United States Forces Japan#List of facilities

File:JGSDF soldiers at Camp Kinser 11-28-07.jpg]]

File:US Navy 110315-N-IC111-125 Chief Naval Air Crewman Steven Sinclair hands bottled water to a Japanese citizen.jpg following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.]]

After the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II in Asia, the United States Armed Forces assumed administrative authority in Japan.{{Cn|date=March 2025}} The Imperial Japanese Army and Navy were decommissioned, and the U.S. Armed Forces took control of Japanese military bases until a new government could be formed and positioned to reestablish authority.{{Cn|date=March 2025}} Allied forces planned to demilitarize Japan, and the new government adopted the Constitution of Japan with a no-armed-force clause in 1947.{{Cn|date=March 2025}}

After the Korean War began in 1950, Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in Japan, in agreement with the Japanese government, established the paramilitary "National Police Reserve", which was later developed into the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force.{{Cn|date=March 2025}} It means the de facto remilitarization of postwar Japan.{{Cn|date=March 2025}}

In 1951, the Treaty of San Francisco was signed by the Allies and Japan, which restored its formal sovereignty. At the same time, the U.S. and Japan signed the Japan-America Security Alliance.{{Cn|date=March 2025}} By this treaty, USFJ is responsible for the defense of Japan. As part of this agreement, the Japanese government requested that the U.S. military bases remain in Japan and agreed to provide funds and various interests specified in the Status of Forces Agreement.{{Cn|date=March 2025}} At the expiration of the treaty, the United States and Japan signed the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan.{{Cn|date=March 2025}} The status of the United States Forces Japan was defined in the U.S.–Japan Status of Forces Agreement. This treaty is still in effect, and it forms the basis of Japan's foreign policy.{{Cn|date=March 2025}}

During the Vietnam War, U.S. military bases in Japan, especially those in the Okinawa Prefecture, were used as important strategic and logistic bases. In 1970, the Koza riot occurred against the U.S. military presence on Okinawa. Strategic bombers were deployed to the bases on Okinawa. Before the 1972 reversion of the island to Japanese administration, it has been speculated but never confirmed that up to 1,200 nuclear weapons may have been stored at Kadena Air Base during the 1960s.[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155511/http://www.okinawatimes.co.jp/edi/19990516.html 疑惑が晴れるのはいつか], Okinawa Times, 16 May 1999

The Japanese government paid ¥217 billion (US$2.0 billion) in 2007[http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/politics/news/20071212it16.htm 思いやり予算8億円減で日米合意、光熱水料を3年間で], Yomiuri Shinbun, 12 December 2007 as annual host-nation support called {{Nihongo|Omoiyari Yosan|思いやり予算|extra=sympathy budget or compassion budget}}.[http://tokyo.usembassy.gov/e/p/tp-20060123-71.html PRESS RELEASE U.S. and Japan Sign Alliance Support Agreement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127210912/http://tokyo.usembassy.gov/e/p/tp-20060123-71.html |date=27 January 2011 }}, The embassy of the United States in Japan As of the 2011 budget, such payment was no longer to be referred to as omoiyari yosan or "sympathy budget".{{Cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2011/01/22/national/host-nation-deal-inked-not-sympathy-budget/|title=Host-nation deal inked, not 'sympathy budget'|first=Masami|last=Ito|date=22 January 2011|website=The Japan Times}} Japan compensates 75% ($4.4 billion) of U.S. basing costs.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobepost.com/2017/12/25/allies-ripping-off-america/|title=Defending Allies: Here is how much US Gains from Policing World|last=Zeynalov|first=Mahir|date=2017-12-25|work=The Globe Post|access-date=2018-05-10|language=en-US}}

Immediately after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, 9,720 dependents of United States military and government civilian employees in Japan evacuated the country, mainly to the United States.Tritten, Travis J., "[http://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/earthquake-disaster-in-japan/evacuation-from-japan-a-vacation-not-so-much-1.145198 Evacuation from Japan a vacation? Not so much]", Stars and Stripes, 31 May 2011.

The relocation of the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to Henoko Bay was resolved in December 2013 with the signing of a landfill agreement by the governor of Okinawa. Under the terms of the U.S.-Japan agreement, 5,000 U.S. Marines were relocated to Guam, and 4,000 Marines were sent to other Pacific locations such as Hawaii or Australia, while around 10,000 Marines were to remain on Okinawa.{{cite news|last1=Kovach|first1=Bob|last2=J. Carter|first2=Chelsea|title=U.S.-Japan deal withdraws 9,000 Marines from Okinawa|url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/04/27/world/asia/japan-us-okinawa/index.html|access-date=27 April 2012|newspaper=CNN|date=27 April 2012}}{{cite web|title=US agrees to Okinawa troop redeployment|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2012/04/201242733733409278.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=27 April 2012|date=27 April 2012}}{{cite news|last=Shanker|first=Thom|title=U.S. Agrees to Reduce Size of Force on Okinawa|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/27/world/asia/united-states-to-cut-number-of-marines-on-okinawa.html?ref=japan|access-date=27 April 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=26 April 2012}}{{cite news|title=U.S. comes to agreement with Japan to move 9,000 Marines off Okinawa|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-comes-to-agreement-with-japan-to-move-9000-marines-off-okinawa/2012/04/26/gIQA1seKkT_story.html|access-date=27 April 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=27 April 2012|author=Greg Jaffe and Emily Heil}}{{cite news|title=Okinawa deal between US and Japan to move marines|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17865198|publisher=BBC|access-date=27 April 2012|date=27 April 2012}}{{cite news|title=U.S., Japan unveil revised plan for Okinawa|url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/politics/AJ201204270034|access-date=27 April 2012|newspaper=The Asahi Shimbun|date=27 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430083733/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/politics/AJ201204270034|archive-date=30 April 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}{{cite web|last=Quintana|first=Miguel|title=Japan Welcomes US Base Agreement|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/japan-welcomes-us-base-agreement-149215665/369972.html|publisher=Voice of America|access-date=28 April 2012|date=28 April 2012}} No timetable for the Marines redeployment was announced, but The Washington Post reported that U.S. Marines would leave Okinawa as soon as suitable facilities on Guam and elsewhere were ready. The relocation move was expected to cost $8.6 billion, including a $3.1 billion cash commitment from Japan for the move to Guam as well as for developing joint training ranges on Guam and on Tinian and Pagan in the Northern Mariana Islands. Certain parcels of land on Okinawa which were leased for use by the American military were supposed to be turned back to Japanese control via a long-term phased return process according to the agreement. These returns have been ongoing since 1972.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} In October 2020, Marine Corps Base Camp Blaz was activated on Guam. The new base is meant to house Marines relocated from Okinawa, with the final relocation planned for 2025.{{cite web |last1=Kaur |first1=Anumita |title=DOD spent $365M for Guam military buildup last fiscal year |url=https://www.guampdn.com/story/news/local/2021/02/07/dod-spent-365-million-guam-military-buildup-last-fiscal-year/4424941001/ |website=Pacific Daily News |access-date=3 March 2021 |date=February 8, 2021}}

In March 2024, media reporting suggested that the organizational remit and status of USFJ would be changed--possibly including the creation of a new joint task force as well as the elevation of the USFJ commander's rank--as part of a broader 'upgrading' of the U.S.-Japan alliance to be announced during the April 2024 visit of Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida to the United States.{{Cite news |last=Sevastopulo |first=Demetri |last2=Inagaki |first2=Kana |date=March 24, 2024 |title=US and Japan plan biggest upgrade to security pact in over 60 years |url=https://www.ft.com/content/df99994d-ec4b-4c3c-9c42-738ec9b338d0 |work=The Financial Times}} As part of that visit, Prime Minister Kishida and U.S. President Joe Biden stated the following in a Joint Leaders' Statement:

Recognizing the speed at which regional security challenges evolve and to ensure our bilateral Alliance structures meet these critical changes, we announce our intention to bilaterally upgrade our respective command and control frameworks to enable seamless integration of operations and capabilities and allow for greater interoperability and planning between U.S. and Japanese forces in peacetime and during contingencies. More effective U.S.-Japan Alliance command and control will strengthen deterrence and promote a free and open Indo-Pacific in the face of pressing regional security challenges. We call on our respective defense and foreign ministries to develop this new relationship through the Security Consultative Committee (our security "2+2").{{Cite web |last=House |first=The White |date=2024-04-10 |title=United States-Japan Joint Leaders' Statement |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/04/10/united-states-japan-joint-leaders-statement/ |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}

{{See also|Okinawa Island#U.S. military in Okinawa|Protests of US military presence in Okinawa}}As of May 2022, the stationing of U.S. military personnel at military facilities across Okinawa Island remains a hotly-contested and controversial issue, with the relocation of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma often being at the forefront of protests against the presence of U.S. military presence on the island.{{Cite web |title=50 Years After US Occupation, Okinawa Continues to Resist Military Bases |url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/05/50-years-after-us-occupation-okinawa-continues-to-resist-military-bases/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Okinawa's vocal anti-US military base movement |url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/okinawa-s-vocal-anti-US-military-base-movement |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=www.lowyinstitute.org |language=en}}{{Cite journal |last=Williams |first=Brad |date=2013 |title=The YIMBY Phenomenon in Henoko, Okinawa |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2013.53.5.958 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=958–978 |doi=10.1525/as.2013.53.5.958 |issn=0004-4687}} Okinawa makes up only 0.6% of the nation's land area;Yoshida, Reiji, "[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2008/03/25/reference/basics-of-the-u-s-military-presence/ Basics of the U.S. military presence]", Japan Times, 25 March 2008, p. 3. yet, approximately 62% of United States bases in Japan (exclusive use only) are on Okinawa.http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/site/chijiko/kichitai/documents/petition20031116.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304005946/http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/site/chijiko/kichitai/documents/petition20031116.pdf |date=4 March 2014 }}, Okinawa Prefectural Government{{cite web |url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201606290073.html |title=Okinawa accuses U.S. military of distorting figure on U.S. bases：The Asahi Shimbun |website=www.asahi.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630192633/http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201606290073.html |archive-date=2016-06-30}} Despite an agreement to relocate Marine Corps Air Station Futenma first being reached by the Japanese and U.S. governments in 1996, progress to relocate the base has stalled because of the protests as well as environmental concerns resulting from the construction, operation and relocation of the base.{{Cite book |last=Chanlett-Avery |first=Emma |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/807200430 |title=The U.S. military presence in Okinawa and the Futenma base controversy |date=2012 |publisher=Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress |oclc=807200430}}{{Citation |last=Crissey |first=Etsuko Takushi |title=The US Military in Okinawa |date=2017-06-30 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824856489.003.0002 |work=Okinawa's GI Brides |publisher=University of Hawai'i Press |doi=10.21313/hawaii/9780824856489.003.0002 |isbn=9780824856489 |access-date=2022-08-01}}{{quote box

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The U.S. government employs over eight thousand Master Labor Contract/Indirect Hire Agreement workers on Okinawa (per the Labor Management Organization), not including Okinawan contract workers.{{cite web|url=http://www.lmo.go.jp/english/purpose/index.html |title=Purpose and Duties |publisher=Labor Management Organization |access-date=2012-03-10}}

There is also debate over the Status of Forces Agreement since it covers a variety of administrative technicalities blending the systems which control how certain situations are handled between the U.S.'s and Japan's legal framework.{{Cite news |date=2017-08-09 |title=New Okinawa minister says Japan-U.S. SOFA should be 're-examined' after Osprey crash |language=en-US |work=The Japan Times Online |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/08/09/national/politics-diplomacy/new-okinawa-minister-says-japan-u-s-sofa-re-examined-osprey-crash/ |access-date=2018-01-14 |issn=0447-5763}}

In May 2010, a survey of the Okinawan people conducted by the Mainichi Shimbun and the Ryūkyū Shimpō, found that 71% of Okinawans surveyed thought that the presence of Marines on Okinawa was not necessary (15% said it was necessary). When asked what they thought about 62% of exclusive use United States Forces Japan bases being concentrated on Okinawa, 50% said that the number should be reduced and 41% said that the bases should be removed. When asked about the US-Japan security treaty, 55% said it should be a peace treaty, 14% said it should be abolished, and 7% said it should be maintained.{{cite web|last=|first=|date=2009-10-11|title=毎日世論調査：辺野古移設に反対84% 沖縄県民対象|url=http://mainichi.jp/select/seiji/news/20100531k0000m010043000c.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602075337/http://mainichi.jp/select/seiji/news/20100531k0000m010043000c.html|archive-date=2 June 2010|access-date=2012-03-10|website=Mainichi Shimbun|publisher=|via=Megalodon (website)}}

Many of the bases, such as Yokota Air Base, Naval Air Facility Atsugi and Kadena Air Base, are located in the vicinity of residential districts, and local citizens have complained about excessive aircraft noise.[http://www.city.yamato.kanagawa.jp/kichi/index.htm 基地騒音の問題] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080304033134/http://www.city.yamato.kanagawa.jp/kichi/index.htm |date=4 March 2008 }}, Yamato City[http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/INET/OSHIRASE/2005/10/20fac600.htm 横田基地における騒音防止対策の徹底について（要請）] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224093552/http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/INET/OSHIRASE/2005/10/20fac600.htm |date=24 February 2009 }}, Tokyo Metropolitan Government[http://www.town.kadena.okinawa.jp/mati2/base.html 嘉手納町の概要] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930101133/http://www.town.kadena.okinawa.jp/mati2/base.html |date=30 September 2008 }}, Kadena Town The 2014 poll by Ryūkyū Shimpō found that 80% of surveyed Okinawans want the Marine Corps Air Station Futenma moved out of the prefecture.{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-11-17/opponent-of-u-s-base-wins-okinawa-vote-in-setback-for-abe-1-|title=Opponent of U.S. Base Wins Okinawa Vote in Setback for Abe|author1=Isabel Reynolds|author2=Takashi Hirokawa|date=2014-11-17|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=9 February 2017}} On 25 June 2018, Okinawan residents protested against the construction of a new airfield. Activists holding placards and banners went to sea on 70 boats and ships. Protesters urged the Japanese authorities to stop the expansion of the U.S. military presence on the island. Some of the boats went to the guarded construction site, where they came across the Coast Guard patrol vessels. Some activists were arrested for entering a prohibited zone.{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/06/25/national/protest-held-sea-okinawa-land-reclamation-work-u-s-marine-corps-futenma-base/#.WzxbLNUzbIU |title=Protest held at sea in Okinawa against land reclamation work for U.S. Marine Corps' Futenma base |website=japantimes.co.jp |date=25 June 2018}}

On 11 August 2018, about 70,000 protesters gathered at a park in the prefecture capital of Naha to protest the planned relocation of a U.S. military base on the southern Japanese island. Opponents of the relocation said the plan to move Marine Corps Air Station Futenma from a crowded neighborhood to a less populated coastal site would not only affect the environment, but would also go against local wishes to have the base moved from the island entirely.{{Cite web |url=https://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/okinawa-protesters-mourn-governor-oppose-us-base-relocation-1.542118 |title=Okinawa protesters mourn governor, oppose US base relocation - Pacific - Stripes |access-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815055316/https://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/okinawa-protesters-mourn-governor-oppose-us-base-relocation-1.542118 |archive-date=15 August 2018 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }} {{PD-notice}}

File:Yasuura House.jpg during occupation of Japan]]

At the beginning of the occupation of Japan in 1945, many U.S. soldiers participated in the Special Comfort Facility Association. The Japanese government organised the enslavement of 55,000 women to work providing sexual services to U.S. military personnel before the surrender.{{cite news | first=NICHOLAS | last= KRISTOF | title=Fearing G.I. Occupiers, Japan Urged Women Into Brothels | date=1995-10-27 | newspaper=The New York Times | url =https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/27/world/fearing-gi-occupiers-japan-urgesd-women-into-brothels.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm | access-date = 2013-05-14 }} On discovery of the program, the association was closed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.

Between 1972 and 2009, U.S. servicemen committed 5,634 criminal offenses, including 25 murders, 385 burglaries, 25 arsons, 127 rapes, 306 assaults, and 2,827 thefts.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/07/okinawa-japan-military-tension|title=Second battle of Okinawa looms as China's naval ambition grows|last=Hearst|first=David|date=2011-03-07|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-05-20}} Yet, per Marine Corps Installations Pacific data, U.S. service members are convicted of far fewer crimes than local Okinawans.http://www.okinawa.usmc.mil/Documents/Ethos.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223233725/http://www.okinawa.usmc.mil/Documents/Ethos.pdf |date=23 December 2016 }}, Ethos Data According to the U.S.-Japan Status of Forces Agreement, when U.S. personnel crimes are committed both off-duty and off-base, they should be prosecuted under the Japanese law.http://www.okinawa.usmc.mil/Documents/Sofa.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223233628/http://www.okinawa.usmc.mil/Documents/Sofa.pdf |date=23 December 2016 }}, SOFA Agreement In 2008 the National Police Agency released its annual criminal statistics that included activity within the Okinawa prefecture. These findings held American troops were only convicted of 53 crimes per 10,000 U.S. male servicemen, while Okinawan males were convicted of 366 crimes per 10,000. The crime rate found a U.S. serviceman on Okinawa to be 86% less likely to be convicted of a crime by the Japanese government than an Okinawan male.{{cite web|url=http://d.hatena.ne.jp/reservoir/20080214/1202958732 |title=在日米軍・沖縄駐留米軍の犯罪率を考える - 駄犬日誌 |publisher=D.hatena.ne.jp |date=2008-02-14 |access-date=2012-03-10}}

In more recent history, "crimes ranging from rape to assault and hit-and-run accidents by U.S. military personnel, dependents and civilians have long sparked protests in the prefecture," stated The Japan Times.{{cite news |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/06/26/national/crime-legal/u-s-civilian-arrested-fresh-okinawa-dui-case-man-injured/#.V2_UTnbP2Ul |title=U.S. civilian arrested in fresh Okinawa DUI case; man injured |date=26 June 2016 |work=The Japan Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160626130952/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/06/26/national/crime-legal/u-s-civilian-arrested-fresh-okinawa-dui-case-man-injured/#.V2_UTnbP2Ul |archive-date=26 June 2016 |url-status=dead}} "A series of horrific crimes by present and former U.S. military personnel stationed on Okinawa has triggered dramatic moves to try to reduce the American presence on the island and in Japan as a whole," commented The Daily Beast in 2009.{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/06/08/the-suitcase-murder-tearing-the-u-s-and-japan-apart.html|title=The Suitcase Murder Tearing the U.S. And Japan Apart|newspaper=The Daily Beast|date=9 June 2016|last1=Krauss|first1=Jake Adelstein}}

In 1995, the abduction and rape of a 12-year-old Okinawan schoolgirl by two U.S. Marines and one U.S. sailor led to demands for the removal of all U.S. military bases in Japan. Other controversial incidents include the Girard incident in 1957, the Michael Brown Okinawa assault incident in 2002, the death of the Kinjo family in 1996, and the hit-and-run death of Yuki Uema in 1998. In February 2008, a 38-year-old U.S. Marine based on Okinawa was arrested in connection with the reported rape of a 14-year-old Okinawan girl.{{cite news | last=Lah| first=Kyung| author-link = Kyung Lah| url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/10/japan.rape/index.html?iref=mpstoryview| title=U.S. Marine accused of raping teen in Okinawa | publisher=CNN| date=10 February 2008}} This triggered waves of protest against American military presence on Okinawa and led to tight restrictions on off-base activities.{{cite news| url=http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/087CEE5F-75D7-4348-93E4-3631EEED5853.htm| title=Japanese protest against US base| publisher=Al Jazeera| date=23 March 2008}}{{cite news| url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7254105.stm | title= Curfew for US troops in Okinawa| publisher=BBC| date= 20 February 2008}} Although the accuser withdrew her charges, the U.S. military court-martialed the suspect and sentenced him to four years in prison under the stricter rules of the military justice system.{{Cite web|url=https://www.newser.com/story/27674/okinawa-marine-gets-4-years-for-teen-sex-abuse.html|title=Okinawa Marine Gets 4 Years for Teen Sex Abuse|first=Kevin|last=Spak|date=16 May 2008|website=Newser}}

U.S. Forces Japan designated 22 February as a "Day of Reflection" for all U.S. military facilities in Japan and established the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Task Force in an effort to prevent similar incidents.[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20080221a2.html U.S. imposes curfew on Okinawa forces], The Japan Times, 21 February 2008 In November 2009, Staff Sergeant Clyde "Drew" Gunn, a U.S. Army soldier stationed at Torii Station was involved in a hit-and-run accident of a pedestrian in Yomitan Village on Okinawa. In April 2010, Gunn was charged with failing to render aid and vehicular manslaughter,http://www.japantoday.com/category/crime/view/hit-and-run-charge-added-for-us-soldier-indicted-in-okinawa {{dead link|date=March 2012}} and he was sentenced to two years and eight months in jail.{{cite web|author=David Allen |url=http://www.stripes.com/news/u-s-soldier-sentenced-to-japanese-jail-for-hit-and-run-on-okinawa-1.121907 |title=U.S. soldier sentenced to Japanese jail for hit-and-run on Okinawa - News |work=Stripes |access-date=2012-03-10}}

In 2013, Seaman Christopher Browning and Petty Officer 3rd Class Skyler Dozierwalker were found guilty by the Naha District Court of raping and robbing a woman in a parking lot in October. Both admitted committing the crime. The case outraged Okinawans and sparked tougher restrictions for all U.S. military personnel in Japan, including a curfew and drinking restrictions.{{cite news|title=U.S. Navy sailors convicted in Okinawa rape|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/01/us-navy-sailors-okinawa-rape/1955873/|newspaper=USA Today|access-date=2013-03-19}}

On 13 May 2013, in a controversial statement, Toru Hashimoto, Mayor of Osaka and co-leader of the Japan Restoration Association said to a senior American military official at the Marine Corps base on Okinawa that "we can't control the sexual energy of these brave Marines." He said that Marines should make more use of the local adult entertainment industry to reduce sexual crimes against local women. Hashimoto also spoke of the necessity of former Japanese Army comfort women and of prostitutes for the U.S. military in other countries such as Korea.{{cite news| url= https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/world/asia/mayor-in-japan-says-comfort-women-played-a-necessary-role.html?_r=0 | title= Women Forced Into WWII Brothels Served Necessary Role, Osaka Mayor Says| newspaper=New York Times |first= Hiroko |last=Tabuchi |author-link=Hiroko Tabuchi |date= 13 May 2013|access-date=2013-05-14 }}

In June 2016, after a civilian worker at the base was charged with murdering a Japanese woman, thousands of people protested on Okinawa.Ben Westcott, [http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/asia/us-military-base-protests-okinawa/ Japanese woman's murder provokes protests against U.S. bases in Okinawa], CNN (20 June 2016). Organizers estimated turnout at 65,000 people, which was the largest anti-base protests on Okinawa since 1995.Jonathan Soble, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/20/world/asia/japan-okinawa-protest-united-states-military.html?_r=0 At Okinawa Protest, Thousands Call for Removal of U.S. Bases], New York Times (19 June 2016). In November 2017, an intoxicated U.S. service member was arrested following a vehicle crash on Okinawa that killed the other driver.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/11/19/asia/okinawa-american-drunk-driver/index.html|title=US Marine arrested following fatal Okinawa truck crash|author=Joshua Berlinger and Chie Kobayashi|website=CNN|date=20 November 2017}}

Although other crimes committed by U.S. servicemen (as well as crimes by Japanese) have occurred in Japan, the Status of Forces Agreement protects servicemen and their employees. Suspects are usually handed over U.S. bases first so Japanese judicial investigations and trials would be severely restricted. Many offenders who have committed sexual assaults and murders have also escaped trials sometimes through transfer, release or honorary discharges when they are in barracks, which is one of the reasons for antipathy from the victims and other local citizens along with the Japanese government's indecision.{{Cite web|url= https://apjjf.org/-David-McNeill/3083/article.html|title= Justice for Some. Crime, Victims and the US-Japan SOFA|author=

David McNeill|website=Japan Focus|date=15 March 2009}}{{cite news|title=U.S. forces in Japan, including criminals, are privileged under Article 17 of SOFA|url=https://www.japan-press.co.jp/s/news/?id=4971|newspaper=Japan Press Weekly|access-date=2023-05-13}}

File:Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Futenma_20160720.jpg

In October 2012, twelve MV-22 Ospreys were transferred to Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to replace aging Vietnam-era Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight helicopters.{{Cite web|url=http://st.japantimes.co.jp/english_news/editorial/2012/ed20120809.htm?print=noframe|title={{!}} 社説 {{!}} 英語のニュース {{!}} The Japan Times ST オンライン — 英字新聞社ジャパンタイムズの英語学習サイト|last=英語学習サイト|website=st.japantimes.co.jp|language=ja|access-date=2018-01-14}} In October 2013, an additional 12 Ospreys arrived. Japanese Defense Minister Satoshi Morimoto explained that the Osprey aircraft is safe, adding that two recent accidents were "caused by human factors".{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19782283 | work=BBC News | title=US Osprey military aircraft begin Okinawa base move | date=1 October 2012}} Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda also stated that the Japanese government was convinced of the MV-22's safety.{{Cite web |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20121002a3.html |title=Okinawa residents protest transfer of six Ospreys to base {{pipe}} the Japan Times Online |access-date=4 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008085156/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20121002a3.html |archive-date=8 October 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} Various incidents involving V-22 Ospreys have occurred on Okinawa.{{Cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/osprey/|title=Osprey - The Japan Times|website=The Japan Times|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-14}}{{Better source needed|reason=Citation leads to just a search for "Osprey" on the Japan Times website, does not actually lead to a source for this claim.|date=May 2021}} On 5 April 2018, it was announced that the U.S. Air Force would officially deploy CV-22 Osprey aircraft at its Yokota Air Base.

File:No_base_sign_at_Ginowan_protest_on_2009-10-08.jpg

Environmental concerns have taken the forefront of the debate over the presence of U.S. military forces on Okinawa.{{Cite journal |last=Morris-Suzuki |first=Tessa |date=2000 |title=Under the umbrella: co-existence with the military is not so peaceful for the people and the environment of Okinawa, Japan |journal=New Internationalist |volume= |issue=325 |pages=34–35}} Since the late 1990s, environmental concerns elevated by both local residents as well as larger Okinawan and Japanese environmental action groups and independent activists have often resulted in public protests and demonstrations against the relocation of existing U.S. military bases and the construction of replacement facilities, which have been labelled by some as examples of "modern colonialism".{{Cite journal |last=Nishiyama |first=Hidefumi |date=2022-05-05 |title=Base borders: Militarisation and (post-)colonial bordering in Okinawa |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23996544221097232 |journal=Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space |volume=40 |issue=8 |language=en |pages=1627–1642 |doi=10.1177/23996544221097232 |s2cid=248590255 |issn=2399-6544}}{{Cite journal |last=Nishiyama |first=Hidefumi |date=2022-03-15 |title=Base Built in the Middle of 'Rice Fields': A Politics of Ignorance in Okinawa |journal=Geopolitics |language=en |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=546–565 |doi=10.1080/14650045.2020.1801646 |s2cid=225285553 |issn=1465-0045|doi-access=free }}{{Cite journal |last=Matsumura |first=Wendy |date=2020 |title=Postwar Reconfigurations of the US Empire and Global Military Occupation: Struggles against Enclosure in Okinawa |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/johs.12261 |journal=Journal of Historical Sociology |language=en |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=149–163 |doi=10.1111/johs.12261 |s2cid=213256366 |issn=0952-1909}} In particular, lingering environmental concerns over the disruption or destruction of coastal and marine habitats off the shores of Okinawa from construction, relocation and operation of U.S. military bases on Okinawa, has resulted in the protracted and continuing delayal of plans to relocate military facilities, such as Marine Corps Air Station Futenma.

During the late 1990s and early 2000s, initial plans to relocate Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to a new facility located offshore in Henoko Bay were met with strong resistance after sightings of dugong were reported in areas surrounding territory earmarked for the relocated airbase.{{Cite journal |last=Tanji |first=Miyume |date=2008 |title=U.S. COURT RULES IN THE "OKINAWA DUGONG" CASE: Implications for U.S. Military Bases Overseas |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14672710802274094 |journal=Critical Asian Studies |language=en |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=475–487 |doi=10.1080/14672710802274094 |s2cid=142554393 |issn=1467-2715}} A critically endangered species, dugong were traditionally fished and hunted throughout Okinawa and the Ryukyu Islands. This drew the attention of local, national and international environmental action groups, who raised concerns that land reclamation projects tied to the construction of an offshore airbase in Henoko Bay would result in the destruction of nearby dugong habitats and coastal ecosystems.{{Cite journal |last=Taylor |first=Jonathan |date=2007 |title=Environment and Security Conflicts: The U.S. Military in Okinawa |journal=The Geographical Bulletin |issue=48 |pages=3–13}} Despite this, plans were set forth to continue ahead with the relocation of the base, notably, flouting the results of a 1997 referendum where the majority voted to reject a replacement facility.

In opposition to this, in September 2003, a group of Okinawan, Japanese and U.S. environmental organizations filed a lawsuit in San Francisco Federal Court to protest the relocation of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma. This lawsuit, initially entitled Okinawa Dugong v. Rumsfeld, argued that the U.S. Department of Defense failed to consider the impacts that relocating the base would have upon the local dugong population, in turn, violating the U.S. National Historic Preservation Act. This case was closed in January 2008; notably for the plaintiffs, it was ruled that the Department of Defense, by not considering the impacts of the relocated airbase upon the local dugong population, had in fact violated the National Historic Preservation Act, thus delaying the relocation of the base.

Concerns over water contamination have also exacerbated recent tensions surrounding the presence of U.S. military bases in Okinawa.{{Cite web |title=US Military Bases Are Poisoning Okinawa |url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/10/us-military-bases-are-poisoning-okinawa/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}} In June 2020, following the announcement of an earlier leak of firefighting foam from Marine Corps Air Station Futenma in April 2020, a water quality study conducted by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment published findings of elevated contamination levels of PFOS and PFOA at 37 different water sources near U.S. military bases and industrial areas which exceeded provisional national targets.{{Cite news |date=2020-06-19 |title=Cancer inducing toxins found in water sources near US bases in Japan: study |language=en |work=Mainichi Daily News |url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20200619/p2a/00m/0na/020000c |access-date=2022-08-02}} Further incidents concerning the release of the cancer-inducing toxins also occurred in August 2021, further worsening tensions over the presence of 'alarming' levels of these toxic chemicals.{{Cite web |title=U.S. Military Accountability for PFAS Contamination on Bases in Okinawa |url=https://www.americanbar.org/groups/environment_energy_resources/publications/ierl/20220218-us-mlitary-accountability-for-pfas-contamination-on-bases-in-okinawa/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=www.americanbar.org}}{{Cite web |title='Alarming' Levels of 'Forever Chemicals' Found in Water Near US Bases in Okinawa |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/12/28/alarming-levels-forever-chemicals-found-water-near-us-bases-okinawa |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Common Dreams |language=en}}

Subsequent tests around Kadena Air Base, specifically the training site 50 meters west of Dakujaku River, confirmed severe contamination in the water system with PFAS chemicals. These chemicals reach 10s of meters underground while plumes spread for several kilometers from these contaminated training sites flowed into nearby wells and waterways of Dakujaku River and Hija River which contaminated the drinking water of 450,000 residents. These toxic chemicals originate from firefighting foams which contain PFAS and were used at training sites during the 1970s and 80s. However, the U.S. and Japanese governments say that the source of the issue cannot be confirmed.{{cite web |date=August 18, 2022 |title=450,000 Okinawans' drinking water contaminated by Kadena Air Base training site, new evidence suggests |publisher=Okinawa Times |author=John Mitchell |url=https://www.okinawatimes.co.jp/articles/-/998284 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818093928/https://www.okinawatimes.co.jp/articles/-/998284 |archive-date=August 18, 2022}}

File:Military facilities of the United States in Japan, 2016.gif

File:Major US military bases in Japan.svg

File:US military bases in Okinawa.svg, 2010]]

The USFJ headquarters is at Yokota Air Base, about 30 km west of central Tokyo.

The U.S. military installations in Japan and their managing branches are as follows:

• Camp Smedley D. Butler, Okinawa Prefecture, Yamaguchi Prefectures. (Although these camps are dispersed throughout Okinawa and the rest of Japan they are all under the heading of Camp Smedley D. Butler):
• Camp McTureous, Okinawa Prefecture
• Camp Courtney, Okinawa Prefecture
• Camp Foster, Okinawa Prefecture
• Camp Kinser, Okinawa Prefecture
• Camp Hansen, Okinawa Prefecture
• Camp Schwab, Okinawa Prefecture
• Camp Gonsalves (Jungle Warfare Training Center), Okinawa Prefecture
• Kin Blue Beach Training Area, Okinawa Prefecture
• Kin Red Beach Training Area, Okinawa Prefecture
• Higashionna Ammunition Storage Point II
• Henoko Ordnance Ammunition Depot
• Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, Okinawa Prefecture
• Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni
• Camp Fuji, Shizuoka Prefecture
• Numazu Training Area, Shizuoka Prefecture
• Ie Jima Auxiliary Airfield, Okinawa Prefecture
• Tsuken Jima Training Area, Okinawa Prefecture

Joint Use Facilities and Areas

Temporary use facilities and areas are as follows:

On Okinawa, U.S. military installations occupy about 10.4% of the total land usage. Approximately 74.7% of all the U.S. military facilities in Japan are located on the island of Okinawa.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}

The United States has returned some facilities to Japanese control. Some are used as military bases of the JSDF; others have become civilian airports or government offices; many are factories, office buildings or residential developments in the private sector. Due to the Special Actions Committee on Okinawa, more land on Okinawa is in the process of being returned. These areas include Camp Kuwae (also known as Camp Lester), MCAS Futenma, areas within Camp Zukeran (also known as Camp Foster) located about {{convert|9900|acre|km2|0}} of the Northern Training Area, Aha Training Area, Gimbaru Training Area (also known as Camp Gonsalves), a small portion of the Makiminato Service Area (also known as Camp Kinser), and Naha Port.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}

Army:

• Army Composite Service Group Area (later, Chinen Service Area), Nanjō, Okinawa
• Army STRATCOM Warehouse (later, Urasoe Warehouse), Urasoe, Okinawa
• Bluff Area (later, Yamate Dependent Housing Area), Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Bolo Point Auxiliary Airfield (later, Trainfire Range), Yomitan, Okinawa
• Bolo Point Army Annex, Yomitan, Okinawa
• Camp Bender, Ōta, Gunma
• Camp Boone, Ginowan, Okinawa
• Camp Burness, Chūō, Tokyo
• Camp Chickamauga, 19th Infantry, Beppu, Oita[http://www.army.mil/-news/1947/10/01/4604-a-soldier-in-kyushu/index.html A Soldier in Kyushu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514163818/http://www.army.mil/-news/1947/10/01/4604-a-soldier-in-kyushu/index.html |date=14 May 2008 }}, By Capt. William B. Koons, 1 October 1947
• Camp Chigasaki, Chigasaki, Kanagawa
• Camp Chitose Annex (Chitose I, II), Chitose, Hokkaido
• Camp Coe, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Camp Crawford, Sapporo, Hokkaido
• Camp Drake, Asaka, Saitama
• Camp Drew, Ōizumi, Gunma
• Camp Eta Jima, Etajima, Hiroshima
• Camp Fowler, Sendai, Miyagi
• Camp Fuchinobe (Office Japan, NSAPACREP), Sagamihara, Kanagawa
• Camp Hakata, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka
• Camp Hardy, Ginoza, Okinawa
• Camp Haugen, Hachinohe, Aomori
• Camp Katakai, Kujūkuri, Chiba
• Camp King (later, Omiya Ordnance Sub Depot), Omiya, Saitama
• Camp Kokura, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka
• Camp Kubasaki (later, Kubasaki School Area), [Nakagusuku, Okinawa]
• Camp Loper, Tagajō, Miyagi
• Camp McGill, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
• Camp McNair, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi
• Camp Mercy, Ginowan, Okinawa
• Camp Moore, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
• Camp Mower 34th Infantry, Sasebo, Nagasaki
• Camp Nara, Nara, Nara
• Camp Ojima, Ōta, Gunma
• Camp Otsu, Ōtsu, Shiga
• Camp Palmer, Funabashi, Chiba File:Camp Palmer Sign.jpg
• Camp Schimmelpfennig, Sendai, Miyagi
• Camp Stilwell, Maebashi, Gunma
• Camp Weir, Shinto, Gunma
• Camp Whittington, Kumagaya, Saitama
• Camp Wood, 21st Infantry, Kumamoto
• Camp Younghans, Higashine, Yamagata
• Chibana Army Annex (later, Chibana Site), Okinawa, Okinawa
• Chinen Army Annex (later, Chinen Site), Chinen, Okinawa
• Chuo Kogyo (later, Niikura Warehouse Area), Wako, Saitama
• Deputy Division Engineer Office, Urasoe, Okinawa
• Division School Center, Kokura
• Etchujima Warehouse, Koto, Tokyo
• Funaoka Ammunition Depot, Shibata, Miyagi
• Hachinohe LST Barge Landing Area, Hachinohe, Aomori
• Hakata Transportation Office, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka
• Hamby Auxiliary Airfield, Chatan, Okinawa
• Hosono Ammunition Depot, Seika, Kyoto
• Iribaru (Nishihara) Army Annex, Uruma, Okinawa
• Ishikawa Army Annex, Uruma, Okinawa
• Japan Logistical Command (Yokohama Customs House), Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Jefferson Heights, Chiyoda, Tokyo
• Kanagawa Milk Plant, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Kashiji Army Annex, Chatan, Okinawa
• Kishine Barracks, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Kobe Pier No. 6, Kobe, Hyogo
• Kobe Port Building, Kobe, Hyogo
• Koza Radio Relay Annex (later, Koza Communication Site), Okinawa, Okinawa
• Kure Barge Landing Area, Kure, Hiroshima
• Lincoln Center, Chiyoda, Tokyo
• Moji Port, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka
• Nagoya Procurement (Purchasing and Contracting) Office, Nagoya, Aichi
• Naha Army Annex (later, Naha Site), Naha, Okinawa
• Naha Service Center, Naha, Okinawa
• Namihira Army Annex, Yomitan, Okinawa
• Negishi Racetrack Area, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Okinawa Regional Exchange Cold Storage (later, Naha Cold Storage), Naha, Okinawa
• Okinawa Regional Exchange Dry Storage Warehouse (later, Makiminato Warehouse), Urasoe, Okinawa
• Onna Point Army Annex (later, Onna Site), Onna, Okinawa
• Oppama Ordnance Depot, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
• Ota Koizumi Airfield (Patton Field Air Drop Range), Oizumi, Gunma
• Palace Heights, Chiyoda, Tokyo
• Pershing Heights (Headquarters, U.S. Far East Command/United Nations Command), Shinjuku, Tokyo
• Sakuradani Rifle Range, Chikushino, Fukuoka
• Sanno Hotel Officer's Quarter, Chiyoda, Tokyo
• Shikotsuko Training Area, Chitose, Hokkaido
• Shinzato Communication Site, Nanjo, Okinawa
• South Ammunition Storage Annex (later, South Ammunition Storage Area), Yaese, Okinawa
• Sunabe Army Annex, Chatan, Okinawa
• Tana Ammunition Depot, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Tairagawa (Deragawa) Communication Site, Uruma, Okinawa
• Tengan Communication Site, Uruma, Okinawa
• Tokyo Army Hospital, Chūō, Tokyo
• Tokyo Quartermaster Depot, Minato, Tokyo
• Tokyo Ordnance Depot (later, Camp Oji), Kita, Tokyo
• U.S. Army Medical Center, Sagamihara, Kanagawa
• U.S. Army Printing and Publication Center, Far East, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
• U.S. Army Procurement Agency, Japan, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Center Pier (MSTS-FE), Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Engineering Depot, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Motor Command, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Ordnance Depot, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama POL Depot, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Servicemen Club, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Signal Supply Depot, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Signal Maintenance Depot (JLC Air Strip), Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama South Pier, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yomitan Army Annex, Yomitan, Okinawa
• Zama Rifle Range, Sagamihara, Kanagawa
• Zukeran Propagation Annex (later, Communication Site), Chatan, Okinawa

Navy:

• Haiki (Sasebo) Rifle Range, Sasebo, Nagasaki
• Inanba Shima Gunnery Firing Range, Mikurajima, Tokyo
• Kinugasa Ammunition Depot, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
• Koshiba POL Depot, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Ominato Communication Site, Ominato, Aomori
• Omura Rifle Range, Omura, Nagasaki
• Makiminato Service Area Annex, Urasoe, Okinawa
• Minamitorishima Communication Site, Ogasawara, Tokyo
• Nagahama Rifle Range, Kure, Hiroshima
• Nagai Dependent Housing Area (Admiralty Heights), Yokosuka, Kanagawa
• Nagiridani Dependent Housing Area, Sasebo, Nagasaki
• Naval Air Facility Naha, Naha, Okinawa
• Naval Air Facility Oppama, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
• Navy EM Club, Yokosuka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
• Niigata Sekiya Communication Site, Chuo-ku, Niigata
• Shinyamashita Dependent Housing Area (Bayside Court), Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Sobe Communication Site (NSGA Hanza), Yomitan, Okinawa
• Tokachibuto Communication Site, Urahoro, Hokkaido
• Tomioka Storage Area, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Tsujido Maneuver Area, Chigasaki, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Bakery, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Beach (Honmoku) Dependent Housing Area, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Chapel Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokohama Cold Storage, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Yokosuka Naval Pier, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
• Yosami Communication Site, Kariya, Aichi

Air Force:

• Ashiya Air Base (later, ATG Range), Ashiya, Fukuoka
• Asoiwayama Liaison Annex, Tobetsu, Hokkaido
• Brady Air Base (later, Gannosu Air Station), Higashi-ku, Fukuoka
• Chiran Communication Site, Chiran, Kagoshima
• Chitose Air Base, Chitose, Hokkaido
• Daikanyama Communication Site, Yugawara, Kanagawa
• Fuchu Air Station (Headquarters, USFJ/Fifth Air Force, 1957–1974), Fuchu, Tokyo
• Funabashi Communication Site, Funabashi, Chiba
• Grant Heights Dependent Housing Area, Nerima, Tokyo
• Green Park Housing Annex, Musashino, Tokyo
• Hachinohe Small Arms Range, Hachinohe, Aomori
• Hamura School Annex, Hamura, Tokyo
• Haneda Air Base (later, Postal Service Annex), Ota, Tokyo
• Hanshin Auxiliary Airfield, Yao, Osaka
• Hirao Communication Site, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka
• Itami Air Base, Itami, Hyogo
• Itazuke Administration Annex (Kasugabaru DHA), Kasuga, Fukuoka
• Itazuke Air Base, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka
• Johnson Air Base (later, Air Station, Family Housing Annex), Iruma, Saitama
• Kadena Dependent Housing Area, Yomitan, Okinawa
• Kanto Mura Dependent Housing Area and Auxiliary Airfield, Chofu, Tokyo
• Kasatoriyama Radar Site, Tsu, Mie
• Kashiwa Communication Site (Camp Tomlinson), Kashiwa, Chiba
• Komaki (Nagoya) Air Base, Komaki, Aichi
• Kozoji Ammunition Depot, Kasugai, Aichi
• Kume Jima Air Station, Kumejima, Okinawa
• Kushimoto Radar Site, Kushimoto, Wakayama
• Miho Air Base, Sakaiminato, Tottori
• Mineoka Liaison Annex, Minamiboso, Chiba
• Mito ATG Range, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki
• Miyako Jima Air Station, Miyakojima, Okinawa
• Miyako Jima VORTAC Site, Miyakojima, Okinawa
• Moriyama Air Station, Nagoya, Aichi
• Naha Air Base, Naha, Okinawa
• Naha Air Force/Navy Annex, Naha, Okinawa
• Najima Warehouse Area, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka
• Niigata Air Base, Niigata, Niigata
• Ofuna Warehouse, Yokohama, Kanagawa
• Oshima Communication Center, Oshima, Tokyo
• Rokko Communication Site, Kobe, Hyogo
• Senaha Communications Station, Yomitan, Okinawa (returned to the Japanese government in September 2006)
• Sendai Kunimi Communication Site, Sendai, Miyagi
• Showa (later, Akishima) Dependent Housing Area, Akishima, Tokyo
• Shiroi Air Base, Kashiwa, Chiba
• Sunabe Warehouse, Chatan, Okinawa
• Tachikawa Air Base, Tachikawa, Tokyo
• Tokyo Communication Site (NTTPC Central Telephone Exchange), Chūō, Tokyo
• Wajima Liaison Annex, Wajima, Ishikawa
• Wajiro Water Supply Site, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka
• Wakkanai Air Station, Wakkanai, Hokkaido
• Washington Heights Dependent Housing Area, Shibuya, Tokyo
• Yamada Ammunition Depot, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka
• Yokawame Communication Site, Misawa, Aomori
• Yozadake Air Station, Itoman, Okinawa

Marines:

• Aha Training Area, Kunigami, Okinawa
• Camp Gifu, Kakamigahara, Gifu
• Camp Hauge, Uruma, Okinawa
• Camp Okubo, Uji, Kyoto
• Camp Shinodayama, Izumi, Osaka
• Gimbaru Training Area, Kin, Okinawa
• Ihajo Kanko Hotel, Uruma, Okinawa
• Makiminato Housing Area, Naha, Okinawa
• Onna Communication Site, Onna, Okinawa
• Awase Golf Course, Okinawa Prefecture (returned to the Japanese government in April 2010)
• Yaka Rest Center, Kin, Okinawa
• Yomitan Auxiliary Airfield, Yomitan, Okinawa (returned to the Japanese government in 2006, parachute drop training ended in March 2001)

• United States Military Government of the Ryukyu Islands
• United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• [http://dc-office.org/brochure/ Brochure:Okinawa Prefectural Government Washington DC Office ]
• [http://www.usfj.mil/ United States Forces Japan]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090406053440/http://www.cnfj.navy.mil/ U.S. Naval Forces Japan]
• [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/dod/usfj.htm U.S. Forces, Japan] (GlobalSecurity.org)
• [http://www.niraikanai.wwma.net/downloads/gao-okinawa1998.pdf Overseas Presence: Issues Involved in Reducing the Impact of the U.S. Military Presence on Okinawa], GAO, March 1998
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20051202030848/http://www3.pref.okinawa.jp/site/contents/attach/7005/pamphlet(English).pdf U.S. Military Issues in Okinawa]
• [http://www.lmo.go.jp/index.html LMO]

{{Authority control}}

Category:Commands of the United States Armed Forces

Category:Japan–United States relations

Category:United States Armed Forces in Okinawa Prefecture