United States Minor Outlying Islands#Islands

{{Short description|Statistical designation of small offshore islands of the United States}}

{{Infobox country

| conventional_long_name = United States Minor Outlying Islands

| native_name =

| common_name = United States Minor Outlying Islands

| image_flag = Flag_of_the_United_States_(DoS_ECA_Color_Standard).svg

| flag_type_article = Flag of the United States

| image_coat =

| image_map = United States Minor Outlying Islands.png

| map_caption = Locations of the United States Minor Outlying Islands in the Pacific Ocean; Navassa Island is not located on this map.

| national_motto = {{unbulleted list

| "In God We Trust" (official)

| {{native phrase|la|"E Pluribus Unum"|italics=off}} (traditional)

| "Out of Many, One"

}}

| national_anthem = "The Star-Spangled Banner"

| languages_type = National language

| languages = English

| admin_center = Washington, D.C., U.S.

| ethnic_groups =

| largest_settlement_type = Village

| largest_settlement = Wake Island

| leader_title1 = President

| leader_name1 = {{nowrap|Donald Trump (R)}}

| area_rank = unranked

| area_km2 = 49.26

| area_sq_mi =

| percent_water = 88.6

| population_estimate = 300{{cn|date=December 2024}}

| population_estimate_rank = 232nd

| population_estimate_year = 2009

| population_census = 316

| population_census_year = 2000

| population_density_km2 =

| population_density_sq_mi =

| population_density_rank =

| GDP_PPP =

| GDP_PPP_rank =

| GDP_PPP_year =

| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $46,381^a

| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 6th

| Gini_year =

| Gini_change =

| Gini =

| Gini_ref =

| Gini_rank =

| HDI_year =

| HDI_change =

| HDI =

| HDI_ref =

| HDI_rank =

| currency = United States dollar (US$)

| currency_code = USD

| country_code =

| time_zone =

| utc_offset = {{nowrap|−12 to -11, −10, −5, +12}}

| time_zone_DST =

| utc_offset_DST =

| calling_code =

| cctld = .us ^b

| footnote_a = 2000 estimate

| footnote_b = .um was retired in 2007.

}}

File:Brown boobies atop pier posts at Johnston Atoll NWR.jpg atop pier posts at Johnston Atoll, September 2005]]

The United States Minor Outlying Islands is a statistical designation applying to the minor outlying islands and groups of islands that comprise eight United States insular areas in the Pacific Ocean (Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island) and one in the Caribbean Sea (Navassa Island).

It is defined by the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 3166-1 code. The entry code is ISO 3166-2:UM.

While the strategically important islands scattered across Polynesia and Micronesia are relatively small, they are rich in history and nature. The nearly barren Howland is famous for being the island renowned American pilot Amelia Earhart intended to land on before she vanished during her round-the-world flight in 1937. Wake, home to a now extinct flightless bird, was the site of a pitched World War II battle in 1941, and was an essential stopover for aircraft transiting the Pacific in the mid-20th century. Likewise, Midway Atoll is home to many corals and birds and was also the center of a famous battle of WW2, which helped turn the tide of the Pacific War. Other islands are rich in unique biodiversity, such as Palmyra, the site of a WW2 base. Johnston Atoll was a famous island for its Cold War base, when it was expanded and used to destroy chemical weapon stockpiles; it was also the site of a nuclear accident. Johnston was heavily modified with land expansion, while others are nearly untouched nature reserves.

History

In 1936, a colonization program began to settle Americans on Baker, Howland, and Jarvis islands. All were evacuated in 1942 due to World War II.{{cite web |url=http://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/bakerandhowlandislands.cfm |title=Office of Insular Affairs: Baker and Howland Islands |publisher=United States Department of the Interior |access-date=2015-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315181524/http://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/bakerandhowlandislands.cfm |archive-date=2015-03-15 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/jarvis.cfm |title=Office of Insular Affairs: Jarvis Island |publisher=United States Department of the Interior |access-date=2015-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202012321/http://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/jarvis.cfm |archive-date=2015-02-02 |url-status=dead }}

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) introduced the term "United States Minor Outlying Islands" in 1986. From 1974 until 1986, five of the islands (Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll, and Kingman Reef) were grouped under the term United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands, with ISO 3166 code {{Mono|PU}}. The code of Midway Atoll was {{Mono|MI}}, the code of Johnston Atoll was {{Mono|JT}}, and the code of Wake Island was {{Mono|WK}}. Before 1986, Navassa Island, along with several small islands in the Caribbean Sea that are no longer under U.S. sovereignty, were grouped under the term United States Miscellaneous Caribbean Islands, with FIPS country code {{Mono|BQ}}.

The populated Stewart Islands, called Sikaiana and now effectively controlled by the Solomon Islands, are not included in official lists of U.S. Minor Outlying Islands. In 1856, the Kingdom of Hawaii Privy Council and King Kamehameha IV voted to accept their voluntary cession. The Kingdom later became the Republic of Hawaii, all of which was annexed by the United States in 1898. In 1959, the resulting federal U.S. Territory of Hawaii, excluding only Palmyra Atoll and Midway Atoll, became a U.S. state. Residents of the Stewart Islands, who are Polynesian like the native Hawaiians rather than Melanesian, claimed to be citizens of the United States since the Stewart Islands were given to King Kamehameha IV in 1856 and were part of Hawaii at the time of the United States annexation in 1898. The U.S. federal and Hawaii state governments informally accept the recent claim of the Solomon Islands over the Stewart Islands, and the United States makes no official claim of sovereignty.{{cite web |title = GAO/OGC-98-5 – U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution |date = November 7, 1997 |url = http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GAOREPORTS-OGC-98-5/content-detail.html |publisher = U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date = March 23, 2013 |archive-date = 27 September 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130927192012/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GAOREPORTS-OGC-98-5/content-detail.html |url-status = live }}

Overview

File:Palmyra Atoll Visitor Access Map.jpg

Except for Palmyra Atoll, all of these islands are unincorporated unorganized territories of the United States. Currently, none of the islands have any known permanent residents. However, military personnel, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service personnel, and temporarily stationed scientific and research staff are posted to some islands. The 2000 census counted 315 people on Johnston Atoll and 1 person on Wake Island.[https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc3-us-pt1.pdf US Census 2000 Population Summary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203135357/https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc3-us-pt1.pdf |date=3 December 2017 }} — see Table I The Territory of Palmyra Atoll is an incorporated territory, separated in 1959 from the rest of the former incorporated Territory of Hawaii when Hawaii became a state.

There has been no recorded modern Indigenous population, except at the 1940 census. During the late 2010s, the U.S. military began reinvesting in the airfield and other assets on Wake Island.{{cite news|title=The US Military Is Pouring Hundreds Of Millions Of Dollars Into Tiny Wake Island|date=October 19, 2019|publisher=KITV-TV|location=Honolulu, Hawai{{okina}}i|url=https://www.kitv.com/story/41204820/the-us-military-is-pouring-hundreds-of-millions-of-dollars-into-tiny-wake-island|access-date=August 24, 2021|archive-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118053438/https://www.kitv.com/story/41204820/the-us-military-is-pouring-hundreds-of-millions-of-dollars-into-tiny-wake-island|url-status=dead}}

The islands are grouped for statistical convenience. They are neither administered collectively nor share a single cultural or political history beyond being uninhabited islands under the sovereignty of the United States. They are all outside the customs territory of the United States and have no customs duties.{{CodeFedReg|19|101.1}} Except for Midway Atoll, the Pacific islands are surrounded by large exclusive economic zones and are within the bounds of the Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument.

They are collectively represented by the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code UM. The individual islands have ISO 3166-2 numerical codes.

The Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) ".um" has historically been assigned to the islands; however, the .um ccTLD was retired in January 2007.{{cite news |first=Anick |last=Jesdanun |title=Unused Domain Name for U.S. Isles Gone |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna16788293 |publisher=NBC News |date=24 January 2007 |access-date=2007-09-28 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402170954/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16788293/ |url-status=live }}

Most of the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands islands are closed to the public. Visitors to islands such as Jarvis Island need a permit. Palmyra Atoll is open to the public, but there is no easy way to reach it.{{Cite web|url=https://www.fws.gov/refuge/midway_atoll/|title=Midway Atoll NWR - Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge and Battle of Midway National Memorial - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|website=www.fws.gov|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-date=10 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610065640/http://www.fws.gov/refuge/Midway_Atoll/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Johnston_Atoll/about.html|title=About the Refuge - Johnston Atoll - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|website=www.fws.gov|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-date=26 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126132014/https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Johnston_Atoll/about.html|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Baker_island/about.html|title=About the Refuge - Baker Island - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|website=www.fws.gov|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814034515/https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Baker_island/about.html|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Howland_Island/about.html|title=About the Refuge - Howland Island - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|website=www.fws.gov|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102003233/https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Howland_Island/about.html|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.intltravelnews.com/2010/06/rare-tour-to-wake-island|title=Rare tour to Wake Island|website=www.intltravelnews.com|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-date=19 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819182517/https://www.intltravelnews.com/2010/06/rare-tour-to-wake-island|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Jarvis_Island/about.html|title=About the Refuge - Jarvis Island - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|website=www.fws.gov|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023112425/https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Jarvis_Island/about.html|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Navassa_Island/visit/plan_your_visit.html|title=Plan Your Visit - Navassa Island - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|website=www.fws.gov|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-date=21 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621214054/https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Navassa_Island/visit/plan_your_visit.html|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Palmyra_Atoll/visit/plan_your_visit.html|title=Plan Your Visit - Palmyra Atoll - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|website=www.fws.gov|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205113855/https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Palmyra_Atoll/visit/plan_your_visit.html|url-status=dead}}

Islands and atolls

colspan="10" \| North Pacific Ocean, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
class="wikitable sortable col2right col3right" ! Atoll or island ! Island{{br}}area{{br}}({{km2}}) ! Lagoon{{br}}({{km2}}) ! Coordinates ! NWR{{br}}established ! Acquired ! FIPS{{br}}Code{{efn-ua\|Each island (except for Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank) has a unique FIPS (INCITS) code treating it as a county-equivalent for statistical purposes; "74" is the state-level code for the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands.{{Cite web\|url=http://www.statoids.com/uum.html\|title=United States Minor Outlying Islands Territories\|website=www.statoids.com\|access-date=8 July 2018\|archive-date=30 January 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130185002/http://www.statoids.com/uum.html\|url-status=live}}{{Cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/fhir/valueset-fips-county.html \|title=Valueset-fips-county - FHIR v3.0.1 \|access-date=2018-07-08 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707093410/http://www.hl7.org/fhir/valueset-fips-county.html \|archive-date=2018-07-07 \|url-status=dead }}}} ! GEC{{efn-ua\|GEC stands for "Geopolitical Entities and Codes", a coding system superseding the FIPS 10-4 codes; the codes (such as FQ for Baker Island) treat each island as if it were a country.{{Cite web\|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-d.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404013148/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-d.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=4 April 2015\|title=Appendix D :: Cross-Reference List of Country Data Codes — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency\|website=www.cia.gov}}}}
style="background: #FFF" \| Midway Atoll	6.2{{cite web \|url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2022/countries/united-states-pacific-island-wildlife-refuges \|title = United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges \|date = 22 Dec 2022 \|website = cia.gov \|access-date = 19 Jan 2024}}	40	{{coord\|28\|13\|N\|177\|22\|W\|type:isle_region:US-UM\|name=Midway Atoll}}	1988 Apr 22{{cite web \|url=http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/EO.htm#eo13022 \|title=Executive Order 13022: Administration of the Midway Islands \|publisher=United States Fish and Wildlife Service \|access-date=2011-06-10 \|archive-date=24 December 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225956/https://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/EO.htm#eo13022 \|url-status=dead }}	1867 Aug 28	74300	MQ
colspan="10" \| North Pacific Ocean, scattered isolated islands
style="background: #FFF" \| Wake Island{{efn-ua\|Claimed by the Marshall Islands.}}	6.5{{cite web \|url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/wake-island/ \|title = Wake Island \|date = 17 Jan 2024 \|website = cia.gov \|access-date = 19 Jan 2024}}	6	{{coord\|19\|18\|N\|166\|38\|E\|type:isle_region:US-UM\|name=Wake Island}}	2009 Jan 16{{cite web \|url=http://www.fws.gov/pacificremoteislandsmarinemonument/PP%20PRIMNM.pdf \|title=Presidential Proclamation 8336 \|access-date=2011-06-10 \|archive-date=24 December 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225950/https://www.fws.gov/pacificremoteislandsmarinemonument/PP%20PRIMNM.pdf%20 \|url-status=dead }}{{cite web \|url=http://fdsys.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2009-01-12/pdf/WCPD-2009-01-12.pdf \|title=Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents: Monday, January 12, 2009 Volume 45—Number 1, Page 14 \|publisher=United States Government Printing Office \|access-date=2011-06-10 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301125355/http://fdsys.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2009-01-12/pdf/WCPD-2009-01-12.pdf \|archive-date=March 1, 2009 \|url-status=dead \|df=mdy-all }}	1899 Jan 17	74450	WQ
style="background: #FFF" \| Johnston Atoll	2.6	130	{{coord\|16\|45\|N\|169\|31\|W\|type:isle_region:US-UM\|name=Johnston Atoll}}	1926 Jun 29{{cite web \|url=http://www.doi.gov/oia/Islandpages/johnstonpage.htm \|title=Office of Insular Affairs: Johnston Island - History \|publisher=United States Department of the Interior \|access-date=2011-06-10 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314031716/http://www.doi.gov/oia/Islandpages/johnstonpage.htm \|archive-date=2012-03-14 \|url-status=dead }}	1859 Sep 6	74200	JQ
colspan="10" \| North Pacific Ocean, Northern Line Islands
style="background: #FFF" \| Kingman Reef	0.01	76	{{coord\|6\|24\|N\|162\|24\|W\|type:isle_region:US-UM\|name=Kingman Reef}}	2001 Jan 18{{cite web \|url=http://elips.doi.gov/app_so/act_getfiles.cfm?order_number=3223 \|title=Department of the Interior: Secretary's Order #3223 \|publisher=United States Department of the Interior \|access-date=2011-06-10 \|archive-date=7 January 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107150100/https://www.doi.gov/elips/browse \|url-status=dead }}	1860 Feb 8	74250	KQ
style="background: #FFF" \| Palmyra Atoll{{efn-ua\|name=Hawaii\|Previously claimed by Hawaii when independent. Palmyra Atoll was officially a part of the Hawaii Territory until 1959, when Hawaii became a U.S. state.}}	3.9	15	{{coord\|5\|53\|N\|162\|05\|W\|type:isle_region:US-UM\|name=Palmyra Atoll}}	2001 Jan 18{{cite web \|url=http://elips.doi.gov/app_so/act_getfiles.cfm?order_number=3224 \|title=Department of the Interior: Secretary's Order #3224 \|publisher=United States Department of the Interior \|access-date=2011-06-10 \|archive-date=5 January 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105215036/https://www.doi.gov/elips/browse \|url-status=dead }}	1912 Feb 21	74400	LQ
colspan="10" \| North Pacific Ocean, Northern Phoenix Islands
style="background: #FFF" \| Howland Island	2.6	–	{{coord\|0\|48\|N\|176\|37\|W\|type:isle_region:US-UM\|name=Howland Island}}	1974 Jun 27	1856 Oct 28	74100	HQ
style="background: #FFF" \| Baker Island	2.1	–	{{coord\|0\|12\|N\|176\|29\|W\|type:isle_region:US-UM\|name=Baker Island}}	1974 Jun 27	1856 Oct 28	74050	FQ
colspan="10" \| South Pacific Ocean, Central Line Islands
style="background: #FFF" \| Jarvis Island	5.0	–	{{coord\|0\|22\|S\|160\|01\|W\|type:isle_region:US-UM\|name=Jarvis Island}}	1974 Jun 27	1856 Oct 28	74150	DQ
colspan="10" \| Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles
style="background: #FFF" \| Navassa Island{{efn-ua\|Claimed by Haiti.}}	5.4{{cite web \|url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/navassa-island/ \|title = Navassa Island \|date = 17 Jan 2024 \|website = cia.gov \|access-date = 19 Jan 2024}}	–	{{coord\|18\|24\|N\|75\|01\|W\|type:isle_region:US-UM\|name=Navassa Island}}	1999 Dec 3{{cite web \|url=http://elips.doi.gov/elips/sec_orders/html_orders/3210.htm \|title=Department of the Interior: Secretary's Order #3210 \|publisher=United States Department of the Interior \|access-date=2011-06-10 \|archive-date=24 December 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225944/https://www.doi.gov/elips/browse \|url-status=dead }}	1858 Oct 31	74350	BQ
colspan="10" \| Caribbean Sea, scattered isolated islets
style="background: #FFF" \| Bajo Nuevo Bank{{efn-ua\|Administered by Colombia, also claimed by Jamaica, not included in the ISO list of territories; its area is not included in the total.}}	0.02	155	{{coord\|15\|53\|N\|78\|38\|W\|type:isle\|name=Bajo Nuevo Bank}}		1869 Nov 22	(none)	(none)
style="background: #FFF" \| Serranilla Bank{{efn-ua\|Administered by Colombia, also claimed by Honduras and Jamaica, not included in the ISO list of territories; its area is not included in the total.}}	0.02	1200	{{coord\|15\|50\|N\|79\|50\|W\|type:isle\|name=Serranilla Bank}}		1879 Sep 8{{br}}1880 Sep 13	(none)	(none)
style="background: #DDD" \| U.S. Minor Outlying Islands	34.3	267

Transportation

File:Howland island nasa.jpg]]

= Airports =

Airports in the United States Minor Outlying Islands provide critical emergency landing points across the vast Pacific Ocean for all aircraft types, allow for important military presence in key strategic zones, and have limited scheduled commercial services. The following is a list of island airports with ICAO (IATA) codes:

PLPA: Palmyra (Cooper) Airport, Cooper Island, Palmyra Atoll
PMDY (MDY): Henderson Field, Sand Island, Midway Atoll
PWAK (AWK): Wake Island Airfield, Wake Island

Other airports include:

Johnston Atoll Airport, Johnston Atoll (Formerly PJON/JON): The airport was built during WWII and saw significant commercial traffic during the second half of the 20th century. However, it was abandoned in 2003.{{cite web |title=Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields: Western Pacific Islands |url=https://www.airfieldsfreeman.com/HI/Airfields_W_Pacific.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904085953/http://www.airfields-freeman.com/HI/Airfields_W_Pacific.htm |archive-date=September 4, 2014 |access-date=September 17, 2014}}
Kamakaiwi Field: Howland Island (from 1937 to about 1945){{cite web |title=Search results |url=http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=any&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=/earhart&CISOBOX1=Richard |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120022402/http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=any&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=%2Fearhart&CISOBOX1=Richard |archive-date=2013-01-20 |access-date=2011-06-10 |work=e-Archives |publisher=Purdue University Libraries}}
Kingman Reef: The lagoon was used as a halfway station between Hawaii and American Samoa by Pan American Airways for flying boats in 1937 and 1938.{{cite web |date=2002 |title=Kingman Reef |url=http://www.faqs.org/docs/factbook/print/kq.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011201851/http://www.faqs.org/docs/factbook/print/kq.html |archive-date=11 October 2008 |access-date=2011-06-10 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=FAQs.org}}

= Seaports =

Three of the islands are listed with ports in the World Port Index,{{cite web |title=NGA.mil |url=http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/maritime/?epi_menuItemID=dab63a42518d786b6058eef03227a759&epi_menuID=35ad5b8aabcefa1a0fc133443927a759&epi_baseMenuID=e106a3b5e50edce1fec24fd73927a759 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924094737/http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/maritime/?epi_menuItemID=dab63a42518d786b6058eef03227a759&epi_menuID=35ad5b8aabcefa1a0fc133443927a759&epi_baseMenuID=e106a3b5e50edce1fec24fd73927a759 |archive-date=September 24, 2009 |publisher=National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency}} with World Port Number:

56325 JOHNSTON ATOLL: Johnston Atoll
56328 MIDWAY ISLAND: Midway Atoll
56330 WAKE ISLAND: Wake Island
not listed WEST LAGOON: Palmyra Atoll

Baker Island, Howland Island, and Jarvis Island each have small boat landing places. Kingman Reef and Navassa Island only have offshore anchorages.

Flora and fauna

References

External links

[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/US_minor.html WorldStatesmen – U.S.]
[http://www.fws.gov/coralreef/proceedings/Day%202%20PDF/9-Jim%20Maragos.pdf Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530233038/https://www.fws.gov/coralreef/proceedings/Day%202%20PDF/9-Jim%20Maragos.pdf |date=30 May 2020 }}
[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states-pacific-island-wildlife-refuges/ CIA World Factbook: United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges]

Category:Dependent territories in the Caribbean

Category:Dependent territories in Oceania

Category:English-speaking countries and territories

Category:Insular areas of the United States