United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus
{{Short description|United Nations peacekeeping mission in Cyprus}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date = August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox United Nations
| image = {{box|type=transparent|100px}}
| image_size =
| name = United Nations
Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus
| map = UNFICYP peacekeepers patrolling the buffer zone.jpg
| map_size = 230px
| map_caption = UNFICYP peacekeepers patrolling the buffer zone.
| type = Peacekeeping force
| abbreviation = UNFICYP
| leader_title = Head
| leader_name = {{unbulleted list
| Colin Stewart (Canada), Head of Mission & Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Cyprus{{Cite web|url=https://unficyp.unmissions.org/leadership|title = Leadership|date = 13 March 2015}}
| Major General Erdenebat Batsuuri (Mongolia), Force Commander{{Cite web|url=https://press.un.org/en/2024/sga2254.doc.htm|title = Secretary-General Appoints Major General Erdenebat Batsuuri of Mongolia Force Commander, United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus|date =
2 January 2024
}}
|
}}
| status = Active
| formation = 1964
| headquarters = Blue Beret Camp, Nicosia International Airport
| website = [https://unficyp.unmissions.org/ UNFICYP Home page]
| parent_organization = Department of Peace Operations
| subsidiaries =
| footnotes =
}}
The United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) is a United Nations Peacekeeping Force that was established under United Nations Security Council Resolution 186 in 1964 to prevent a recurrence of fighting following intercommunal violence between the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, to contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law and order and to facilitate a return to normal conditions.{{cite web|url=http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/211/44/IMG/NR021144.pdf?OpenElement |title=United Nations Security Council Resolution 186(1964) |access-date=18 July 2012 |date=4 March 1964 |format=PDF |publisher=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421223946/http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/211/44/IMG/NR021144.pdf?OpenElement |archive-date=21 April 2012 }} Major General Erdenebat Batsuuri (Mongolia) is the current Force Commander of UNFICYP, appointed in 2024, and preceded by Ingrid Gjerde (Norway).
Initially, UNFICYP consisted of military and civilian contingents drawn from Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. However, over its long history the Force has been the subject of various UNSC resolutions and reorganisations, and currently comprises contingents from Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Finland, Germany, Ghana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nepal, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Paraguay, Serbia, Slovakia, Romania, Russia, and the United Kingdom.
As of 2024, the Mission has a strength over 800 military personnel and 69 police officers.{{Cite web|url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/unficyp|title = Unficyp}} The mandate for UNFICYP was last renewed on 31 January 2025 and extended until 31 January 2026.{{Cite web |title=Resolution 2771 (2025) |url=https://press.un.org/en/2025/sc15987.doc.htm}}
History
{{Cyprus peace process}}
United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) is a United Nations peacekeeping force that was established under United Nations Security Council Resolution 186 in 1964 to prevent a recurrence of fighting following intercommunal violence between the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, to contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law and order and to facilitate a return to normal conditions.
Following the 1974 Greek Cypriot coup d'état and the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) extended and expanded the mission to prevent the dispute turning into war, and UNFICYP was redeployed to patrol the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus, and assist in the maintenance of the military status quo. Since its establishment, the force has also worked in concert with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and representatives of the two communities to seek an amicable diplomatic solution to the Cyprus dispute.
On 5 December 2006, the United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan recommended a further six-month extension in the mandate of the UN mission that has been deployed on the island for over four decades. Mr. Annan said that while the situation remained "calm and stable with no major violations of the ceasefire lines," he regretted the continued stalemate in the political process and the "missed opportunities" over the past 10 years. {{citation needed|date=July 2012}}
{{out of date|date=October 2023}}
=Fatalities=
Up to and including 26 March 2025, UNFICYP has suffered 184 fatalities, with 145 of these being due to an accident or illness.{{Cite web |title=Fatalities |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/fatalities |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=United Nations Peacekeeping |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=UNFICYP |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/unficyp |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=United Nations Peacekeeping |language=en}}
Deployment
UNFICYP is headquartered from the Blue Beret Camp next to the abandoned airport of Nicosia. The current force commander is Major General Erdenebat Batsuuri of Mongolia, (UNFICYP) Force Commander of United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus.{{Cite web|url=https://daily-cyprus.com/2020/04/10/first-case-of-coronavirus-in-unficyp-personnel/|title=First Case of CoronaVirus in UNFICYP|website=Daily Cyprus|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-date=19 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819141109/https://daily-cyprus.com/2020/04/10/first-case-of-coronavirus-in-unficyp-personnel/|url-status=dead}}
=Prior to 1974=
Upon UNFICYP's arrival on the island, the national contingents were each assigned a sector, which mostly coincided with the boundaries of the civil districts:{{cite book|title=A Business of Some Heat: The United Nations Force in Cyprus 1972–74|first=Francis|last=Henn|year=2004|publisher=Pen & Sword Military|isbn=978-1844150816}}
- Paphos District – Austrian contingent
- Lefka District (consisting of the Western part of Nicosia District) – Danish contingent
- Limassol Zone (consisting of Limassol District New Zealand contingent and the Western half of Larnaka District) – British contingent
- Nicosia District – Canadian contingent
- Larnaca Sector (consisting of the Eastern half of Larnaka District) – Irish contingent
- Kyrenia District – Finnish contingent
- Famagusta District – Swedish contingent
When, in October 1973, the Irish contingent was withdrawn from Cyprus in support of the United Nations Emergency Force during the Yom Kippur War, the Austrian contingent was relocated from Paphos District (which was subsequently absorbed by the British contingent) to Larnaca District to replace them, with the Western half, which had previously been patrolled by the British contingent, absorbed into the Austrian sector.
Canada in UNFICYP – From 15 March 1964 to 15 June 1993, Canada maintained a battalion-sized contingent of peace-support troops in UNFICYP. During this period, the Canadian contingent went through 59 rotations and some 25,000 CAF personnel completed six-month tours on the island. With Denmark, Ireland and Finland, Canada was one of the four original contributors of troops to UNFICYP, committed by the government of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson on 12 March 1964. The lead elements of the initial rotation of the Canadian contingent arrived on 15 March 1964, followed by a brigade headquarters, the 1st Battalion, Royal 22e Régiment, and a Reconnaissance Squadron from The Royal Canadian Dragoons mounted in Ferret scout cars that were transported to Cyprus by {{HMCS |Bonaventure}}. By 1993, when Canada withdrew its combat arms contingent from UNFICYP, every infantry battalion of the Regular Force had deployed to Cyprus at least once, and Regular Force artillery and armoured regiments had reorganized for infantry duties to take their turns. The current contribution are small numbers of staff officers on one-year rotations. The operation name “Snowgoose” dates from July 1974, when the Canadian contingent in UNFICYP — originally made up of 1 Commando, Canadian Airborne Regiment, and the Airborne Field Squadron (the combat engineer element of the Canadian Airborne Regiment) — was rapidly augmented by 2 Commando and 3 Commando in response to the Turkish invasion of Cyprus that began on 20 July 1974.{{cite web|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/operations-abroad-current/op-snowgoose.page |title=SNOWGOOSE | Operations Abroad | National Defence | Canadian Armed Forces |publisher=Forces.gc.ca |date= 20 February 2013|access-date=29 March 2017}}
=Since 1993=
File:UNFICYP_Deployment_2015.jpg
File:Ingreso Campo Skouriotissa.jpg Contingent's San Martin Camp]]
As of 31 May 2012, the total strength (military personnel and civilian police) of UNFICYP was 926 individuals. The 858 military personnel were from Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Hungary, Paraguay, Peru, Serbia,{{cite web|url=http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Drustvo/213087/Srpski-mirovnjaci-otputovali-na-Kipar|publisher=Blic Online|title=Srpski mirovnjaci otputovali na Kipar|date=21 October 2010|access-date=4 July 2012|language=sr}} Slovakia and the United Kingdom.
On 31 October 2019, Ghana began contributing to the peacekeeping forces in Cyprus.{{cite web|url=https://unficyp.unmissions.org/ghana-joins-ranks-troop-contributing-countries-unficyp|publisher=United Nations|title=Ghana joins ranks of Troop Contributing Countries to UNFICYP|date=31 October 2019|access-date=2 November 2019}}
UNFICYP's military personnel are mostly divided up into national contingents, with each major contingent being responsible for one of the buffer zone's three remaining sectors. The Argentine contingent includes soldiers from the Argentine military forces, including the Argentine Army and the Argentine Marines, as well as from Brazil, Paraguay and Chile; whereas the Slovak contingent includes soldiers from Croatia.
- Sector 1 starts at Kokkina exclave and covers approximately 90 kilometres to Mammari, west of Nicosia. It has been the responsibility of the Argentinian Contingent since October 1993. Sector One Headquarters and Command Company are located in San Martin Camp, which is near Skouriotissa village. Support Company finds its home at Roca Camp, near Xeros in the north. The two line companies composed of 212 troops are deployed along four permanently manned patrol bases while also conducting mobile patrols from the San Martin and Roca camps.{{cite web|url=http://www.unficyp.org/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=1365&tt=graphic&lang=l1|title=Sector One|date=30 April 2008|publisher=UNFICYP|access-date=4 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217041641/http://www.unficyp.org/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=1365&tt=graphic&lang=l1|archive-date=17 February 2012}}
- Sector 2 starts at Mammari, west of Nicosia and covers 30 kilometres to Kaimakli, east of Nicosia. Since 1993, has been the responsibility of the 183-strong British contingent, which deploys using the name Operation TOSCA.{{cite web|url=http://www.unficyp.org/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=1366&tt=graphic&lang=l1|title=Sector Two|date=30 April 2008|publisher=UNFICYP|access-date=4 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217041657/http://www.unficyp.org/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=1366&tt=graphic&lang=l1|archive-date=17 February 2012}}
- Sector 4 (the actual 3rd Sector, but because of UNFICYP history still named Sector 4) starts at Kaimakli, east of Nicosia and covers 65 Kilometres to the village of Dhernia, on the east coast of Cyprus. Since 1993, it has been the responsibility of the Slovakian and Hungarian contingent with 202 Soldiers.{{cite web|url=http://www.unficyp.org/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=1367&tt=graphic&lang=l1|title=Sector Four|date=30 April 2008|publisher=UNFICYP|access-date=4 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217041708/http://www.unficyp.org/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=1367&tt=graphic&lang=l1|archive-date=17 February 2012}}
In addition to the main sector contingents, there are several other military units under UNFICYP command, including:
- Military Observer Liaison Officers – involved at all levels across the Force in daily negotiations and liaison functions with both opposing forces (OPFOR).
- Force Military Police Unit (FMPU) – one of only two remaining multi-national sub units within UNFICYP, the other being the Mobile Force Reserve. The FMPU is commanded by a major of the UK Royal Military Police (RMP), with 7 other members of the RMP as part of the 25 strong unit. Other contributing nationalities are Argentina (6), Hungary (5) and Slovakia (6).{{cite web|url=http://www.unficyp.org/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=1368&tt=graphic&lang=l1|title=Other Key Units|date=30 April 2008|publisher=UNFICYP|access-date=4 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217041717/http://www.unficyp.org/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=1368&tt=graphic&lang=l1|archive-date=17 February 2012}}
- Mobile Force Reserve (MFR) – high readiness reserve able to react to any incident anywhere on the island. Formed from the Permanent Force Reserve in 1997, the unit is composed of Argentinean, British, Hungarian and Slovakian peacekeepers, a mix of customs and cultures, where the four different nationalities work together. From 1997 until their departure in 2001 a select contingent of each rotation of Austrian soldiers was part of the MFR. The unit is equipped with Alvis Tactica APCs, which are armed with general-purpose machine guns. The MFR is trained in public order and major incident reaction techniques. In addition, the MFR is also trained for air mobile operations using Bell 212 helicopters to rapidly insert into trouble areas.
- The UN Flight (ARGAIR) – the flight is equipped with three helicopters and, since 1994, has been staffed by 28 airmen from the Argentine Air Force.{{cite web|url=http://www.fuerzaaerea.mil.ar/misiones/chipre.html|title=United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus|access-date=4 July 2012|date=8 August 2008|language=es|publisher=Argentine Air Force|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407065850/http://www.fuerzaaerea.mil.ar/misiones/chipre.html|archive-date=7 April 2012}} They use Hughes 500 and Bell 212 helicopters and, by 2003, had logged a total of 10,000 flight hours without accident.{{cite web|url=http://www.helis.com/database/go/ar_7th_air_brigade.php|title=VII Brigada Aerea|publisher=Helis.com}} During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict the Lebanese Prime Minister Fuad Siniora was brought in and out of Lebanon by one of their helicopters.{{cite web|url=http://www.unficyp.org/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=2125&tt=graphic&lang=l1|title=Photo Release: Lebanese Prime Minister Fuad Siniora at Larnaca airport before being flown by UN helicopter to Beirut|date=27 July 2006|publisher=UNFICYP|access-date=13 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721065626/http://www.unficyp.org/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=2125&tt=graphic&lang=l1|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=dead}}
- Force Engineers – engineering support to UNFICYP is provided by the Integrated Support Services (ISS) and consists of the Chief Engineer (CE), the Force Engineer (FE), the Force Engineer HQ Unit, Support Services Workshop Units, (SSWU) Sector Engineers and Engineering Elements from each contingent.
There are 69 civilian police officers supplied by Brazil, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Jordan, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Germany, Montenegro, the Netherlands. In addition, UNFICYP has 147 civilian staff members, 39 of whom were internationally recruited and 108 locally recruited.
UNFICYP military strength as of April 2024:{{cite web | url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/unficyp | title=Unficyp }}
class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" | Country ! colspan="2" | Membership ! rowspan="2" | Strength |
style="width:55px;" | NATO
! style="width:55px;" | EU |
---|
{{flag|Argentina}}
| {{No}} | {{No}} | style="text-align:right" | 261 |
{{flag|Austria}}
| {{No}} | {{Yes}} | style="text-align:right" | 3 |
{{flag|Brazil}}
| {{No}} | {{No}} | style="text-align:right" | 2 |
{{flag|Canada}}
| {{Yes}} | {{No}} | style="text-align:right" | 2 |
{{flag|Chile}}
| {{No}} | {{No}} | style="text-align:right" | 6 |
{{flag|Ghana}}
| {{No}} | {{No}} | style="text-align:right" | 1 |
{{flag|Hungary}}
| {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | style="text-align:right" | 11 |
{{flag|India}}
| {{No}} | {{No}} | style="text-align:right" | 1 |
{{flag|Mongolia}}
| {{No}} | {{No}} | style="text-align:right" | 3 |
{{flag|Pakistan}}
| {{No}} | {{No}} | style="text-align:right" | 3 |
{{flag|Russia}}
| {{No}} | {{No}} | style="text-align:right" | 4 |
{{flag|Serbia}}
| {{No}} | {{No}} | style="text-align:right" | 8 |
{{flag|Slovakia}}
| {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | style="text-align:right" | 239 |
{{flag|United Kingdom}}
| {{Yes}} | {{No}} | style="text-align:right" | 257 |
14
! 4 ! 3 ! style="text-align:right" | 801 |
Buffer Zone
{{Main|United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus}}
{{more citations needed section|date=July 2012}}
File:Cyprus districts named.png
File:Green Line near Paphos Gate.JPG's Paphos Gate]]
File:Lefkosia-green-line-b.jpg
File:Close to the buffer zone - panoramio.jpg
File:Former UN tower, North Nicosia, Cyprus.jpg
The United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus is a demilitarised zone, patrolled by UNFICYP, that was established in 1974 following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, and de facto partitions the island into the area controlled by the Government of Cyprus (which is the de jure government for the entire island save for the British Sovereign Base Areas) in the south and that under the illegal Turkish occupation in the north. The zone runs for more than {{convert|180.5|km|mi}} along what is colloquially known as the Green Line and has an area of {{convert|346|km2|sqmi}}.{{cite web|title=United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus|url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unficyp/}}
The zone stretches for 180 km from the western part of near Kato Pyrgos to the east just south of Famagusta. It cuts through the center of the old town of Nicosia, separating the city into southern and northern sections. There is also a buffer zone around the Kokkina exclave in western Cyprus. The width of the zone ranges from {{convert|3.3|m|ft}} in central Nicosia, to {{convert|7.4|km|mi}} at the village of Athienou. There is no buffer zone along the common border between the eastern British Sovereign Base Area and the area under the Republic of Cyprus control or Turkish Army control.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}
The buffer zone is home to some 10,000 people and there are several villages and farms located within. The village of Pyla is famous for being the only village in Cyprus where Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots live side by side. Other villages are Dhenia, Mammari, Athienou and Troulli while Lymbia lies partially within the zone.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}
Turkish forces built a barrier on the zone's northern side, consisting mainly of barbed-wire fencing, concrete wall segments, watchtowers, anti-tank ditches, and minefields. This line is also referred to as the Attila Line on some maps, named after the Turkish code-name for the 1974 military invasion: Operation Atilla. The closed off zone has become a haven for Cyprus' wildlife, an example of an involuntary park.{{cite journal|title=Participatory Approaches to Environmental Conflict Resolution in Cyprus|journal=Conflict Resolution Quarterly|volume=29|issue=3|pages=261–281|doi=10.1002/crq.21040|year = 2012|last1 = Stephane Jarraud|first1 = Nicolas|last2=Lordos|first2=Alexandros}}
Finances
The annual cost for maintaining UNFICYP is estimated at $57,390,000. This includes the voluntary contribution by the Government of Cyprus of one third of the cost of the force and the annual amount of $6,500,000 contributed by the Government of Greece. Turkey does not directly contribute to the force's budget.{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unficyp/facts.shtml|title=UNFICYP Facts and Figures|date=31 May 2012|publisher=United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus|access-date=4 July 2012}} The operational cost of UNFICYP just during the period from 16 June 1993 to 31 October 2010 was US$2.91 billion.{{cite web|url=http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N10/653/52/PDF/N1065352.pdf?OpenElement|format=PDF|title=Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations operation in Cyprus S/2010/605|date=26 November 2010|access-date=4 July 2012|publisher=United Nations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203085514/http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N10/653/52/PDF/N1065352.pdf?OpenElement|archive-date=3 February 2014|url-status=dead}}
Controversies
=Neutrality of UNFICYP=
UNFICYP's neutrality mandate dictates the erasure of signs, flags, and emblems in spaces under its authority.Marie Louise Stig Sørensen and Dacia Viejo-Rose, 2015, War and Cultural Heritage, Cambridge University Press. p.202. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/war-and-cultural-heritage/AE5A7FAC312831F019EC51B90AE6838C
The fact that a third of UNFICYP's budget is covered by one party to the conflict (RoC; i.e., the Greek Cypriots) and one Guarantor (Greece) calls into question the UN's neutrality and constitutes “a conflict of interest"Alexandra Novosselof, 2021, "Assessing the Effectiveness of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) and the Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Cyprus (OSASG)", Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. https://effectivepeaceops.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/EPON-Cyprus-Report.pdf One interlocutor acknowledged that the way the budget of UNFICYP is organized "opens [UNFICYP] to criticism."Novosselof, 2021, "Assessing the Effectiveness of the ...UNFICYP..., Interview, UN staff, e-meeting, New York, 15.01.2021. https://effectivepeaceops.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/EPON-Cyprus-Report.pdf page 150 One added: "How can we be impartial if we take part of the budget from one side?"Novosselof, 2021, "Assessing the Effectiveness of the ...UNFICYP..., Interview, former UN staff, e-meeting, 3 February 2021. https://effectivepeaceops.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/EPON-Cyprus-Report.pdf page 150
In January 2022, around a handball match between Cyprus and Turkey in the qualification for the 2024 European Championship, the decision of the Greek Cypriots not to allow a Turkish player who had tested positive with Covid-19 to be brought to Northern Cyprus with all the safety measures taken was criticized by the de facto TRNC Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The ministry also criticized the UNFICYP for not playing a "facilitating role" to in the Turkish team's request, claiming "UNFICYP has moved away from the principle of neutrality, which is one of the most fundamental elements of peace operations, and has become a symbol of the status quo that serves the interests of the Greek Cypriot side."Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Statement of the TRNC Ministry of Foreign Affairs. https://mfa.gov.ct.tr/statement-of-the-trnc-ministry-of-foreign-affairs The player was eventually flown to Turkey instead.{{cite web |url=https://cyprusscene.com/2022/01/28/turkish-handball-player-air-lifted-from-cyprus-by-turkey/ |title=Turkish handball player air lifted from Cyprus by Turkey |date=28 January 2022 |access-date=25 October 2022}}
Soydemir noted that "not the organization but the individuals can be affected by this approach and their neutrality might be hampered naturally."Novosselof, 2021, "Assessing the Effectiveness of the ...UNFICYP..., Abdullah Soydemir, "The Role and Effectiveness of UN Peacekeeping Mission in the Cyprus Island", Girne American University, 30 April 2018. https://effectivepeaceops.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/EPON-Cyprus-Report.pdf page 150
=Removal of UNFICYP from Northern Cyprus=
In July 2018, the Turkish Cypriot president, Mustafa Akinci, called for a separate State of Force Agreement (SOFA) between Northern Cyprus and UNFICYP, and sent a letter to the UN Security Council for the reassessment of the UNFICYP's mandate and stated that UNFICYP continues to cooperate with the authorities of Northern Cyprus absent a legal basis and specified that Northern Cyprus stood ready to prepare a document with the UN dealing with all aspects of their relations.{{cite web |url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2023/09/29/turkey-calls-for-written-agreement-between-north-and-unficyp |title=Turkey calls for written agreement between north and UNFICYP|author=Elias Hazou|date=29 September 2023 |website=cyprus-mail.com |publisher= |access-date=29 September 2023|quote=}}
In October 2022, UNFICYP was given an ultimatum by Northern Cyprus (the de facto administration in the north) demanding it recognize the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus or to leave the 2 bases it currently has in the north.{{cite web |url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2022/10/05/north-hands-unficyp-a-one-month-deadline/ |title=North hands Unficyp a one-month deadline |author=Nikolaos Prakas |date=5 October 2022 |website=cyprus-mail.com |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}{{cite web |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/turkish-cyprus-gives-un-peacekeepers-ultimatum-to-seek-approval/news |title=Turkish Cyprus gives UN peacekeepers ultimatum to seek approval |author= |date=6 October 2022 |website=dailysabah.com |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20221005-turkish-cypriots-give-un-peacekeepers-ultimatum-report |title=Turkish Cypriots give UN peacekeepers ultimatum: report |author= |date=5 October 2022 |website=france24.com |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}} Ersin Tatar, the president of Northern Cyprus, stated that in line with the Brahimi Report of the UN,{{cite web |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/a_55_305_e_brahimi_report.pdf |title=(A/55/305 S/2000/809) Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations |author=Lakhdar Brahimi |date=17 August 2000 |website=The UN |publisher= |access-date=13 October 2022 |quote="The Panel concurs that consent of the local parties, impartiality and the use of force only in self-defence should remain the bedrock principles of peacekeeping (Executive Summary, page ix)}} the consent of Northern Cyprus for the stationing of UNFICYP is a must.{{cite web |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/kktc-cumhurbaskani-tatar-sundugumuz-is-birligi-onerilerine-karsilik-henuz-kibris-rum-tarafindan-bir-cevap-alamadik/2653154 |title=TRNC President Tatar: We have not yet received a response from the Greek Cypriot side in response to our cooperation proposals. |author=Muhammet İkbal Arslan |date=4 August 2022 |website=Anadolu Ajansi |publisher= |access-date=13 October 2022 |quote="In the advisory Brahimi Report, which was prepared by the UN in 2000, there is a statement that 'If the UN is going to deploy a UN Peacekeeping Force in areas of conflict, it must absolutely obtain the approval of the parties'. Now the page has changed in Cyprus, a new policy has been developed on the basis of a solution based on the two existing states and their sovereign equality and equal international status. As the Turkish side, we remind the UN of the Brahimi Report. In the report presented to the UN Secretary General by the Peacekeeping Operations Panel formed by the UN in 2000, it is underlined that obtaining the consent of local parties and maintaining impartiality are the basic principles for UN peacekeeping operations. Look at the Brahimi Report and see the facts in Cyprus and make a new assessment. One cannot get anywhere by ignoring the acquired sovereign equality of the Turkish Cypriot People. We expect the UN to observe the requirements of our acquired and vested equality."}} Tahsin Ertuğruloğlu, the foreign minister of Northern Cyprus, stated that
the deadline for the ultimatum for requesting the approval of Northern Cyprus for the operations of UNFICYP in Northern Cyprus is the end of October 2022.{{cite web |url=https://www.kibrispostasi.com/c137-GOZDEN_KACMAYANLAR/n442777-ertugruloglundan-bm-icin-yeni-mesajlar |title=New messages of Ertugruloglu to the UN |author=|date=|website=Kibrispostasi |publisher= |access-date=16 October 2022 |quote=)}}
On 28 September 2023, Turkey called for a written agreement between Northern Cyprus and UNFICYP regarding relations between the two. Turkey said "An agreement is necessary to delimit the functions of UNFICYP vis a vis its interactions with Northern Cyprus. The attitude and practice of double standards by UNFICYP regarding the sovereignty of the TRNC and regarding the most fundamental humanitarian needs of Turkish Cypriots, are incompatible with UNFICYP’s obligation to remain neutral and they damage its prestige. In this context, it was noted that once again the need has arisen for the activities of the peacekeeping forces in the TRNC to be placed on a legal basis through a written agreement with the authorities of the TRNC. Turkey will continue to guarantee security and peace for Turkish Cypriots in the context of Turkey’s rights emanating from international law and treaties."{{cite web |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/mgk-bildirisi-guney-kafkasyada-kalici-barisa-giden-yol-azerbaycanin-toprak-butunluguyle-acilabilir/3003338 |title=MGK statement: The path to permanent peace in the South Caucasus can be opened with the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan|author=Yildiz Nevin Gundogmus|date=29 September 2023 |website=aa.com.tr|publisher=Anadolu Agency|access-date=29 September 2023|quote=}}
See also
References
{{Reflist|2}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- {{Official website|https://unficyp.unmissions.org/}}
- Records of [https://search.archives.un.org/united-nations-peacekeeping-force-in-cyprus-unficyp-22 the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)] at the United Nations Archives
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{{UN Peacekeeping Operations}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:United Nations Peacekeeping Force In Cyprus}}
Category:United Nations operations in Cyprus
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