United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor

{{Short description|Administrative and peacekeeping mission (1999–2002)}}

{{about|United Nations mission|the history of East Timor during United Nations administration|United Nations Administered East Timor}}

{{Infobox United Nations

| image = UNTAET logo.png

| image_size = 120px

| name = United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor

| type = Special political mission

| abbreviation = UNTAET

| leader_title = Head

| leader_name = Ian Martin (1999)
Sérgio Vieira de Mello (1999-2002)

| status = Completed on 20 May 2002

| formation = 25 October 1999

| headquarters = Dili, East Timor

| parent_organization = United Nations Security Council

| subsidiaries =

| website = {{Official URL}}

| footnotes =

}}

The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET, {{langx|pt|Administração Transitória das Nações Unidas em Timor Leste}}), was a United Nations mission in East Timor that aimed to solve the decades-long East Timorese crisis in the area occupied by Indonesian military. UNTAET provided an interim civil administration and a peacekeeping mission in the territory of East Timor, from its establishment on 25 October 1999,{{UN document |docid=S-RES-1272(1999) |type=Resolution |body=Security Council |year=1999 |resolution_number=1272 |accessdate=12 April 2008}} until its independence on 20 May 2002, following the outcome of the East Timor Special Autonomy Referendum. The transitional administration was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1272 in 1999.

A rarity for United Nations peacekeeping missions, UNTAET involved the United Nations directly administering the territory of East Timor. The mission's responsibilities included providing a peacekeeping force to maintain security and order; facilitating and co-ordinating relief assistance to the East Timorese; facilitating emergency rehabilitation of physical infrastructure; administering East Timor and creating structures for sustainable governance and the rule of law; and assisting in the drafting of a new constitution and conducting elections.

UNTAET was established on 25 October 1999, the mission was led by Sérgio Vieira de Mello of Brazil (Special Representative of the Secretary-General for East Timor). The International Force East Timor

(INTERFET) transitioned to the UNTAET Peacekeeping Force (PKF) in February 2000 and was commanded by Filipino military officer Lieutenant General Jaime de los Santos (Force Commander UNTAET).{{cite press release |title=US Dollar New Official Currency of East Timor, Central Payments Office Established |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/etimor/DB/br2401.htm |website=United Nations Peacekeeping |publisher=United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor |access-date=22 April 2022 |date=24 January 2000}}{{Cite news |date=14 February 2000 |title=UN Soldiers Now Safeguard East Timor |volume=1 |page=1 |work=Tais Timor |publisher=UNTAET Office of Communication and Public Information |issue=1 |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/past/etimor/untaetPU/newsletter1.pdf |oclc=49547887}} UNTAET was abolished on 20 May 2002, with most functions passed to the East Timor government. The military and police forces were transferred to the newly created United Nations Mission of Support to East Timor (UNMISET).

Image:Gate Pa Veh.jpg armoured personnel carriers of UNTAET at the Gate Pa base in the southern Suai area, 2002]]

File:UN-Polizei in Dili.jpg]]

UNTAET was wound up upon East Timorese independence but a United Nations presence in East Timor would continue through a newly established United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET).

Contributing nations

A coalition of nations sent troops to support the peace keeping mission. The forces were led by Australia, which provided the largest contingent and the out of theatre base for operations, supported by Portugal who sent the second largest contingent {{Cite book |last=Braz |first=Carlos Morgado |chapter-url=https://digitalis-dsp.uc.pt/bitstream/10316.2/36622/1/A%20participa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20militar%20portuguesa%20em%20Timor-Leste.pdf |title=Consolidação da paz e a sua sustentabilidade: as missões da ONU em Timor-Leste e a contribuição de Portugal |publisher=Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra |isbn=978-989-26-0890-7 |editor-last=Freire |editor-first=Maria Raquel |location=Coimbra |pages=155–180 |language=pt |chapter=A participação militar portuguesa em Timor-Leste e o impacto nas dinâmicas informais da reconstrução da paz |doi=10.14195/978-989-26-0890-7_6 |hdl=10316.2/36622 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}} securing the key central areas of the country,{{Cite web |last=UNTAET |date=28 February 2002 |title=UNTAET Fact Sheet 18: Peacekeeping Force |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/untaet-fact-sheet-18-peacekeeping-force |access-date=25 May 2022 |website=ReliefWeb}} followed by New Zealand, who took responsibility for the southern West sector with supporting troops from Ireland, Fiji, Nepal, and Singapore. France also sent special forces who joined the ANZACs on the first day, as well as contingents from Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Italy, Kenya, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, the Philippines, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. While the United States supported the transition authority, it did so mainly by underwriting contracts to replace destroyed infrastructure and thus avoided a direct military involvement, allowing the ANZAC led force to take the lead. The United States did, however, deploy a contingent of American police officers to serve with the International Police.

Head of Mission

Ian Martin and Sérgio Vieira de Mello served as Special Representative of the Secretary-General for East Timor during UNTAET's period of operation.

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
rowspan="2" \|{{Abbr\|No.\|Number}} ! rowspan="2" \|Portrait ! rowspan="2" width="180" \|Name {{small\|(Birth–Death)}} ! rowspan="2" \|Election ! colspan="3" \|Term of office
Took office !Left office !Time in office

80px \| Ian Martin (acting) \| n/a \| 25 October 1999 \| 19 November 1999 \| {{ayd\|1999\|10\|25\|1999\|11\|19}}
\|1 \| 80px \| Sérgio Vieira de Mello {{small\|(1948–2003)}} \| n/a \| 19 November 1999 \| 20 May 2002 \| {{ayd\|1999\|11\|19\|2002\|5\|20}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}

! rowspan="2" |Portrait

! rowspan="2" width="180" |Name
{{small|(Birth–Death)}}

! rowspan="2" |Election

! colspan="3" |Term of office

Took office

!Left office

!Time in office

80px

| Ian Martin
(acting)

| n/a

| 25 October 1999

| 19 November 1999

| {{ayd|1999|10|25|1999|11|19}}

|1

| 80px

| Sérgio Vieira de Mello
{{small|(1948–2003)}}

| n/a

| 19 November 1999

| 20 May 2002

| {{ayd|1999|11|19|2002|5|20}}

References

External links

[https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/past/etimor/etimor.htm Archived official website]
[https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/past/etimor/Untaetchrono.html The United Nations and East Timor – A Chronology]
[https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/past/etimor/UntaetB.htm UNTAET Mission Summary]
[https://archive.today/20091023013318/http://www.geocities.com/benjamin.morgan/index.htm A Brief History of Australian Army Operations in East Timor, 1999–2005]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20010803092021/http://www.gov.east-timor.org/english.html Archived web-site of first Transitional Administration]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20020123122805/http://www.gov.east-timor.org/ Archived web-site of second Transitional Administration]