestries include 'Arabesque' by Joshua Morris and the mid-20th century Adam and Eve by Louis le Brocquy. The textiles collection also includes two large linen wall hangings, Océanie – Le Ciel and Océanie – La Mer, by the French artist Henri Matisse.

The Ulster Museum's original collection of costume and textiles was almost completely destroyed in a fire following the 1976 bombing of Malone House in Belfast in November 1976, during the Troubles.

Malone House was a large house in a public country park and was the headquarters of the National Trust in Northern Ireland at the time.

By Autumn 1976 the Ulster Museum's original costume and textile collection had been moved from unsuitable storage in the museum to Malone House. The museum held the top floor of the building which had been converted into costume and textile storage areas and a textile conservation workshop.

On 11 November, gunmen gained entry to Malone House and planted two bombs, one on the ground floor and on the first floor. A five-minute warning was given, and everyone in the building was safely evacuated. Although some rooms on the ground floor were relatively unharmed, the costume and textile collection on the second floor collapsed on top of the fire and quickly perished.

The collection included a collection of linen damask that was reckoned to be the best in the world after that of the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Rijksmuseum. Both Irish and Continental linens were represented.{{Cite journal|last=McCrum|first=Elizabeth|date=1978|title=Destruction of Ulster Museum's Costume and Textile Collection|journal=Costume|volume=12|pages=105–109|doi=10.1179/cos.1978.12.1.105|via=Taylor and Francis}}

One of the earliest items of costume destroyed in the fire was a lady's jacket of around 1600 with well-preserved polychrome silk and silver thread embroidery. The original Ulster Museum costume collection had a good selection of 18th-century garments costume, most with local connections such as a Spitalfields silk robe and petticoat of c. 1745 which had on the linen lining the stamp 'Sam Holmes – County Down'. Specimens of ladies' dresses existed for almost every year from the end of the eighteenth century until the 1970s. There were gaps in the range of men's costume, the eighteenth century being one of the best represented periods. The lace collection was comprehensive but with a bias towards Irish manufacturers. Lace had been collected on a proper systematic basis for longer than any other category of costume or textiles.

Among the few objects to survive were the museum's tapestries, which were still stored in the museum building at the time of the fire (the Pilgrimage to Mecca set by Paul Saunders, a Flemish 17th century verdure tapestry, an arabesque probably by Joshua Morris and a le Brocquy), the museum's large new jewellery collection, largely donated by the jewellery collector and historian, Anne Hull-Grundy, the Lennox Quilt – a highly embroidered signed and dated quilt of 1712 by Martha Lennox, and four 1950s and 1960s cocktail and evening dresses which were also on display.

The Ulster Museum's declared aim immediately after the bombing was to try to replace the lost collection as soon as possible. Due to having to restart the collection from almost nothing, the museum was forced to re-examine its collecting policy. The main criterion became to collect fashion and textiles as an Applied Art and that it "must reflect the tastes and cultural interests and aspirations of the time it was made".{{Cite journal|last=McCrum|first=Elizabeth|date=Spring 1984|title=Costumes and Textiles in the Ulster Museum|journal=Irish Arts Review|volume=1|pages=36–38}}

Rebuilding the collection was helped by the museum's right to government compensation to indemnify its losses. This enabled the museum to purchase historic fashion and couture from auctions in Christies and Sothebys on a regular basis throughout the late 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. This enabled the Ulster Museum, almost alone in Great Britain, to be able to compete with American and continental dealers on equal terms for items which were considered particularly appropriate to the collection. Notable pieces in the collection include a cut velvet and metal thread suit worn by the 'Black Rod' of the Irish Houses of Parliament in 1751, a number of very fine women's outfits of mid 18th century Spitalfields silk.

It is the 20th-century haute couture and contemporary fashions are the most distinctive elements of the collection. Many important designers are represented, from Paul Poiret, Coco Chanel and Christian Dior to Alexander McQueen, John Galliano and Vivienne Westwood.

Since 1984 the Ulster Museum has acquired both International Designer Outfit, High Street Outfit every year. This policy has enabled the Ulster Museum to build a comprehensive overview of late 20th and 21st-century fashion. Recent acquisitions include a 'We Should All Be Feminists' t-shirt by Maria Grazia Chiuri for Dior, pieces by JW Anderson, and pieces by Raf Simons for Calvin Klein.

The Ulster Museum holds work by most important 20th century Paris designers and very many post-war English and Irish designers. High Street labels such as Wallis and Etam are also represented. Magazines and contemporary photographs are systematically kept to complement actual specimens.

{{Expand list|date=January 2011}}

• Scultura Italiana 1964
• Henri Laurens, 16 July-30 August 1971
• Fabric and Form: Irish Fashion Since the 1950s, 1996
• Fashion & Feminism June 2018 – June 2019

• Chola art.{{Cite web |url=http://www.unc.edu/courses/2005fall/art/022/001/images/252329.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=23 January 2007 |archive-date=6 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306075510/http://www.unc.edu/courses/2005fall/art/022/001/images/252329.jpg |url-status=dead }}
• Bronze statues from the Chola Dynasty.
• Samurai armour.
• Solomon Islands war canoe. (Similar boat).{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/Treasures/record.aspx?img=5&Path=3&ID=17|title=Solomon Islands canoe|work=museum.vic.gov.au|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060906195221/http://museum.vic.gov.au/treasures/record.aspx?path=3&ID=17&img=5|archive-date=6 September 2006|df=dmy-all}}

File:Cannon of Girona 1.JPG Girona]]

The museum acquired in 1971 Spanish Armada artefacts from the galleass Girona, which sank off Ireland in 1588 .

In 2013, at the 132nd Royal Ulster Academy exhibition at the Ulster Museum "The Kiss" by artist Paul Walls{{cite web|url=http://www.royalulsteracademy.org/work/11/the-kiss?modal|title=Default page title – Royal Ulster Academy|work=royalulsteracademy.org|access-date=24 October 2013|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200408/http://www.royalulsteracademy.org/work/11/the-kiss?modal|url-status=dead}} was not displayed following discussions between the museum and the academy. It was decided as the subject matter, two women kissing, was inappropriate for school visits. A petition was organised on Change.org.{{cite web|url=http://stephensliberaljournal.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/reponse-from-royal-ulster-academy.html|title=Stephen's Liberal Journal|author=Stephen Glenn|work=stephensliberaljournal.blogspot.co.uk|date=10 October 2013}}

{{stnlnk|Botanic}} is the nearest station on NI Railways. Regular trains ply between Belfast Grand Central, {{stnlnk|City Hospital}}, {{stnlnk|Botanic}} and Belfast Lanyon Place.

• Irish art
• History of phycology
• List of tourist attractions in Ireland

{{reflist|colwidth=35em}}

• Hackney, P. 1972. Notes on the vascular plant herbarium of the Ulster Museum. Irish Naturalists' Journal 17: 230 – 233.
• Hackney, P. 1980. Some early nineteenth century herbaria in Belfast. 20: 114 – 119.
• Hackney, P. 1981. British vascular plant collection of the Ulster Museum. Biology Curators' Group. 2: 2 – 3.
• Nesbitt, N. 1979. A Museum in Belfast. Ulster Museum.
• McMillan, N.F. and Morton, O. 1979. A Victorian album of algae from the north of Ireland with specimens collected by William Sawers. Irish Nataturalists' Journal. 19: 384 – 387.
• Morton, O. 1977a. A note on W.H.Harvey's algae in the Ulster Museum. Irish Naturalists' Journal 18: 26.
• Morton, O. 1977b. Sylvanus Wear's algal collection in the Ulster Museum. Irish Naturalists' Journal 19: 92 – 93.
• Morton, O. 1980. Three algal collections in the Ulster Museum herbarium. Irish Naturalists' Journal 20: 33 – 37.
• Morton, O. 1981a. Algae in Biology Curators Group Newsletter. 3: 12 – 13.
• Morton, O. 1981b American algae collected by W.H.Harvey and others, in the Ulster Museum Herbarium. Taxon 30: 867–868.
• Morton, O. 1994. Marine Algae of Northern Ireland. Ulster Museum, Belfast. {{ISBN|0-900761-28-8}}
• Praeger, R.L. 1949. Some Irish Naturalist.

• Deane, C. Douglas 1983. The Old Museum. in The Ulster Countryside. Century Books, The Universities Press (Belfast) Ltd. {{ISBN|0-903152-17-7}}
• Bourke, M. 2011. The Story of Irish Museums 1790 – 2000. Cork University Press. {{ISBN|1-85918-475-8}}
• Kertland, M.P.H. 1967. The specimens of Templeton's in the Queen's University Herbarium. Ir. Nat J. 15:318–322.
• Kertland, M.P.H. 1966. Bi-centenary of the birthday of John Templeton. Ir. Nat. J. 15: 229–323.
• McCrum, Elizabeth. 1996. Fabric and Form: Irish Fashion Since 1950.
• Weatherall, Norman (text) and Evans, David (paintings) 2002 South Belfast terrace and Villa. Cottage Publications {{ISBN|1900935287}}

{{Commons category|Ulster Museum}}

• {{Official website|https://www.nmni.com/our-museums/ulster-museum/Home.aspx|Ulster Museum – official website}}
• [http://www.habitas.org.uk/ Habitas (Ulster Museum Sciences Division)]

{{Museums and galleries in Northern Ireland}}

{{authority control}}

{{coord|54.582|-5.935|display=title|region:GB_scale:5000}}

Category:National Museums Northern Ireland

Category:Art museums and galleries in Northern Ireland

Category:Natural history museums in the United Kingdom

Category:Brutalist architecture in the United Kingdom

Category:Museums in Belfast

Category:Egyptological collections in Northern Ireland

Category:Decorative arts museums in Northern Ireland

Category:History museums in Northern Ireland

Category:Industry museums in Northern Ireland

Category:Ethnographic museums in the United Kingdom

Category:Grade B1 listed buildings

Category:Museums established in 1929

Category:1929 establishments in Northern Ireland

Category:Listed buildings in Northern Ireland