United States racial unrest (2020–2023)

{{main|Racism against African Americans|Racism in the United States}}

=== Police brutality in the United States ===

{{further|Police brutality in the United States|Lists of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States|Crime in the United States|Race and crime in the United States|Race and the war on drugs|Race in the United States criminal justice system}}

Cases of fatal use of force by law enforcement officers{{cite news |access-date=29 May 2024 |title=The Counted: People killed by police in the US|work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2015/jun/01/the-counted-police-killings-us-database}} in the United States, particularly against African Americans, have long led the civil rights movement and other activists to protest against the lack of police accountability in incidents involving excessive force. Many protests during the civil rights movement were a response to police brutality, including the 1965 Watts riots which resulted in the deaths of 34 people, mostly African Americans.{{cite book|last1=Hinton|first1=Elizabeth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ATS6CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA69|title=From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America|date=2016|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-73723-5|pages=68–72}} The largest post-civil rights movement protest in the 20th-century was the 1992 Los Angeles riots, which were in response to the acquittal of police officers in using excessive force against Rodney King, an African-American man.{{cite web|date=April 26, 2012|title=Los Angeles riots: Remember the 63 people who died |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/04/los-angeles-riots-remember-the-63-people-who-died-.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501180546/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/04/los-angeles-riots-remember-the-63-people-who-died-.html |archive-date=1 May 2012 }}

In 2014, the shooting of Michael Brown by police in Ferguson, Missouri, resulted in local protests and unrest and the killing of Eric Garner in New York City resulted in numerous national protests. After Eric Garner and George Floyd repeatedly said "I can't breathe" during their arrests, the phrase became a protest slogan against police brutality. In 2015, the killing of Freddie Gray by Baltimore police resulted in riots in the city and nationwide protests as part of the Black Lives Matter movement.{{cite web|last=Luibrand|first=Shannon|date=August 7, 2015|title=Black Lives Matter: How the events in Ferguson sparked a movement in America|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-the-black-lives-matter-movement-changed-america-one-year-later/ |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624181634/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-the-black-lives-matter-movement-changed-america-one-year-later/|archive-date=June 24, 2016|access-date=December 18, 2016|work=CBS News}} Several nationally publicized incidents occurred in Minnesota, including the 2015 killing of Jamar Clark in Minneapolis; the 2016 killing of Philando Castile in Falcon Heights;{{cite news|last1=Ellis|first1=Ralph|last2=Kirkos|first2=Bill|date=June 16, 2017|title=Officer who shot Philando Castile found not guilty|website=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/16/us/philando-castile-trial-verdict/index.html|access-date=May 30, 2020}} and the 2017 killing of Justine Damond. In 2016, Tony Timpa was killed by Dallas police officers in the same way as George Floyd.{{cite news|last=Miller|first=Trace|date=June 1, 2020|title='This Rage That You Hear Is Real': On the Ground at the Dallas Protests|work=D Magazine|url=https://www.dmagazine.com/frontburner/2020/06/this-rage-that-you-hear-is-real-on-the-ground-at-the-dallas-protests/}} In March 2020, the killing of Breonna Taylor by police, potentially serving a no-knock warrant, at her Kentucky apartment was also widely publicized.{{cite news|last=Haines|first=Errin|date=May 11, 2020|title=Family seeks answers in fatal police shooting of Louisville woman in her apartment|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/11/family-seeks-answers-fatal-police-shooting-louisville-woman-her-apartment/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524113033/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/11/family-seeks-answers-fatal-police-shooting-louisville-woman-her-apartment/|archive-date=May 24, 2020|newspaper=The Washington Post}}

According to a database of every fatal shooting by an on-duty police officer in the United States compiled by The Washington Post, 18 unarmed black people were shot by police in 2020, as of May 2023. As of that date, the database lists four people of unknown race, 26 white people, 10 Hispanic people, one Asian person, and one Native American person who were shot while unarmed.{{Cite news|title=Fatal Force: Police shootings database|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/police-shootings-database/|access-date=September 1, 2020|newspaper=The Washington Post|language=en}} Black people, who account for less than 13 percent of the American population, are killed by police at a disproportionate rate, being killed at more than twice the rate of white people.

File:Georgia Army National Guardsmen and 170th Military Police (MP) Battalion in Stone Mountain, Georgia 2020.jpg during violent protests in Stone Mountain, Georgia on August 15, 2020{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/15/georgia-stone-mountain-park-confederate-rightwing-rally-close |work=The Guardian |title=Georgia: fights break out during protest near Confederate memorial|date=August 15, 2020|access-date=November 27, 2020}}]]

According to a data set and analysis which was released by the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) at the beginning of September, there were more than 10,600 demonstration events across the country between May 24 and August 22 which were associated with all causes: Black Lives Matter, counter-protests, COVID-19-pandemic-related protests, and others.{{cite report|url=https://acleddata.com/2020/09/03/demonstrations-political-violence-in-america-new-data-for-summer-2020/|title=Demonstrations & Political Violence in America: New Data for Summer 2020|last1=Kishi|first1=Roudabeh|last2=Jones|first2=Sam|date=September 3, 2020|publisher=Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project}} After Floyd's murder, Black Lives Matter related protests sharply peaked in number at the end of May, declining to dozens per week by September. The ACLED characterized Black Lives Matter as "an overwhelmingly peaceful movement", finding that more than 93 percent of protests involved no incidents of violence nor destructive activity.{{cite web|last=Craig|first=Tim|title='The United States is in crisis': Report tracks thousands of summer protests, most nonviolent|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/the-united-states-is-in-crisis-report-tracks-thousands-of-summer-protests-most-nonviolent/2020/09/03/b43c359a-edec-11ea-99a1-71343d03bc29_story.html|via=www.washingtonpost.com}} Several other studies and analyses also found that the large majority of protests have been peaceful.{{cite news|last1=Chenoweth|first1=Erica|last2=Pressman|first2=Jeremy|title=This summer's Black Lives Matter protesters were overwhelmingly peaceful, our research finds|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/10/16/this-summers-black-lives-matter-protesters-were-overwhelming-peaceful-our-research-finds/|access-date=October 23, 2020|issn=0190-8286|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}{{cite web|last1=Hauck|first1=Grace|last2=Hughes|first2=Trevor|last3=Abdel-Baqui|first3=Omar|last4=Torres|first4=Ricardo|last5=Gardner|first5=Hayes|date=October 24, 2020|title='A fanciful reality': Trump claims Black Lives Matter protests are violent, but the majority are peaceful|url=https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/nation/2020/10/24/trump-claims-blm-protests-violent-but-majority-peaceful/3640564001/|url-status=live|access-date=April 25, 2021|website=USA Today|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024142345/https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/nation/2020/10/24/trump-claims-blm-protests-violent-but-majority-peaceful/3640564001/ |archive-date=October 24, 2020 }}{{cite web|last1=Udoma|first1=Ebong|title=UConn Study: At Least 96% of Black Lives Matter Protests Were Peaceful|url=https://www.wshu.org/post/uconn-study-least-96-black-lives-matter-protests-were-peaceful|access-date=October 23, 2020|website=www.wshu.org|date=October 19, 2020}}{{cite web|title=False 'thug' narratives have long been used to discredit movements|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/not-accident-false-thug-narratives-have-long-been-used-discredit-n1240509|access-date=October 23, 2020|website=NBC News|date=September 27, 2020 }} In protests that were violent, violence was variously instigated by protesters, counter-protesters, or police, and police sometimes escalated violence.{{cite web|last1=Buford|first1=Talia|last2=Waldron|first2=Lucas|last3=Syed|first3=Moiz|last4=Shaw|first4=Al|date=July 16, 2020|title=We Reviewed Police Tactics Seen in Nearly 400 Protest Videos. Here's What We Found.|url=https://projects.propublica.org/protest-police-tactics|url-status=live|access-date=April 26, 2021|website=ProPublica|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716113859/https://projects.propublica.org/protest-police-tactics/ |archive-date=July 16, 2020 }} A September 2020 article in Axios reported that the vandalism and looting that did occur would result in at least $1{{Nbsp}}billion to $2{{Nbsp}}billion of paid insurance claims. The 2020 unrest cost the insurance industry far more than any prior incidents of social unrest.{{cite web |last1=Kingson |first1=Jennifer A. |title=Exclusive: $1 billion-plus riot damage is most expensive in insurance history |url=https://www.axios.com/2020/09/16/riots-cost-property-damage |website=Axios |date=September 16, 2020 |access-date=29 May 2024 }}

At some protests, counter-protesters and right-wing infiltrators{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Judy L.|date=September 2, 2020|title=Far-right extremists keep showing up at BLM protests. Are they behind the violence?|newspaper=The Kansas City Star|url=https://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article243553662.html |access-date=29 May 2024 }}{{cite web|last=Longobardo|first=Marco|date=May 30, 2020|title=Far-Right Infiltrators and Agitators in George Floyd Protests: Indicators of White Supremacists|url=https://www.justsecurity.org/70497/far-right-infiltrators-and-agitators-in-george-floyd-protests-indicators-of-white-supremacists/|publisher=Justsecurity.org|access-date=2022-01-07}}{{cite news|date=August 24, 2021|title=Proud Boys leader sentenced for burning stolen Black Lives Matter flag - BBC News|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58312254|access-date=2022-01-07}} instigated or escalated violence. According to a Movement for Black Lives report, the US federal government targeted Black Lives Matter protesters during the summer of 2020 through increased police presence, the deployment of federal agents, the prosecution of protesters, and surveillance.{{cite web|date=2021-08-18|title=Movement for Black Lives: Feds targeted BLM protesters |first=Kat |last=Stafford |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-death-of-george-floyd-health-race-and-ethnicity-racial-injustice-07a91fd5c210f8b809d019292c3ec0c0|access-date=2021-10-06|website=Associated Press |language=en}}{{cite web|last=Spencer|first=Christian|date=2021-08-19|title=New report says US government deliberately targeted Black Lives Matter|url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/respect/equality/568624-new-report-says-us-government-deliberately-targeted-black|access-date=2021-10-06|website=The Hill |language=en}} According to Amnesty International's October 2020 report Losing the Peace: U.S. Police Failures to Protect Protesters from Violence, law enforcement agencies across the United States failed to protect protesters from violent armed groups. The incidents documented by Amnesty International show over a dozen protests and counter-protests erupted in violence with police either mostly, or entirely, absent from the scene.{{cite report|date=October 2020|title=Losing the Peace: U.S. Police Failures to Protect Protesters from Violence|url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Losing-the-Peace-Report.pdf|publisher=Amnesty International|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026012443/https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Losing-the-Peace-Report.pdf|archive-date=October 26, 2020|url-status=live|id=AMR 51/3238/2020}} Amnesty International USA, jointly with the Center for Civilians in Conflict, Human Rights Watch, Physicians for Human Rights, and Human Rights First, sent a letter to governors of US states condemning abuses by law enforcement agencies and calling on governors to ensure the constitutional right to assemble peacefully.{{cite press release|date=October 21, 2020|title=Protect Peaceful Assemblies; Limit Use of Force|url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/press-releases/protect-peaceful-assemblies-limit-use-of-force/|url-status=live|publisher=Amnesty International|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106100627/https://www.amnestyusa.org/press-releases/protect-peaceful-assemblies-limit-use-of-force/|archive-date=November 6, 2020}}{{cite web|last1=i_beebe|access-date=November 12, 2020|title=Civil rights activists question NYPD preparation for protests|url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/politics/new-york-city/civil-rights-activists-question-nypd-preparation-protests.html|date=November 2, 2020|website=CSNY}}

{{main|Killing of Breonna Taylor}}

Breonna Taylor, a 26-year-old emergency medical technician, was fatally shot by Louisville Metro Police Department (LMPD) officers Jonathan Mattingly, Brett Hankison, and Myles Cosgrove on March 13, 2020. Three plainclothes LMPD officers entered her apartment in Louisville, Kentucky, executing a search warrant. Gunfire was exchanged between Taylor's boyfriend, Kenneth Walker, and the officers. Walker said that he believed that the officers were intruders. The LMPD officers fired over twenty shots. Taylor was shot eight times{{Cite news|last3=Bailey|first1=Tessa |last1=Duvall |first2=Darcy |last2=Costello |first3=Phillip M.|date=May 14, 2020|title=Senator Kamala Harris demands federal investigation of police shooting of Breonna Taylor in Kentucky|website=USA Today|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/05/13/breonna-taylor-not-target-louisville-police-investigation-when-shot/5181690002/|url-status=live|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513171606/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/05/13/breonna-taylor-not-target-louisville-police-investigation-when-shot/5181690002/|archive-date=May 13, 2020}} and LMPD Sergeant Jonathan Mattingly was injured by gunfire.{{cite news|last1=Wise|first1=John|date=March 13, 2020|title=Officers, suspect involved in deadly confrontation identified|url=https://www.wave3.com/2020/03/13/officers-suspect-involved-deadly-confrontation-identified/|url-status=live|access-date=May 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530084329/https://www.wave3.com/2020/03/13/officers-suspect-involved-deadly-confrontation-identified/|archive-date=May 30, 2020|quote=Sgt. Jon Mattingly, who has been with LMPD since 2000, also was struck by gunfire. He's expected to survive.}} Another police officer and an LMPD lieutenant were on the scene when the warrant was executed.{{cite news |first1=Darcy |last1=Costello |first2=Tessa |last2=Duvall |url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/metro-government/2020/05/16/breonna-taylor-shooting-what-we-know-louisville-police-officers-involved/5200879002/ |title=Who are the 3 Louisville officers involved in the Breonna Taylor shooting? What we know |work=Louisville Courier Journal |orig-date=May 16, 2020 |date=June 20, 2020}}

The primary targets of the LMPD investigation were Jamarcus Glover and Adrian Walker, who were suspected of selling controlled substances from a drug house more than {{convert|10|mi|km}} away.{{Cite news|last1=Duvall|first1=Tessa|last2=Costello|first2=Darcy|date=May 12, 2020|title=Senator Kamala Harris demands federal investigation of police shooting of Breonna Taylor in Kentucky|work=Louisville Courier Journal|url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/2020/05/12/breonna-taylor-louisville-emt-not-main-target-drug-investigation/3115928001/}}{{Cite news|last=Duvall|first=Tessa|date=June 16, 2020|title=FACT CHECK: 7 widely shared inaccuracies in the fatal police shooting of Breonna Taylor|website=The Courier-Journal|url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/crime/2020/06/16/breonna-taylor-fact-check-7-rumors-wrong/5326938002/|access-date=June 16, 2020}} According to a Taylor family attorney, Glover had dated Taylor two years before and continued to have a "passive friendship". The search warrant included Taylor's residence because it was suspected that Glover received packages containing drugs at Taylor's apartment and because a car registered to Taylor had been seen parked on several occasions in front of Glover's house.{{cite news|last1=Burke|first1=Minyvonne|date=May 13, 2020|title=Breonna Taylor police shooting: What we know about the Kentucky woman's death|work=NBC News|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/breonna-taylor-police-shooting-what-we-know-about-kentucky-woman-n1207841|url-status=live|access-date=May 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530083219/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/breonna-taylor-police-shooting-what-we-know-about-kentucky-woman-n1207841|archive-date=May 30, 2020|quote=Her address was listed on the search warrant based on police's belief that Glover had used her apartment to receive mail, keep drugs or stash money. The warrant also stated that a car registered to Taylor had been seen parked on several occasions in front of a "drug house" known to Glover.}}{{Cite podcast|date=September 10, 2020|title=The Killing of Breonna Taylor, Part 2|language=en-US|publisher=The New York Times |work=The Daily |host=Michael Barbaro |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/10/podcasts/the-daily/Breonna-Taylor.html|access-date=September 13, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}

Kenneth Walker, who was licensed to carry a firearm, fired first, injuring a law enforcement officer, whereupon police returned fire into the apartment with more than 20 rounds. A wrongful death lawsuit filed against the police by the Taylor family's attorney alleges that the officers, who entered Taylor's home "without knocking and without announcing themselves as police officers", opened fire "with a total disregard for the value of human life;" however, according to the police account, the officers did knock and announce themselves before forcing entry.{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Minyvonne|date=May 13, 2020|title=Woman shot and killed by Kentucky police who entered wrong home, family says|work=NBC News|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/black-woman-shot-killed-after-kentucky-police-entered-her-home-n1205651|url-status=live|access-date=May 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514023418/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/black-woman-shot-killed-after-kentucky-police-entered-her-home-n1205651|archive-date=May 14, 2020}}{{Cite news|last=Brito|first=Christopher|date=May 15, 2020|title=Family sues after 26-year-old EMT is shot and killed by police in her own home|work=CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/breonna-taylor-black-women-killed-asleep-louisville-police-family-sues/|url-status=live|access-date=May 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515003416/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/breonna-taylor-black-women-killed-asleep-louisville-police-family-sues/|archive-date=May 15, 2020}}

With officials, media and general public distracted by COVID-19 pandemic, the police killing of Taylor initially largely escaped widespread scrutiny.{{Cite news |title=Breonna Taylor shooting: hunt for answers in case of Black woman killed by police|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/14/breonna-taylor-louisville-police-shooting-kentucky |last=Wood |first=Josh |date=May 14, 2020 |website=The Guardian |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514205341/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/14/breonna-taylor-louisville-police-shooting-kentucky|archive-date=May 14, 2020|access-date=May 15, 2020}} However, Taylor's death became one of the most discussed and protested events of the broader movement.

{{Main|Murder of George Floyd}}

On May 25, 2020, at 8:08{{nbsp}}p.m. CDT,{{cite news|last1=Ries|first1=Brian|date=June 2, 2020|title=8 notable details in the criminal complaint against ex-Minneapolis Police Officer Derek Chauvin|website=cnn.com|publisher=Cable News Network|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/29/us/derek-chauvin-criminal-complaint-trnd/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=May 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529212019/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/29/us/derek-chauvin-criminal-complaint-trnd/index.html|archive-date=May 29, 2020}} Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) officers responded to a 9-1-1 call alleging a "forgery in progress" on Chicago Avenue South in Powderhorn, Minneapolis. MPD Officers Thomas K. Lane and J. Alexander Kueng arrived with their body cameras turned on. A store employee told officers that the man was in a nearby car. Officers approached the car and ordered George Floyd, a 46-year-old African-American man, who according to police "appeared to be under the influence", to exit the vehicle, at which point he "physically resisted". According to the MPD, officers "were able to get the suspect into handcuffs, and noted he appeared to be suffering medical distress. Officers called for an ambulance." Once Floyd was handcuffed, he and Officer Lane walked to the sidewalk. Floyd sat on the ground in Officer Lane's direction. In a short conversation, the officer asked Floyd for his name and identification, explaining that he was being arrested for passing counterfeit currency, and asked if he was "on anything". According to the report, officers Kueng and Lane attempted to help Floyd to their squad car, but at 8:14 p.m., Floyd stiffened up and fell to the ground. Soon, MPD Officers Derek Chauvin and Tou Thao arrived in a separate squad car. The officers made several more failed attempts to get Floyd into the squad car.{{cite web|author1=Michelle M Frascone|author2=Amy Sweasy|date=May 29, 2020|title=State of Minnesota v. Derek Michael Chauvin|url=https://www.hennepinattorney.org/-/media/Attorney/Derek-Chauvin-Criminal-Complaint.pdf|access-date=September 13, 2020|archive-date=May 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530173331/https://www.hennepinattorney.org/-/media/Attorney/Derek-Chauvin-Criminal-Complaint.pdf}}

Floyd, who was still handcuffed, went to the ground face down. Officer Kueng held Floyd's back, and Lane held his legs. Chauvin placed his left knee in the area of Floyd's head and neck. A Facebook Live livestream recorded by a bystander showed officer Derek Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck.{{cite news|last1=Hauser|first1=Christine|date=May 26, 2020|title=F.B.I. to Investigate Arrest of Black Man Who Died After Being Pinned by Officer|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/26/us/minneapolis-police-man-died.html|url-status=live|access-date=May 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526143016/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/26/us/minneapolis-police-man-died.html|archive-date=May 26, 2020}}{{cite news|last1=Dakss|first1=Brian|date=May 26, 2020|title=Video shows Minneapolis cop with knee on neck of motionless, moaning man who later died|work=CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/minneapolis-police-fatal-arrest-officer-kneeling-neck-man-died/|url-status=live|access-date=May 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526153154/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/minneapolis-police-fatal-arrest-officer-kneeling-neck-man-died/|archive-date=May 26, 2020}} Floyd repeatedly tells Chauvin "Please" and "I can't breathe", while a bystander is heard telling the police officer, "You got him down. Let him breathe."{{cite news|last1=Nawaz|first1=Amna|date=May 26, 2020|title=What we know about George Floyd's death in Minneapolis police custody|work=PBS Newshour|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/what-we-know-about-george-floyds-death-in-minneapolis-police-custody|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527171813/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/what-we-know-about-george-floyds-death-in-minneapolis-police-custody|archive-date=May 27, 2020}} After some time, a bystander points out that Floyd was bleeding from his nose while another bystander tells the police that Floyd is "not even resisting arrest right now", to which the police tell the bystanders that Floyd was "talking, he's fine". A bystander replies saying Floyd "ain't fine". A bystander then protests that the police were preventing Floyd from breathing, urging them to "get him off the ground ... You could have put him in the car by now. He's not resisting arrest or nothing." Floyd then goes silent and motionless. Chauvin does not remove his knee until an ambulance arrives. Emergency medical services put Floyd on a stretcher. Not only had Chauvin knelt on Floyd's neck for about seven minutes (including four minutes after Floyd stopped moving), but another video showed an additional two officers had also knelt on Floyd while another officer watched.{{cite news|last1=Montgomery|first1=Blake|date=May 27, 2020|title=Black Lives Matter Protests Over George Floyd's Death Spread Across the Country|work=The Daily Beast|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/black-lives-matter-protests-over-george-floyds-death-spread-to-houston-chicago-los-angeles-memphis|access-date=May 28, 2020|quote=Floyd, 46, died after a white Minneapolis police officer, Derek Chauvin, kneeled on his neck for at least seven minutes while handcuffing him.}}{{cite news|last=Murphy|first=Paul P.|date=May 29, 2020|title=New video appears to show three police officers kneeling on George Floyd|language=en|website=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/29/us/george-floyd-new-video-officers-kneel-trnd/index.html|access-date=May 30, 2020}}

Although the police report stated that medical services were requested prior to the time Floyd was placed in handcuffs,{{cite web|title=Investigative Update on Critical Incident|url=https://www.insidempd.com/2020/05/26/man-dies-after-medical-incident-during-police-interaction/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526121443/https://www.insidempd.com/2020/05/26/man-dies-after-medical-incident-during-police-interaction/|archive-date=May 26, 2020|access-date=June 28, 2020|website=Minneapolis police}} according to the Minneapolis Star Tribune, Emergency Medical Services arrived at the scene six minutes after getting the call.{{cite web|last1=Sawyer|first1=Liz|title=George Floyd showed no signs of life from time EMS arrived, fire department report says|date=28 May 2020 |url=https://www.startribune.com/first-responders-worked-nearly-an-hour-to-save-floyd-before-he-was-pronounced-dead/570806682/|access-date=June 28, 2020|website=Minneapolis Tribune}} Medics were unable to detect a pulse, and Floyd was pronounced dead at the hospital.{{cite web|last=Steinbuch|first=Yaron|date=May 28, 2020|title=First responders tried to save George Floyd's life for almost an hour|url=https://nypost.com/2020/05/28/george-floyd-showed-no-signs-of-life-en-route-to-hospital/|access-date=May 29, 2020|website=New York Post|language=en}} An autopsy of Floyd was conducted on May 26, and the next day, the preliminary report by the Hennepin County Medical Examiner's Office was published, which found "no physical findings that support a diagnosis of traumatic asphyxia or strangulation". Floyd's underlying health conditions included coronary artery disease and hypertensive heart disease. The initial report said that "[t]he combined effects of Mr. Floyd being restrained by the police, his underlying health conditions and any potential intoxicants in his system likely contributed to his death."{{cite web|last=Soellner|first=Mica|date=May 29, 2020|title=Medical examiner concludes George Floyd didn't die of asphyxia|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/medical-examiner-concludes-george-floyd-didnt-die-of-asphyxia|access-date=May 29, 2020|website=Washington Examiner|language=en}} The medical examiner further said that Floyd was "high on fentanyl and had recently used methamphetamine at the time of his death".{{Cite news|last=Wilson|first=Jim|date=June 2, 2020|title=Competing autopsies say Floyd's death was a homicide, but differ on causes.|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/01/us/floyd-protests-live.html|url-status=live|access-date=June 2, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200602060417/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/01/us/floyd-protests-live.html |archive-date=June 2, 2020|quote=The medical examiner also cited significant contributing conditions, saying that Mr. Floyd suffered from heart disease, and he was also high on fentanyl and had used methamphetamine at the time of his death.}}

On May 26, Chauvin and the other three officers were fired.{{cite news|last=Andrew|first=Scottie|date=June 1, 2020|title=Derek Chauvin: What we know about the former officer charged in George Floyd's death|work=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/01/us/derek-chauvin-what-we-know-trnd/index.html}} He was charged with third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter;{{cite news|date=May 29, 2020|title=Fired Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin, who knelt on George Floyd's neck, arrested|work=The Boston Globe|agency=Associated Press|url=https://www.boston.com/news/national-news-2/2020/05/29/minneapolis-police-officer-derek-chauvin-arrested-george-floyd/ |url-status=live|access-date=May 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530095544/https://www.boston.com/news/national-news-2/2020/05/29/minneapolis-police-officer-derek-chauvin-arrested-george-floyd|archive-date=May 30, 2020}} the former charge was later changed to second-degree murder.{{cite news|last=Madani|first=Doha|date=June 3, 2020|title=3 more Minneapolis officers charged in George Floyd death, Derek Chauvin charges elevated|work=NBC News|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/3-more-minneapolis-officers-charged-george-floyd-death-derek-chauvin-n1222796|url-status=live|access-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603194424/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/3-more-minneapolis-officers-charged-george-floyd-death-derek-chauvin-n1222796|archive-date=June 3, 2020}} On June 1, a private autopsy which was commissioned by the family of Floyd ruled that Floyd's death was a homicide and it also found that Floyd had died due to asphyxiation which resulted from sustained pressure, which conflicted with the original autopsy report which was completed earlier that week.{{cite news|last=Vera|first=Amir|date=June 1, 2020|title=Independent autopsy finds George Floyd's death a homicide due to 'asphyxiation from sustained pressure'|language=en|website=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/01/us/george-floyd-independent-autopsy/index.html|access-date=June 1, 2020}} Shortly after, the official post-mortem declared Floyd's death a homicide.{{Cite news|date=June 1, 2020|title=Floyd death homicide, official post-mortem says|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52886593|access-date=June 1, 2020}} Video footage of Officer Derek Chauvin applying 8 minutes 15 seconds of sustained pressure to Floyd's neck generated global attention and raised questions about the use of force by law enforcement.,{{Cite news|last1=Hill|first1=Evan|last2=Tiefenthäler|first2=Ainara|last3=Triebert|first3=Christiaan|last4=Jordan|first4=Drew|last5=Willis|first5=Haley|last6=Stein|first6=Robin|date=May 31, 2020|title=How George Floyd Was Killed in Police Custody|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/31/us/george-floyd-investigation.html|access-date=June 23, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}

On June 3, Chauvin was charged with unintentional second-degree murder, third-degree murder, and second-degree manslaughter related to the incident, and officers Kueng, Lane, and Thao were charged with aiding and abetting second-degree murder. On April 20, 2021, Chauvin was found guilty of all charges by a 12-person grand jury.{{Cite news|last1=Arango|first1=Tim|last2=Dewan|first2=Shaila|last3=Eligon|first3=John|last4=Bogel-Burroughs|first4=Nicholas|date=2021-04-20|title=Derek Chauvin is found guilty of murdering George Floyd.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/20/us/chauvin-guilty-murder-george-floyd.html|access-date=2021-08-17|issn=0362-4331}} Two months later, on June 25, he was sentenced to 22.5 years in prison. Officers Kueng, Thao, and Thomas entered a plea deal averting trial.

{{further|List of incidents and protests of the United States racial unrest}}

{{main|Shooting of Breonna Taylor|Breonna Taylor protests}}

File:Graph of BLM demonstrations 24 May - 22 August 2020 by ACLED.png-related demonstrations, May 24 – August 22, 2020, data by ACLED[https://acleddata.com/2020/09/03/demonstrations-political-violence-in-america-new-data-for-summer-2020/ Demonstrations & Political Violence In America: New Data For Summer 2020] // Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project]]

On March 13, Breonna Taylor was shot and killed. Demonstrations over her death began on May 26, 2020, and lasted into August.{{cite web|last=Wolfson|first=Andrew|title=Lawyer for protest group seeks to block enforcement of new Louisville police policy|url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2020/08/10/firm-initiative-lawyer-seeks-block-enforcement-protest-crackdown/3336208001/|access-date=August 11, 2020|website=The Courier-Journal|language=en-US}} One person was shot and killed during the protests.{{cite news|date=June 29, 2020|title=Authorities identify suspect in fatal shooting at Jefferson Square Park|publisher=WDRB|url=https://www.wdrb.com/news/authorities-identify-suspect-in-fatal-shooting-at-jefferson-square-park/article_9521ad2e-b968-11ea-8665-7787ba5368d4.html|access-date=June 29, 2020}}

Protest erupted again on September 23, the night after the grand jury verdict was announced, protesters gathered in the Jefferson Square Park area of Louisville, as well as many other cities in the United States, including Los Angeles, Dallas, Minneapolis, New York, Chicago, Seattle.{{Cite news|last1=Callimachi|first1=Rukmini|last2=Bogel-Burroughs|first2=Nicholas|last3=Eligon|first3=John|date=September 24, 2020|title=Breonna Taylor Live Updates: 2 Officers Shot in Louisville Protests|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/23/us/breonna-taylor-decision-verdict.html|access-date=September 24, 2020|issn=0362-4331}} In Louisville, two LMPD officers were shot during the protest and one suspect was kept in custody.{{cite web|last=Yancey-Bragg|first=N'dea|title=Breonna Taylor case: Two police officers shot during protest after officials announce charges; FBI SWAT team at scene|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/09/23/breonna-taylor-announcement-grand-jury-louisville-police-case-updates/5814876002/|access-date=September 24, 2020|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US}}{{cite web|last=Krauth|first=Bailey Loosemore, Emma Austin, Hayes Gardner, Ben Tobin, Sarah Ladd, Mandy McLaren and Olivia|title=LIVE UPDATES: Protesters downtown as 9 p.m. curfew starts, report of officer shot|url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/breonna-taylor/2020/09/23/protesters-say-single-indictment-not-enough-in-breonna-taylor-case/5867127002/|access-date=September 24, 2020|website=The Courier-Journal|language=en-US}}

{{main|Murder of George Floyd|George Floyd protests}}

The major catalyst of the unrest was the murder of George Floyd on May 25. Though it was not the first controversial killing of a black person in 2020,{{Cite news|last=Mahdawi|first=Arwa|date=June 6, 2020|title=We must keep fighting for justice for Breonna Taylor. We must keep saying her name {{!}} Arwa Mahdawi|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/06/we-must-keep-fighting-justice-breonna-taylor-say-her-name|access-date=August 31, 2020|issn=0261-3077}} it sparked a much wider series of global protests and riots which continued into August 2020.{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|date=August 22, 2020|title=George Floyd protests: police declare a riot outside precinct in Portland|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/22/police-portland-oregon-riot-protest|access-date=August 31, 2020|website=the Guardian|language=en}}{{cite web|date=June 11, 2020|title=2020 is not 1968: To understand today's protests, you must look further back|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/06/2020-not-1968/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612141337/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/06/2020-not-1968/|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 12, 2020|access-date=August 31, 2020|website=History & Culture|language=en}} As of June 8, there were at least 19 deaths related to the protests.{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2020/06/08/14-days-of-protests-19-dead/|title=14 Days Of Protests, 19 Dead|first=Jemima|last=McEvoy|website=Forbes|access-date=September 14, 2020}} The George Floyd protests are generally regarded as marking the start of the 2020 United States unrest.

In Minneapolis–Saint Paul alone, the immediate aftermath of the murder of George Floyd was second-most destructive period of local unrest in United States history, after the 1992 Los Angeles riots.{{Cite news|title=Buildings damaged in Minneapolis, St. Paul after riots|url=https://www.startribune.com/minneapolis-st-paul-buildings-are-damaged-looted-after-george-floyd-protests-riots/569930671/|last1=Penrod|first1=Josh|date=June 19, 2020|work=Star Tribune|last2=Sinner|first2=C.J.|last3=Webster|first3=MaryJo}}Braxton, Grey (June 16, 2020). [https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2020-06-16/george-floyd-black-lives-matter-la-riots-1992-documentaries "They documented the '92 L.A. uprising. Here's how the George Floyd movement compares"]. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on July 6, 2020. Over a three night period, the cities experienced two deaths,[https://www.startribune.com/mystery-remains-over-death-outside-pawn-shop-during-mpls-unrest/571426662/ Mystery remains weeks after a pawnshop owner fatally shot a man during Minneapolis unrest] Star Tribune.Jany, Libor (July 20, 2020). [https://www.startribune.com/body-found-in-wreckage-of-mpls-pawn-shop-burned-during-george-floyd-unrest/571838681/ "Authorities: Body found in wreckage of S. Minneapolis pawn shop burned during George Floyd unrest"]. Star Tribune. Retrieved on July 20, 2020. 617 arrests,Lurie, Julia (July 15, 2020). [https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2020/07/weeks-later-500-people-still-face-charges-for-peacefully-protesting-in-minneapolis/ "Weeks Later, 500 People Still Face Charges for Peacefully Protesting in Minneapolis"]. Mother Jones. Retrieved July 17, 2020. and upwards of $500{{nbsp}}million in property damage to 1,500 locations, including 150 properties that were set on fire.{{cite web|title=For riot-damaged Twin Cities businesses, rebuilding begins with donations, pressure on government|url=https://www.startribune.com/twin-cities-rebuilding-begins-with-donations-pressure-on-government/571075592/|access-date=June 14, 2020|website=Star Tribune|date=June 7, 2020 }}

The occupied protest at George Floyd Square was one of the longest in US history.{{Cite news |last1=Wurzer |first1=Cathy |last2=Townsend |first2=Melissa |date=2022-05-25 |title='We are still there holding out for justice:' Marcia Howard on George Floyd Square |work=Minnesota Public Radio |format=Audio |url=https://www.mprnews.org/episode/2022/05/25/we-are-still-there-holding-out-for-justice-marcia-howard-on-george-floyd-square |access-date=2022-05-25}} The street intersection where Floyd was murdered was a continuous site of protest for over two years after his death.{{Cite news |last=Du |first=Susan |date=2022-10-25 |title=Minneapolis plans to purchase George Floyd Square gas station |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/minneapolis-plans-to-purchase-george-floyd-square-gas-station/600218843/ |access-date=2022-10-25}} The protest movement rooted there persisted in 2023.{{Cite news |last=Pan |first=H. Jiahong |date=2023-01-05 |title=New year, new George Floyd Square? |work=Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder |url=https://spokesman-recorder.com/2023/01/05/new-year-new-george-floyd-square/ |access-date=2023-01-24}}

On May 2, 2023, the conclusion of the last criminal case for the four officers responsible for murdering George Floyd fulfilled a key demand of protesters that Minneapolis police officers Chauvin, Kueng, Lane, and Thao all be held legally accountable.{{Cite news |last=Pan |first=H. Jiahong |date=2023-05-02 |title=Final officer in George Floyd murder case convicted of state charges |work=Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder |url=https://spokesman-recorder.com/2023/05/02/final-officer-in-george-floyd-murder-case-convicted-of-state-charges/ |access-date=2023-05-03}}{{Cite news |last1=Hyatt |first1=Kim |last2=Walsh |first2=Paul |date=2023-05-02 |title=Tou Thao, ex-MPD officer charged in George Floyd's killing, found guilty |work=Star Tribune |url=https://www.startribune.com/hennepin-county-tou-thao-mpd-officer-george-floyd-killing-manslaughter-cahill-minneapolis-police/600271709/ |access-date=2023-05-02}}

{{main|Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone}}

Established on June 8 in Seattle, CHAZ/CHOP was a self-declared autonomous zone established protesting the murder of George Floyd after police abandoned the East Precinct building. Groups like the Puget Sound John Brown Gun Club provided security while the protesters themselves provided either resources or assisted the PSJBGC in security. Multiple people were killed in altercations with security{{cite web|url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/29/chop-chaz-shooting-seattle-police-free-zone|title= Seattle: one teen killed and another injured in shooting in police-free zone|website= TheGuardian.com|date= June 29, 2020}}{{cite news|url= https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/20/us/seattle-capitol-hill-chop-chaz-shooting/index.html|title= Shooting in Seattle protest zone leaves one dead. Police say 'violent crowd' denied them entry|publisher= CNN|access-date= October 4, 2020}} and on July 1 the autonomous zone/occupied protest was officially cleared by the Seattle Police Department.

{{main|Kenosha unrest|2020 American athlete strikes}}

{{further|Kenosha unrest shooting}}

The shooting of Jacob Blake on August 23 sparked protests in a number of American cities, mostly within Kenosha.{{cite web|title=In photos: Black Lives Matter organization rallies in Kenosha|url=https://www.kenoshanews.com/news/local/in-photos-black-lives-matter-organization-rallies-in-kenosha/collection_46505f1d-b38c-5029-be26-9269490326df.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827042610/https://www.kenoshanews.com/news/local/in-photos-black-lives-matter-organization-rallies-in-kenosha/collection_46505f1d-b38c-5029-be26-9269490326df.html|archive-date=August 27, 2020|access-date=August 27, 2020|website=Kenosha News|date=August 24, 2020 }} Two protesters were shot and killed in an incident during the protests.{{Cite news|last=Bredderman|first=Pilar Melendez, William|date=August 26, 2020|title=17-Year-Old 'Blue Lives Matter' Fanatic Charged With Murder at Kenosha Protest|language=en|work=The Daily Beast|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/kyle-rittenhouse-17-year-old-suspect-charged-with-murder-after-two-killed-at-kenosha-protest|access-date=August 26, 2020|archive-date=August 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826175611/https://www.thedailybeast.com/kyle-rittenhouse-17-year-old-suspect-charged-with-murder-after-two-killed-at-kenosha-protest|url-status=live}} Nationally, athletes from the NHL, NBA, WNBA, MLB, and MLS began going on strike in response to the police shooting of Jacob Blake.{{cite web |last1=Gretz |first1=Adam |title=NHL players speak on decision to postpone playoff games |url=https://nhl.nbcsports.com/2020/08/27/nhl-players-speak-on-decision-to-postpone-playoff-games/ |publisher=NBC Sports |access-date=September 24, 2020 |date=August 28, 2020}} On October 14, prosecutors announced that Kyle Rittenhouse, who was charged with killing the two protesters, would not face gun charges in Illinois.{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|date=October 14, 2020|title=Teen accused in fatal protest shootings will not face gun charges in Illinois: prosecutors|url=https://www.pennlive.com/nation-world/2020/10/teen-accused-in-protest-shootings-will-not-face-gun-charges-in-illinois-prosecutors.html|access-date=October 14, 2020|website=pennlive|language=en}}

On November 19, 2021, Kyle Rittenhouse was acquitted of all charges related to the incident in Wisconsin.{{cite web|work=Associated Press|date=November 19, 2021|title=Jury finds Rittenhouse not guilty in Kenosha shootings|url=https://apnews.com/article/jury-finds-kyle-rittenhouse-not-guilty-in-kenosha-shootings-27f812ba532d65c044617483c915e4de|access-date=December 7, 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119200154/https://apnews.com/article/jury-finds-kyle-rittenhouse-not-guilty-in-kenosha-shootings-27f812ba532d65c044617483c915e4de |archive-date=November 19, 2021 }}

File:Minneapolis downtown riot in August 2020 Hennepin County Sheriffs Officers.jpg{{main|2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot}}

A riot occurred in downtown Minneapolis in reaction to false rumors about the suicide of Eddie Sole Jr., a 38-year-old African-American man; demonstrators believed he had been shot by police officers.{{cite web|date=August 28, 2020|title=Homicide Suspect Who Shot Self On Nicollet Mall Identified|url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/08/28/homicide-suspect-who-shot-self-on-nicollet-mall-identified/|access-date=August 31, 2020|language=en-US}} Surveillance video showed that Sole Jr. shot himself in the head during a manhunt for a homicide suspect in which he was the person of interest.{{Cite news|last=Levenson|first=Michael|date=August 26, 2020|title=Minneapolis Homicide Suspect's Suicide Spurs More Protests, Police Say|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/26/us/minneapolis-protests-unrest.html|access-date=August 31, 2020|issn=0362-4331}} Controversially, the police released the CCTV camera footage of the suicide in attempts to stop the unrest.{{cite web|title=When a graphic video can bring both truth and harm|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/08/28/when-a-graphic-video-can-quell-unrest-but-still-do-harm|access-date=August 31, 2020|website=MPR News|date=August 28, 2020 }} Overnight vandalism and looting of stores from August 26 to 27 reached a total of 77 property locations in Minneapolis–Saint Paul,{{Cite news|last1=Sinner|first1=C.J.|last2=Penrod|first2=Josh|last3=Hyatt|first3=Kim|date=September 3, 2020|title=Map of Minneapolis businesses damaged, looted after night of unrest|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/map-minneapolis-businesses-damaged-fire-looted-after-night-of-unrest-august-26/571806821/|url-status=live|access-date=August 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210062537/https://www.startribune.com/map-minneapolis-businesses-damaged-fire-looted-after-night-of-unrest-august-26/571806821/|archive-date=February 10, 2021}}{{Cite web|last=Gottfried|first=Mara H.|date=2020-08-28|title=At least 16 charged in Wednesday night looting; no curfew after calm Thursday night|url=https://www.twincities.com/2020/08/28/most-arrests-overnight-were-for-curfew-violations-in-minneapolis-after-unrest-the-night-before/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210062542/https://www.twincities.com/2020/08/28/most-arrests-overnight-were-for-curfew-violations-in-minneapolis-after-unrest-the-night-before/|archive-date=February 10, 2021|access-date=2020-12-12|website=St. Paul Pioneer Press|language=en-US}} including five businesses that were set on fire.{{Cite news|title=Map of Minneapolis businesses damaged, looted after night of unrest|url=https://www.startribune.com/map-minneapolis-businesses-damaged-fire-looted-after-night-of-unrest-august-26/571806821/|last1=Sinner|first1=C.J.|date=September 3, 2020|work=Star Tribune|last2=Penrod|first2=Josh|last3=Hyatt|first3=Kim}}{{Cite web|last=Furst|first=Randy|date=September 11, 2020|title=Richfield man charged with arson in fire at Target headquarters during Nicollet Mall unrest|url=https://www.startribune.com/richfield-man-charged-with-arson-in-fire-at-target-hq-during-nicollet-mall-unrest/572387412/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210062557/https://www.startribune.com/richfield-man-charged-with-arson-in-fire-at-target-hq-during-nicollet-mall-unrest/572387412/|archive-date=February 10, 2021|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Star Tribune|language=en}} State and local officials arrested a total of 132 people during the unrest.{{Cite news|title=132 arrests made during unrest, looting in Minneapolis overnight|url=https://www.fox9.com/news/132-arrests-made-during-unrest-looting-in-minneapolis-overnight|date=August 27, 2020|work=KMSP (FOX-9)}} Three Minnesota residents were later convicted of federal charges for an arson attack on the Target Corporation headquarters building the night of August 26.{{Cite web|date=2021-01-25|title=Two Men Plead Guilty To Arson Of Target Corporation Headquarters|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-mn/pr/two-men-plead-guilty-arson-target-corporation-headquarters|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-13|website=www.justice.gov|publisher=US Attorney's Office, District of Minnesota|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126085228/https://www.justice.gov/usao-mn/pr/two-men-plead-guilty-arson-target-corporation-headquarters |archive-date=January 26, 2021 }}{{Cite web|date=2021-08-12|title=Federal Jury Convicts St. Paul Man in Target Headquarters Arson|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-mn/pr/federal-jury-convicts-st-paul-man-target-headquarters-arson|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-13|website=www.justice.gov|publisher=US Attorney's Office, District of Minnesota|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812225326/https://www.justice.gov/usao-mn/pr/federal-jury-convicts-st-paul-man-target-headquarters-arson |archive-date=August 12, 2021 }}{{Cite web|last=Tribune|first=Chao Xiong Star|title=At least 19 charged with burglary, assault in Minneapolis riot|url=https://www.startribune.com/at-least-19-charged-with-burglary-assault-in-minneapolis-riot/572256452/|access-date=2021-12-01|website=Star Tribune|date=August 29, 2020 }} A Minneapolis man pled guilty to a state assault charge for striking an officer with an object during the riot.{{Cite web|date=2021-11-15|title=State of Minnesota vs Brayshun Lamar Gibson (Case No. 27-CR-20-19312)|url=https://pa.courts.state.mn.us/CaseDetail.aspx?CaseID=1628330211|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Minnesota Judicial Branch, Minnesota Trial Court Public Access}}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Cite web|title=Man who struck police officer with trash can lid charged with assault, riot and burglary|url=https://www.hennepinattorney.org/news/news/2020/September/Gibson-Brayshaun-assault-charges-hitting-officer-with-trashcan-lid-during-riotPost|access-date=2021-11-19|website=Hennepin County, Minnesota|language=en|archive-date=November 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119193721/https://www.hennepinattorney.org/news/news/2020/September/Gibson-Brayshaun-assault-charges-hitting-officer-with-trashcan-lid-during-riotPost}}

{{main|Red House eviction defense}}

On December 8, protesters in Portland gathered to blockade parts of the Humboldt Neighborhood in order to protect a family who had been evicted after living in said house for 65 years. Protesters blockaded the area similar to the Capitol Hill Occupied Protest.{{cite web|url= https://www.opb.org/article/2020/12/08/portland-oregon-red-house-mississippi-avenue-eviction-arrests/ |title= Portland mayor authorizes 'all lawful means' to clear protesters from occupied area on Mississippi Ave.| publisher= OPB|access-date= December 12, 2020}}

{{main|Killing of Dolal Idd||}}

Dolal Idd was a 23-year-old Somali-American man who was killed in an exchange of gunfire with Minneapolis police officers at approximately 6:15 p.m. CST on December 30, 2020, after he shot at them from inside the car he was driving.{{Cite news|last1=Furber|first1=Matt|last2=Wright|first2=Will|date=2021-01-02|title=Family Members of Man Killed by Minneapolis Police Say Raid Left Them Shaken|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/02/us/minneapolis-police-shooting-raid-dolal-idd.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105143358/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/02/us/minneapolis-police-shooting-raid-dolal-idd.html|archive-date=January 5, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite news|last=Bailey|first=Holly|title=Fatal shooting by police sets off protest in Minneapolis, the city's first police-involved death since George Floyd|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/fatal-shooting-by-police-sets-off-protest-in-minneapolis/2020/12/31/52913a7a-4b5c-11eb-a9f4-0e668b9772ba_story.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103849/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/fatal-shooting-by-police-sets-off-protest-in-minneapolis/2020/12/31/52913a7a-4b5c-11eb-a9f4-0e668b9772ba_story.html|archive-date=January 9, 2021|issn=0190-8286}}{{Cite news|last1=Dernbach|first1=Becky Z.|last2=Peters|first2=Joey|date=2021-01-06|title=Minnesota media consultant, right-wing bloggers question Somali flag raising at Dolal Idd protest|work=Sahan Journal|url=https://sahanjournal.com/uproar-over-somali-flag/holiday-gas-station-somali-flag-blois-olson-taken-land-dolal-idd-protest/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109200614/https://sahanjournal.com/uproar-over-somali-flag/holiday-gas-station-somali-flag-blois-olson-taken-land-dolal-idd-protest/|archive-date=January 9, 2021}}{{cite news|last1=Raguse|first1=Lou|date=2021-01-14|title=New warrants in Idd's case reveal car search and investigation of possible link to brother's case|work=KARE 11|url=https://www.kare11.com/article/news/crime/new-warrants-in-idds-case-reveal-car-search-and-investigation-of-possible-link-to-brothers-case/89-6ce8ea21-851a-47df-a36f-5e842237874c|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131044129/https://www.kare11.com/article/news/crime/new-warrants-in-idds-case-reveal-car-search-and-investigation-of-possible-link-to-brothers-case/89-6ce8ea21-851a-47df-a36f-5e842237874c|archive-date=January 31, 2021}} The fatal encounter happened in the US state of Minnesota during a police sting operation.{{Cite news|last=Jany|first=Libor|date=2021-01-04|title=Warrant: Minneapolis police shot Dolal Idd after attempted gun sting|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/warrant-minneapolis-police-shot-dolal-idd-after-attempted-gun-sting/600006657/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105143340/https://www.startribune.com/warrant-minneapolis-police-shot-dolal-idd-after-attempted-gun-sting/600006657/|archive-date=January 5, 2021}}{{Cite news|last=Staff|date=2021-03-21|title=Family calls for increased transparency in Minneapolis police shooting death investigation|work=FOX-9|url=https://www.fox9.com/news/family-calls-for-increased-transparency-in-minneapolis-police-shooting-death-investigation|access-date=2021-03-21}} The shooting took place in the parking lot of a busy Holiday gas station at the intersection of Cedar Avenue and East 36th Street in the Powderhorn Park neighborhood of Minneapolis, {{convert|1|mi|km|spell=in}} from the location where George Floyd was murdered by a Minneapolis police officer on May 25, 2020. Idd's death was the first killing by a Minneapolis police officer since that of Floyd.{{Cite news|last1=Collins|first1=Jon|last2=Williams|first2=Brandt|date=2020-12-31|title=Police shooting victim ID'd; MPD bodycam footage released|work=Minnesota Public Radio|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/12/31/bodycam-footage-in-fatal-mpd-shooting-to-be-released|url-status=live|access-date=2020-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105143429/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/12/31/bodycam-footage-in-fatal-mpd-shooting-to-be-released|archive-date=January 5, 2021}}{{Cite news|last=Boogren|first=Jill|date=2021-01-27|title=Community seeks answers, transparency in Dolal Idd killing|work=Longfellow-Nokomis Messenger|url=https://www.longfellownokomismessenger.com/stories/community-seeks-answers-transparency-in-dolal-idd-killing,1669|access-date=2021-01-27}} The shooting affected the local community still in mourning over Floyd's murder seven months prior, and reignited local debate over police brutality and race relations. In several rallies, protesters questioned the police narrative of the December 30 incident and if police officers could have used better de-escalation tactics to prevent an exchange of gunfire.{{Cite news|last=Hyatt|first=Kim|date=2021-01-03|title=Hundreds march in protest of Minneapolis police killing|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/hundreds-march-in-protest-of-minneapolis-police-killing/600006494/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105143402/https://www.startribune.com/hundreds-march-in-protest-of-minneapolis-police-killing/600006494/|archive-date=January 5, 2021}}

File:Minneapolis Derek Chauvin Trial march (51013669003).jpgors march in Minneapolis on March 7, 2021]]

{{main|Trial of Derek Chauvin|Derek Chauvin protests}}

Approximately a thousand protesters outside a downtown Minneapolis courthouse as Chauvin's trial commenced on March 8, 2021, to call for justice for Floyd and raise broader issues of racial injustice. Officials surrounded the facility with a concrete barrier, metal fencing, and barbed wire in anticipation of unrest. Protests and rallies planned for the George Floyd Square were halted for several days after a fatal shooting there on March 6, 2021.{{Cite news|last1=Jackson|first1=Zoë|last2=Forgrave|first2=Reid Forgrave|last3=Du|first3=Susan|date=2021-03-09|title=Peaceful protesters march in Minneapolis as Derek Chauvin trial in George Floyd's death slowed by legal wrangling|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/peaceful-protesters-march-in-minneapolis-as-derek-chauvin-trial-in-george-floyd-s-death-slowed-by-le/600031760/|access-date=2021-03-09}}

On March 28, 2021, the day before opening statements in the trial of Derek Chauvin, several rallies and protests were held in Minneapolis. Separately, protesters marched in downtown Minneapolis to demand justice for Floyd and rallied at the Hennepin County Government Center and City Hall, and some demonstrators parked cars on the Metro light-rail tracks, which closed train traffic for several hours. At 38th and Chicago Avenue, the street intersection where Floyd was murdered, a group of people held a training workshop at the square on how to avoid arrest and keep calm if detained by police.{{Cite news|last1=Du|first1=Susan|last2=Norfleet|first2=Nicole|date=2021-03-28|title=Prayer service on eve of Derek Chauvin trial urges peace, unity and justice|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/prayer-service-on-eve-of-derek-chauvin-trial-urges-peace-unity-and-justice/600039717/|access-date=2021-03-29}}

{{Main|2021 Atlanta spa shootings|Stop Asian Hate}}

On March 16, 2021, a series of mass shootings occurred at three spas in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Eight people were killed, six of whom were Asian women. A suspect, 21-year-old Robert Aaron Long, was taken into custody later that day.{{cite news|last1=McLaughlin|first1=Eliott C.|last2=Tolan|first2=Casey|last3=Watts|first3=Amanda|date=March 17, 2021|title=What we know about Robert Aaron Long, the suspect in Atlanta spa shootings|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/17/us/robert-aaron-long-suspected-shooter/index.html|access-date=2021-03-22|website=CNN}} Several anti-Asian violence rallies have been held across the United States in 2021 in response to the recent rise of racism against Asian Americans. Several of the rallies are named "Stop Asian Hate".{{Cite news|last1=Rubenstein|first1=Steve|last2=Hosseini|first2=Raheem|date=2021-03-28|title=More than 1,500 rally in S.F. to 'Stop Asian hate'|language=en-US|website=San Francisco Chronicle|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/local/article/More-than-1-500-rally-in-S-F-to-Stop-Asian-16058313.php|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328072445/https://www.sfchronicle.com/local/article/More-than-1-500-rally-in-S-F-to-Stop-Asian-16058313.php|archive-date=2021-03-28}}{{Cite news|last=Zaveri|first=Mihir|date=2021-03-22|title=As Protesters Rally Against Anti-Asian Hate, N.Y.C. Records 5 Attacks|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/22/nyregion/nyc-asian-hate-crimes.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323041930/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/22/nyregion/nyc-asian-hate-crimes.html|archive-date=2021-03-23|issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite news|date=2021-03-29|title=Photos: 1,200 people marched in Berkeley to protest anti-Asian hate|language=en-US|work=Berkeleyside|url=https://www.berkeleyside.com/2021/03/29/1200-marched-in-berkeley-ca-to-protest-anti-asian-hate|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331013737/https://www.berkeleyside.com/2021/03/29/1200-marched-in-berkeley-ca-to-protest-anti-asian-hate|archive-date=2021-03-31}}

File:Brooklyn Center - April 14, 2021 - Daunte Wright Protests (51117807944).jpg on April 14, 2021]]

{{Main|Daunte Wright protests|Killing of Daunte Wright}}

On April 11, 2021, at 1:48 p.m., 20-year-old Daunte Wright was shot and killed during a traffic stop by Kim Potter, an officer with the police department of Brooklyn Center, a suburb of Minneapolis. His girlfriend, a passenger in his car, was also injured. An initially peaceful demonstration at the scene of the shooting turned violent following a strengthened police presence, and looting was reported.{{Cite news|last1=Klecker|first1=Mara|last2=Kim|first2=Kim Hyatt|date=2021-04-11|title=Brooklyn Center police fatally shoot man, 20, inflaming tensions during the Derek Chauvin trial|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/brooklyn-center-police-fatally-shoot-man-20-inflaming-tensions-during-the-derek-chauvin-trial/600044821/|access-date=2021-04-11}}{{Cite news|last=Brown|first=Kyle|date=2021-04-11|title=Police shoot, kill driver during traffic stop in Brooklyn Center|work=KTSP|url=https://kstp.com/news/bca-investigating-police-shooting-in-brooklyn-center/6072013/?cat=1|access-date=2021-04-11|archive-date=April 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412052939/https://kstp.com/news/bca-investigating-police-shooting-in-brooklyn-center/6072013/?cat=1}}{{Cite news|last=Belcamino|first=Kristi|date=2021-04-11|title=Man dies after being shot by police in Brooklyn Center; BCA investigating|work=Pioneer Press|url=https://www.twincities.com/2021/04/11/police-fatally-shoot-man-in-brooklyn-center-sunday-bca-investigating/|access-date=2021-04-11}} On April 13, 2021, Potter resigned, as well as Brooklyn Center police chief Tim Gannon, who said that Potter accidentally fired her gun.{{cite web|last=Mangan|first=Dan|date=2021-04-13|title=Cop Kim Potter resigns after fatally shooting Daunte Wright, police chief also quits|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/13/daunte-wright-killing-obama-mourns-minnesota-police-shooting-victim.html|access-date=2021-04-15|website=CNBC|language=en}} The next day, Potter was charged with second-degree manslaughter.{{cite web|title=Officer who fatally shot Daunte Wright charged with second-degree manslaughter: DA|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/officer-fatally-shot-daunte-wright-charged-degree-manslaughter/story?id=77065099|access-date=2021-04-15|website=ABC News|language=en}}

{{Main|Killing of Winston Boogie Smith|Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek|2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest}}

Winston Boogie Smith, a 32-year-old black man, was shot and killed by law enforcement authorities on June 3, 2021, as they attempted to apprehend him at a parking ramp in the Uptown neighborhood of Minneapolis. Protests following the killing began on June 3 and continued for several days, primarily in Uptown.{{Cite news|last=Staff|date=2021-06-05|title=Winston Smith shooting: Protests continue overnight|work=Fox-9|url=https://www.fox9.com/news/minneapolis-police-clear-intersection-after-protesters-block-street-following-deadly-law-enforcement-shooting|access-date=2021-06-05}}{{Cite news|last=Rao|first=Maya|date=2021-06-05|title=Protesters converge for third night at Uptown spot where Winston Smith was killed|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/third-night-of-protests-underway-in-uptown/600065030/|access-date=2021-06-06}}{{cite news|last=Staff|date=2021-06-07|title=Minneapolis sees more protests after man killed by deputies|work=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/george-floyd-minneapolis-death-of-daunte-wright-shootings-9afef9e798cb85089e3460dc44895349|access-date=2021-06-07}} Soon after the shooting, Smith's family demanded greater law enforcement transparency and the release of any surveillance footage that might have captured the incident.{{cite news|last1=Forliti|first1=Amy|last2=Ibrahim|first2=Mohamed|date=2021-06-04|title=Authorities: Man killed by Minnesota deputies had fired gun|work=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/death-of-george-floyd-minneapolis-business-death-of-daunte-wright-shootings-0c3907f72981ad591187d07a393e698d|access-date=2021-06-05}} Civil rights activists and Smith's friends and family disputed the law enforcement accounts of the incident. Local organization Communities United Against Police Brutality held a press conference near the shooting site on June 4 to call for officials to release video footage and other details of the shooting.{{Cite news|last=Staff|date=2021-06-04|title=BCA: Man shot and killed by police fired from inside vehicle; no footage of incident|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/bca-man-shot-and-killed-by-police-fired-from-inside-vehicle-no-footage-of-incident/600064680/|access-date=2021-06-04}}{{Cite news|last=Wiita|first=Tommy|date=2021-06-04|title=Suspect identified in Uptown police shooting; family demands video evidence|work=KTSP|url=https://kstp.com/news/winston-smith-identified-as-suspect-in-uptown-police-shooting-family-demands-video-evidence/6131374/|access-date=2021-06-04|archive-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604203253/https://kstp.com/news/winston-smith-identified-as-suspect-in-uptown-police-shooting-family-demands-video-evidence/6131374/}} Family and friends of Smith held a peaceful vigil the evening of June 4 at the parking ramp where he was killed, and participated in a protest march on June 6.{{Cite news|last=Staff|date=2021-06-04|title=Crowd gathers for vigil at Uptown parking ramp where deputies shot, killed Winston Smith|work=KSTP|url=https://amp.kstp.com/articles/hennepin-avenue-lake-street-blocked-off-uptown-6131471.html|access-date=2021-06-04|archive-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604233835/https://amp.kstp.com/articles/hennepin-avenue-lake-street-blocked-off-uptown-6131471.html}} Activist Nekima Levy Armstrong led a protest on June 8 outside the home of Minnesota's US Marshal, Ramona Dohman, calling for her resignation. Armstrong alleged that Dohman, a Trump administration appointee, had a conflict of interest due to a past working relationship with the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension.{{Cite news|last1=Rao|first1=Maya|last2=Chhith|first2=Alex|date=2021-06-11|title=Attorneys for woman in Winston Smith's car say she did not see him with a gun|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/attorneys-for-woman-in-winston-smith-s-car-say-she-did-not-see-him-with-a-gun/600066960/|access-date=2021-06-11}}

Several protests took place outside the Kenosha County Courthouse in Kenosha, Wisconsin during the trial of Kyle Rittenhouse between November 1, 2021, and November 19, 2021. Following Rittenhouse's acquittal on November 19, rioting broke out in Portland, Oregon. Large protests also occurred in New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Minneapolis during the month.{{Cite news|date=2021-11-20|title=Protesters in Minneapolis, other cities condemn Rittenhouse acquittal|work=Minnesota Public Radio|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2021/11/20/protesters-in-minneapolis-other-cities-condemn-rittenhouse-acquittal|access-date=2021-11-20}}

{{Further|Stop Cop City}}

Beginning in late 2021, protesters occupied a forested area of the Old Atlanta Prison Farm that was slated for redevelopment as a police training facility. Opponents of the facility particularly said it conflicted with their view of environmental justice and attempts to preserve the land as an urban park and conservation area,{{Cite magazine |date=August 3, 2022 |title=The New Fight Over an Old Forest in Atlanta |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-south/the-new-fight-over-an-old-forest-in-atlanta |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US |access-date=December 10, 2022}}{{Cite web |title=Abolitionists and Environmentalists in Atlanta Band Together to "Stop Cop City" |url=https://www.yesmagazine.org/environment/2022/03/22/atlanta-organizers-abolition-environmentalists |access-date=December 10, 2022 |website=YES! Magazine |language=en-US}} and that they were construction of a police facility in a Black and Brown neighborhood.

File:Amir_Locke_Protest_Minneapolis_February_8_(51871657685).jpg protest march in Minneapolis, February 8, 2022]]

{{Further|Killing of Amir Locke#Protests}}

On February 2, 2022, Minneapolis Police Department officer Mark Hanneman{{Cite news|last=Van Brugen|first=Isabel|date=2022-02-04|title=Amir Locke Bodycam Video Appears To Contradict Minneapolis Police Claim|work=Newsweek|url=https://www.newsweek.com/amir-locke-bodycam-video-contradict-minneapolis-police-department-statement-1676137|access-date=2022-02-04}} fatally shot Amir Locke, a 22-year old black man, while police officers were executing a search warrant at an apartment in downtown Minneapolis. The shooting occurred 9 seconds after police entered the apartment while Locke was lying on a couch while wrapped in a blanket and holding a gun.{{cite news|date=February 3, 2022|title=Amir Locke Shooting: Minneapolis Releases Body Cam Footage Of Deadly Police Encounter|publisher=WCCO-TV|url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2022/02/04/amir-locke-minneapolis-police-body-cam-video/|access-date=February 4, 2022}}{{Cite news|last=Winter|first=Deena|date=2022-02-02|title=Minneapolis police officer shoots and kills man in early morning raid|work=Minnesota Reformer|url=https://minnesotareformer.com/2022/02/02/minneapolis-police-officer-shoots-and-kills-black-man-in-early-morning-raid/|access-date=2022-02-02}}{{Cite news|last=Jany|first=Libor|date=2022-02-03|title=Sources: Man shot and killed by Minneapolis police during raid was not target of investigation|work=Star Tribune|url=https://www.startribune.com/sources-man-shot-and-killed-by-minneapolis-police-during-raid-was-not-target-of-investigation/600142720/|access-date=2022-02-03}}{{Cite news|last=Jimenez|first=Omar|date=2022-02-04|title=Body camera video shows Minneapolis officers shooting Black man during no-knock warrant. Attorneys say he wasn't the target|work=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/04/us/minneapolis-police-shooting-no-knock-warrant-amir-locke/index.html|access-date=2022-02-04}} Several protests were held in Minneapolis and Saint Paul over the subsequent weeks.{{Cite news|date=2022-02-06|title=Hundreds in Minneapolis protest police killing of Black man in raid|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/hundreds-minneapolis-protest-police-killing-black-man-raid-2022-02-06/|access-date=2022-02-06}}{{Cite news|last=Uren|first=Adam|date=2022-02-13|title=Group of protesters call for justice for Amir Locke, leave graffiti on Lake Street|work=Bring Me The News|url=https://bringmethenews.com/minnesota-news/protesters-call-for-justice-for-amir-locke-leave-graffiti-on-lake-street|access-date=2022-02-13}}{{cite news|date=February 8, 2022|title=St. Paul, Minneapolis student activists hold walk-out, rally in protest of Locke shooting|work=ABC5|url=https://kstp.com/kstp-news/local-news/st-paul-minneapolis-student-activists-protest-amir-locke-schools/|access-date=9 February 2022}} A protest over Locke's death was held in Chicago on February 11. In Portland, Oregon one person was killed and five others were wounded in a shooting on Saturday night during a protest in Portland against killings by police officers.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/20/us/portland-shooting-protest.html|title = One Dead in Shooting at Portland Protest Against Police Violence|newspaper = The New York Times|date = February 20, 2022|last1 = Olmos|first1 = Sergio}}

{{Further|Normandale Park shooting}}

In Portland, Oregon, protesters planned a demonstration for February 19 over the police killings of Amir Locke and Patrick Kimmons, who was fatally shot by Portland police in 2018. As people were gathering for a demonstration by Normandale Park in the Rose City Park neighborhood, a conflict between an armed Portlander and protesters resulted in a mass shooting with four people being injured by the shooter's gunfire, with one woman succumbing to her injuries.{{Cite web|author=Claudia Dominguez and Melissa Alonso|title=Armed portlander and armed protesters had confrontation before shooting that left 1 dead, 5 injured in Portland, police say|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/20/us/portland-shooting/index.html|access-date=2022-02-21|website=CNN|date=February 20, 2022 }}{{Cite news|last1=Olmos|first1=Sergio|last2=Ramzy|first2=Austin|last3=Delkic|first3=Melina|date=2022-02-20|title=One Dead in Shooting at Portland Protest Against Police Violence|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/20/us/portland-shooting-protest.html|access-date=2022-02-21|issn=0362-4331}} An armed protester returned gunfire and struck the shooter, which ended the shooting.{{Cite news |date=2022-03-01 |title=Campsite And Memorial At Normandale Park Growing After Mass Shooting |work=KXL-FM |url=https://www.kxl.com/normandale-park-shooting-evidence-removed-creates-a-prosecution-nightmare/ |access-date=2023-02-10}}{{Cite news |last1=Olmos |first1=Sergio |last2=Cramer |first2=Maria |date=2022-02-23 |title=Man Charged With Murder in Shooting at Protest in Portland |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/22/us/benjamin-smith-portland-shooting.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |issn=0362-4331}} The deceased was identified as Brandy "June" Knightly, a 60-year-old woman, who was an active with the local Black Lives Matter movement.{{Cite news |last=Briquelet |first=Kate |date=2022-02-21 |title=Beloved Portland Woman June Knightly Mourned After Protest Shooting Nightmare |work=Daily Beast |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/june-knightly-of-portland-mourned-after-protest-shooting-nightmare |access-date=2023-01-22}}{{Cite news |last1=Selsky |first1=Andrew |last2=Flaccus |first2=Guillian |date=2022-02-22 |title=Gunman charged with killing protester in Portland, Oregon |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/amir-locke-shootings-oregon-violence-police-8428950d75fd2a96301746ced95df5a8 |access-date=2023-02-09}}{{Cite news |last1=Bacon |first1=John |last2=Tebor |first2=Celina |date=2022-02-22 |title=Suspect charged in deadly shooting of protesters in Portland, Oregon; victim identified |work=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/02/21/armed-protester-homeowner-portland-shooting/6877403001/ |access-date=2023-02-09}} Racial justice advocates expressed concern over the shooting at what began as a peaceful protest gathering.{{Cite news |last=Asher |first=Abe |date=2022-03-09 |title=How a deadly protest shooting deepened distrust of Portland police |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/portland-police-mayor-shooting-misinformation-b2028867.html |access-date=2023-02-10}} The shooter faced second-degree murder and other charges.{{Cite news |last=Kirsch |first=Jeffrey |date=2022-09-01 |title=Plea agreement may be in the works for suspect in deadly mass shooting at Portland protest |work=KATU-TV |url=https://katu.com/news/local/plea-agreement-may-be-in-the-works-for-accused-normandale-park-shooter-benjamin-smith-deadly-mass-shooting-protest-portland-gun-violence |access-date=2023-02-06}}

{{Further|Killing of Jayland Walker}}Following the death of Jayland Walker at the hands of the Akron Police, numerous protests broke out in Akron in following days.

{{Further|Killing of Manuel Esteban Paez Terán}}

Protests were held in several US cities in reaction to the killing of Manuel Terán, a Venezuelan-born person,{{Cite news |last=Mahdawi |first=Arwa |date=2023-01-21 |title='Assassinated in cold blood': activist killed protesting Georgia's 'Cop City' |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jan/21/protester-killed-georgia-cop-city-police-shooting |access-date=2023-01-24}} who was fatally shot by a Georgia State Patrol officer on January 18, 2023, while protesting the construction of a police training facility in Atlanta, Georgia.{{Cite web |last=Fur |first=Lucy |date=2023-01-23 |title=Marches and Vigils Across the US Respond to the Police Killing of Forest Defender Tort |url=https://unicornriot.ninja/2023/marches-and-vigils-across-the-us-respond-to-the-police-killing-of-forest-defender-tort/ |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=Unicorn Riot |language=en-US}} A independent autopsy in March revealed that Terán was shot fourteen times while sitting cross-legged with their hands raised.{{cite news |last=Rico |first=R.J. |date=March 13, 2023 |title= Autopsy report says 'Cop City' protester had hands raised when killed |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/autopsy-report-says-cop-city-protester-had-hands-raised-when-killed |work=PBS News |access-date=March 14, 2023}}{{cite news |last= Owen |first=Tess |date=March 13, 2023 |title= Police Shot 'Stop Cop City' Activist 14 Times With Their Hands Up, Independent Autopsy Shows |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/pkae48/cop-city-activist-shot-hands-up-tortuguita-death |work=Vice News |access-date=March 14, 2023}} The Stop Cop City protests that Terán was participating in were part of longstanding tensions over police killings in the United States since George Floyd's murder. Demonstrators opposed the construction of a police facility in a Black and Brown neighborhood.{{Cite web |title=Atlanta Police Kill Forest Defender at Protest Encampment Near Proposed "Cop City" Training Center |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2023/1/20/atlanta_cop_city_protester_killed |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=Democracy Now! |language=en}}{{Cite news |last1=Sassoon |first1=Alessandro Marazzi |last2=Rojas |first2=Rick |date=2023-01-19 |title=Protester Killed in Firefight at Site of New Atlanta Police Center |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/18/us/atlanta-police-center-protester-killed.html |access-date=2023-01-24 |issn=0362-4331}} An anonymous protester identified Terán as one of the only Black or Brown persons who participated in the forest protest, and his killing raised further questions of racism in law enforcement conduct.{{Cite news |last=Marcus |first=Josh |date=2023-01-23 |title=A protester was shot dead while opposing a $90m Atlanta 'Cop City' training centre. What went wrong? |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/crime/atlanta-cop-city-protester-shot-b2266469.html |access-date=2023-01-24}}

Notable protests and vigils were held in Atlanta, Bridgeport, Minneapolis, Nashville, Philadelphia, and Tucson from January 20–22, 2023. Some demonstrators spray painted graffiti on Bank of America buildings to protest the company's involvement in financing the facility's construction. Protests in Atlanta on January 21, 2023, briefly turned violent as some demonstrators threw objects, set police car on fire, and smashed windows of bank buildings with hammers.{{Cite news |last=Cheney Orr |first=Cheney Orr |date=2023-01-21 |title=Atlanta protest against shooting death of activist briefly turns violent |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/atlanta-protest-against-shooting-death-activist-briefly-turns-violent-2023-01-22/ |access-date=2023-01-25}} The Atlanta riot had broad participation from people across the United States. Six people—most of whom were White and from outside of the US state of Georgia{{Cite news |last=Estep |first=Tyler |date=2023-01-24 |title=Arrests point to broad pull of protests against Atlanta training center |work=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |url=https://www.ajc.com/neighborhoods/dekalb/arrests-point-to-broad-pull-of-protests-against-atlanta-training-center/MNOTVQDHJJAGLMJ7MLNMOYC4ZM/ |access-date=2023-01-26}}—were arrested and charged criminally for actions during the January 21 riot.{{Cite news |last=Stevens |first=Alexis |date=2023-01-23 |title=2 granted $355K bond after Atlanta protest leads to rioting; 4 to stay in jail |work=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |url=https://www.ajc.com/news/crime/2-granted-355k-bond-after-atlanta-protest-leads-to-rioting-4-to-stay-in-jail/OJZBWFKCYVHPDKME23WEUOS2DE/ |access-date=2023-01-25}}{{Cite news |date=2023-01-23 |title=Atlanta Riots: 4 of 6 suspects arrested denied bond |work=WAGA-TV |url=https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/atlanta-riots-arrests-rioters-suspects-bond-protests-cop-city |access-date=2023-01-25}} After arrests at a March music festival connected to the movement, defense attorneys for activists expressed concerns that police were targeting out-of-state individuals for arrest. One attorney stated that police appeared to "split detainees up into local people and out of towners." This concern is in reference to the fact that, out of 44 people detained at the festival, all 11 people released without charge were Atlanta residents.{{Cite news | last=Lennard |first=Natasha |date=2023-03-09 |title=Atlanta Cop City Protesters Charged With Domestic Terror for Having Mud on Their Shoes |work=The Intercept |url=https://theintercept.com/2023/03/08/atlanta-cop-city-protesters/ |access-date=2023-04-16}}

{{Further|Killing of Tyre Nichols|Tyre Nichols protests}}

File:Tyre Nichols Protest at the Ohio Statehouse 16.jpg calling for the defunding of the Columbus Police Department.]]

Several major cities in the United States prepared for potential unrest ahead of the scheduled January 27, 2023, official release of video that captured the arrest and police beating of Tyre Nichols in Memphis, Tennessee, on January 7, 2023. Nichols died three days later, and five Memphis Police Department officers have been fired and face murder and other criminal charges.{{Cite news |last=Zraick |first=Karen |date=2023-01-27 |title=Cities across the U.S. are bracing for protests once the police video is released. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/26/us/tyre-nichols-protests-cities.html |access-date=2023-01-27 |issn=0362-4331}} President Joe Biden joined Nichols' family in calling for peaceful protests.{{Cite news |last1=Pointer |first1=Alyssa |last2=O'Brien |first2=Brendan |date=2023-01-27 |title=Tyre Nichols death: Memphis braces for release of police beating video |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/memphis-braces-video-fatal-police-encounter-with-black-motorist-2023-01-27/ |access-date=2023-01-27}} Several protests at police department facilities in the United States were planned ahead of the bodycam footage and video release to the public. Several state and local governments prepared security measures, such as the Georgia National Guard that was mobilized proactively.{{Cite news |last1=Rojas |first1=Rick |last2=Jaglois |first2=Jessica |date=2023-01-27 |title=Tyre Nichols Live Updates: Memphis to Release 'Appalling' Police Video |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/01/27/us/tyre-nichols-memphis |access-date=2023-01-27 |issn=0362-4331}}

On September 26, 2023, peaceful protests were held in Philadelphia, PA after a city judge dismissed murder charges against former Philadelphia Police Department Officer Mark Dial; Dial had shot and killed 27-year-old Eddie Irizarry during a traffic stop in August 2023.{{Cite web |last3=Moran |first1=Rodrigo |last1=Torrejón |first2=Ximena |last2=Conde |first3=Robert |date=2023-09-26 |title=Family, supporters of Eddie Irizarry march after judge dismisses charges against Philly officer who killed him |url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/eddie-irizarry-philadelphia-police-mark-dial-shooting-judge-wendy-pew-protest-20230926.html |access-date=2023-09-27 |website=www.inquirer.com |language=en}} Later in the evening, looting broke out across the city, leaving multiple stores in Center City, North Philadelphia, and West Philadelphia ransacked. Interim Philadelphia Police Commissioner John Stanford said the looting was unrelated to the earlier peaceful protests and characterized the looters as "...a bunch of criminal opportunists take advantage of a situation to make an attempt to destroy our city."{{Cite web |date=2023-09-26 |title=Philadelphia looting: Dozens arrested, including juveniles, after stores ransacked across the city |url=https://www.fox29.com/news/philadelphia-looting-dozens-arrested-including-juveniles-after-stores-ransacked-across-the-city |access-date=2023-09-27 |website=FOX 29 Philadelphia |language=en-US}}

{{main|Defund the police|Police abolition movement|2021 Minneapolis Question 2}}

File:George Floyd protests in Columbus, 2020-07-18 (9374).jpg countermovement during the George Floyd protests]]

Unlike recent racial protests in the United States before it, the 2020 protests frequently included the slogan "defund the police", representing a call for divestment in policing.{{cite web|date=June 6, 2020|title=What does 'defund the police' mean? The rallying cry sweeping the US – explained|url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/05/defunding-the-police-us-what-does-it-mean|access-date=June 8, 2020|website=the Guardian|language=en}} The degree of divestment advocated varied, with some protesters calling for the elimination of police departments and others for reduced budgets. Supporters of partial or complete defunding of the police argued that budgets should be directed instead towards community-driven police alternatives, investment in mental health and substance abuse treatment services, job-training programs, or other forms of investment into black urban communities. In June 2020, New York City mayor Bill De Blasio responded to calls for divestment by cutting $1{{nbsp}}billion of the New York City Police Department (NYPD)'s $6{{nbsp}}billion budget and directing it instead to city youth groups and social services, a reduction of 17 percent.{{cite web|last=Durkin|first=Erin|title=De Blasio confirms he'll cut $1B from NYPD budget|url=https://politi.co/2Zkx9Lp|access-date=November 5, 2020|website=Politico PRO|date=June 29, 2020 |language=en}} The cut mostly involved shifting some responsibilities to other city agencies, with the size of the force barely changing.{{cite news |last1=Mays |first1=Jeffery C. |title=Who Opposes Defunding the N.Y.P.D.? These Black Lawmakers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/10/nyregion/defund-police-nyc-council.html |access-date=September 8, 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=August 10, 2020}}

The city council in Minneapolis voted in June to "end policing as we know it" and replace it with a "holistic" approach to public safety, but by September 2020, the pledge collapsed without implementation.{{Cite news|title=Minneapolis Council Moves To Defund Police, Establish 'Holistic' Public Safety Force|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/06/26/884149659/minneapolis-council-moves-to-defund-police-establish-holistic-public-safety-forc|access-date=November 5, 2020|website=NPR.org|date=June 26, 2020|language=en|last1=Romo|first1=Vanessa}}{{Cite news|last=Herndon|first=Astead W.|date=September 26, 2020|title=How a Pledge to Dismantle the Minneapolis Police Collapsed|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/26/us/politics/minneapolis-defund-police.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105010613/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/26/us/politics/minneapolis-defund-police.html|archive-date=November 5, 2020|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}} An increasing number of community groups had opposed the pledge, a poll from the Minneapolis Star-Tribune showed that a plurality of residents, including 50 percent of black people, opposed decreasing the size of the police force, and city councilors cited alarm from business owners and residents in more affluent areas of their wards who feared for their safety, as beliefs anticipating an immediate end to the police department proliferated. Incremental reforms of a type that the city's progressive politicians had denounced were pursued in lieu of the pledge. The Black Visions Collective, an activist group seeking police abolition, called past reforms "weak" and stated, "It is the nature of white supremacy, capitalism, patriarchy or any of these other systems of oppression to want to do what is necessary to save themselves."

Nationwide, defunding the police has not received broad support from congressional Democrats. Senator Bernie Sanders, a former Democratic presidential candidate, and Democratic President Joe Biden, both support police reform instead.{{cite news |last1=Allassan |first1=Fadel |title=Bernie Sanders pushes back on idea of abolishing police departments |url=https://www.axios.com/bernie-sanders-defund-police-091387de-e132-458e-b048-b367cb44ce18.html |work=Axios |language=en}}{{cite news|title=Biden Walks a Cautious Line as He Opposes Defunding the Police.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/08/us/politics/biden-defund-the-police.html|first1=Jonathan |last1=Martin|first2=Alexander|last2=Burns|first3=Thomas|last3=Kaplan|work=The New York Times|date=June 8, 2020|access-date=June 9, 2020}}{{cite news|author=Scottie Andrew, Josiah Ryan and Caroline Kelly|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/17/politics/defunding-police-biden-town-hall-trnd/index.html|title=Biden opposes defunding the police. Here's what that means|publisher=CNN|date=April 14, 2021}} During the 2020 campaign, President Donald Trump heavily criticized the "defund the police" movement; Trump and his campaign, as well as Trump allies, repeatedly and falsely claimed that Biden supported police defunding.{{cite news|title=Trump Steps Up His Assault on Biden With Scattershot Attacks, Many False|date=September 29, 2020 |author=Katie Glueck |author2=Adam Nagourney |author3=Maggie Haberman|newspaper=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/17/us/trump-biden-2020-election.html|quote=A claim that Mr. Biden supports efforts like those to defund the police, some Democrats said, could prove to be potent with at least a slice of voters and was worth watching, even though Mr. Biden has said repeatedly that he opposes defunding the police.}}{{cite news|author=Linda Qiu|date=September 2, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/15/us/politics/trump-campaign-ads-biden.html|title=Trump Ads Attack Biden Through Deceptive Editing and Hyperbole|newspaper=New York Times|quote=Several Trump campaign ads falsely claim Mr. Biden supports defunding the police.}}{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-factcheck-misleading-biden-ad-defund/fact-check-political-ad-saying-biden-wants-to-defund-the-police-is-misleading-idUSKCN252248|work=Reuters|title=Fact check: Political ad saying Biden wants to defund the police is misleading|date=August 6, 2020|quote=A video advertisement on Facebook from the America First Action SuperPAC misrepresents Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden's platform for criminal justice reform, claiming that he wants to defund the police. Biden has, in fact, resisted demands from liberal activists to defund police departments, instead proposing a $300-million investment in policing, contingent on officers mirroring the diversity of their communities.}}

According to a report released by Movement for Black Lives, the US federal government deliberately targeted Black Lives Matter protesters with heavier penalties in an attempt to disrupt the movement.

{{main|List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests}}

File:Christopher Columbus Statue Torn Down at Minnesota State Capitol on June 10, 2020.jpg toppled a statue of Christopher Columbus in Saint Paul, Minnesota, on June 10, 2020.]]

Protesters have called for the removal of statues commemorating historical figures, such as Confederate war veterans and politicians as well as Christopher Columbus, who are perceived as racist by modern standards and, according to some historians, by the standards of their time as well.{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/christopher-columbus-was-pretty-evil-by-the-standards-of-his-own-time|title=Christopher Columbus was pretty evil by the standards of his own time|last=Doescher|first=Tiana L.|date=June 15, 2020|website=Washington Examiner|access-date=September 13, 2023}} Often those depicted in the statues were responsible for human rights violations.{{cite news|first=Eliott C.|last=McLaughlin|title=Honoring the unforgivable: The horrific acts behind the names on America's infamous monuments and tributes|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/16/us/racist-statues-controversial-monuments-in-america-robert-lee-columbus/index.html|access-date=August 31, 2020|website=CNN}} Additionally, many monuments to the Civil War were only put up during times of tension over civil rights long after the war ended: in the early 1900s when Jim Crow laws were being implemented and in the 1950s and 1960s during the movement against this legislation. This led some historians to conclude they were constructed to further a "white supremacist future" rather than simply honor history.{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/08/20/544266880/confederate-statues-were-built-to-further-a-white-supremacist-future|title=Confederate Statues Were Built To Further A White Supremacist Future|last=Parks|first=Miles|date=August 20, 2017|website=NPR|access-date=September 13, 2023}} A number were either removed by authorities, or vandalized and toppled by protesters.{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2020/07/photos-statues-removed-george-floyd-protests-began/613774/|title=Photos: The Statues Brought Down Since the George Floyd Protests Began - The Atlantic|first=Alan|last=Taylor|website=www.theatlantic.com|access-date=September 14, 2020}} Statues of United States presidents, including the Emancipation Memorial featuring Abraham Lincoln, have also been vandalized and attacked by protesters.{{Cite news|last=Mann|first=Ted|date=June 26, 2020|title=Lincoln Statue With Kneeling Black Man Becomes Target of Protests|language=en-US|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/protesters-take-aim-at-statue-of-lincoln-with-kneeling-ex-slave-11593090836|access-date=September 14, 2020|issn=0099-9660}} Some pro-Union or anti-slavery monuments were also targeted, as they were seen to embody disrespectful attitudes towards Native Americans or the enslaved. In one case, a statue of abolitionist Hans Christian Heg was torn down.{{cite news|first=Kelly|last=Meyerhofer|newspaper=Wisconsin State Journal|title='Strategic' or 'misguided'? Toppling of statues sparks latest debate on Madison protests |url=https://madison.com/wsj/news/local/strategic-or-misguided-toppling-of-statues-sparks-latest-debate-on-madison-protests/article_c162791f-df91-5e33-b398-96b96d7bbee4.html |date=June 25, 2020|language=en}}{{cite news|title=Targeted sculptures linked to Wisconsin, Civil War history|newspaper=Associated Press|first=Kathleen|last=Foody|date=June 24, 2020|url=https://news.yahoo.com/targeted-sculptures-linked-wisconsin-civil-213640552.html}}

{{further|List of George Floyd protests outside the United States}}

Writing for Foreign Affairs, professor Brenda Gayle Plummer noted that "The particulars of Floyd's murder, taking place against the backdrop of the pandemic, may well have been the dam-break moment for the global protest movement. But they are only part of the story. International solidarity with the African American civil rights struggle comes not from some kind of projection or spontaneous sentiment; it was seeded by centuries of black activism abroad and foreign concern about human rights violations in the United States."{{cite magazine |last=Plummer |first=Brenda Gayle |author-link=Brenda Gayle Plummer |date=June 19, 2020 |title=Civil Rights Has Always Been a Global Movement: How Allies Abroad Help the Fight Against Racism at Home |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-06-19/civil-rights-has-always-been-global-movement |magazine=Foreign Affairs |volume=99 |issn=0015-7120 |quote=Global reactions to the Floyd murder were not simply responses to a single event. The world already knew about antiblack racism in the United States. Voter suppression, disproportionately affecting people of color, has no parallel in other democracies. The particulars of Floyd's murder, taking place against the backdrop of the pandemic, may well have been the dam-break moment for the global protest movement. But they are only part of the story. International solidarity with the African American civil rights struggle comes not from some kind of projection or spontaneous sentiment; it was seeded by centuries of Black activism abroad and foreign concern about human rights violations in the United States. |url-access=subscription |number=5}}

{{main|Zwarte Piet}}

Related racial unrest in the Netherlands included widespread participation in George Floyd protests. The unrest has led to a change in public opinion on Zwarte Piet, a character used in Dutch Sinterklaas celebrations who has been historically portrayed in blackface. Leaving the appearance of Zwarte Piet unaltered has traditionally been supported by the public but opposed by anti-racism campaigners, but a June 2020 survey saw a drop in support for leaving the character's appearance unaltered: 47 per cent of those surveyed supported the traditional appearance, compared to 71 per cent in a similar survey held in November 2019.{{cite web |url=https://eenvandaag.avrotros.nl/item/niet-alleen-rutte-is-van-mening-veranderd-de-steun-voor-traditionele-zwarte-piet-is-gedaald-weblo/ |title=Niet alleen Rutte is van mening veranderd: de steun voor traditionele Zwarte Piet is gedaald - weblog Gijs Rademaker |date=June 17, 2020 |website=Een Vandaag |access-date=July 31, 2020}} Prime minister Mark Rutte stated in a parliamentary debate on June 5, 2020, that he had changed his opinion on the issue and now has more understanding for people who consider the character's appearance to be racist.{{cite web |url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2336254-rutte-ik-ben-anders-gaan-denken-over-zwarte-piet.html |title=Rutte: ik ben anders gaan denken over Zwarte Piet |date=June 5, 2020 |website=NOS Nieuws |access-date=July 31, 2020}}

An emerging trend is to replace Zwarte Piet with Chimney Piet, to avoid the controversial blackface makeup.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/controversial-black-pete-dismantling-a-racist-tradition/a-63969883|title='Black Pete': Dismantling a racist tradition – DW – 12/05/2022|website=dw.com|access-date=May 7, 2023}}

{{main|George Floyd protests in the United Kingdom}}

The 2020–21 United States racial unrest has triggered protests, political gestures and policy changes in the United Kingdom, both in solidarity with the United States and in comparable protest against racism in the United Kingdom.{{cite news |title=How UK protesters are taking the spark of Black Lives Matter back to their hometowns |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/04/uk/uk-hometowns-black-lives-matter-intl/index.html |access-date=2020-12-30 |work=CNN |date=2020-12-04}} The debate over statues of certain historical figures has been a significant feature of the unrest in Britain, following the unauthorized removal of the statue of Edward Colston in Bristol on June 11 during a protest in the city.{{Cite news|last=Weiss|first=Sabrina|date=June 12, 2020|title=When we tear down racist statues, what should replace them?|language=en-GB|magazine=Wired UK|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/topple-racist-statues-uk|access-date=August 31, 2020|issn=1357-0978}}{{cite web|date=June 12, 2020|title=Are statues history? What historians think after the Edward Colston monument was toppled|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/uk/statues-uk-history-edward-colston-slave-traders-pulled-down-removed-protests-443543|access-date=August 31, 2020|website=inews.co.uk|language=en}}{{cite news|title=The other controversial statues in UK which have faced calls to be pulled down|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/uk-statues-removed-down-colston-rhodes-baden-powell-racism-a9560736.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612105857/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/uk-statues-removed-down-colston-rhodes-baden-powell-racism-a9560736.html |archive-date=2020-06-12 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|access-date=August 31, 2020|website=www.independent.co.uk|date=June 11, 2020|language=en}}{{Cite magazine|last=Russell|first=Anna|title=How Statues in Britain Began to Fall|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-uk/how-statues-in-britain-began-to-fall|access-date=August 31, 2020|magazine=The New Yorker|language=en-us}} The Culture Secretary Oliver Dowden wrote a three-page letter to MPs, peers and councillors arguing against the removal of statues.{{Cite news|last=Parveen|first=Nazia|date=June 13, 2020|title=UK government seems to rule out removal of controversial statues|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/jun/13/removal-of-controversial-statues-winston-churchill-protest|access-date=August 31, 2020|issn=0261-3077}} Prime Minister Boris Johnson condemned protesters who defaced the statue of Winston Churchill in Parliament Square in London,{{cite news |title=Protests threat to Churchill statue shameful, says Boris Johnson |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-53023351 |access-date=2020-12-30 |work=BBC News Online |date=2020-06-12}}{{cite news |title=Sadiq Khan hits back at Home Secretary Priti Patel over boarding up of Churchill statue |url=https://www.itv.com/news/london/2020-06-13/sadiq-khan-hits-back-at-home-secretary-priti-patel-over-boarding-up-of-churchill-statue |access-date=2020-12-30 |work=ITV News |date=2020-06-13}} and several statues were subsequently covered up as a precaution.{{cite news |title=Churchill statue boarded up ahead of expected UK protests on Saturday |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-minneapolis-police-protests-britain-idUSKBN23J1LO |access-date=2020-12-30 |work=Reuters |date=2020-06-12}}

{{See also|George Floyd protests#Societal impact|List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests|Reactions to the George Floyd protests}}

File:George Floyd protests in Philadelphia 04.jpg

In late May to June 2020, the high-profile murders of George Floyd and Ahmaud Arbery, along with the shooting of Breonna Taylor, led to a racial reckoning that greatly increased sentiment regarding systemic racism in the United States, with changes occurring in public opinion, government, industry, education and sports.{{r|Coleburn|Wallbank}}{{cite journal|first1=Saharsh|last1=Agarwal|first2=Ananya|last2=Sen|title=Anti-Racist Curriculum and Digital Platforms: Evidence from Black Lives Matter|url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3832015|journal=SSRN|date=June 2021|doi=10.2139/ssrn.3832015|ssrn=3832015|s2cid=238030964}}{{cite journal|first1=Divya|last1=Anand|first2=Laura|last2=Hsu|title=COVID-19 and Black Lives Matter: Examining Anti-Asian Racism and Anti-Blackness in US Education|url=https://www.ojed.org/index.php/jimphe/article/view/2656|journal=International Journal of Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Higher Education|date=August 15, 2020|issn=2474-2554|pages=190–199|volume=5|issue=1|doi=10.32674/jimphe.v5i1.2656|doi-access=free}} This racial reckoning aimed at confronting a legacy{{r|Coleburn|Wallbank}} of systemic inequality and racial injustice stemming from overt discrimination and unconscious bias in the societal treatment of black Americans, who have experienced disproportionately negative outcomes in the form of racial inequality such as in education, health care, housing, imprisonment, voting rights and wages.{{r|NYer Spring}}{{r|Coleburn}}{{cite journal|first1=Devah|last1=Pager|first2=Hana|last2=Shepherd|title=The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets|journal=Annual Review of Sociology|date=March 17, 2008 |issn=0360-0572|pages=181–209|volume=34|issue=1|doi=10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131740|pmid=20689680|pmc=2915460}}{{cite book|first1=D.|last1=Wellman|title=Handbooks of the Sociology of Racial and Ethnic Relations|chapter=Unconscious Racism, Social Cognition Theory, and the Legal Intent Doctrine: The Neuron Fires Next Time|series=Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research|date=2007|pages=39–65|publisher=Springer |location=Boston, MA |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-70845-4_4|isbn=978-0-387-70844-7|s2cid=143074905}} While most black Americans acutely felt these issues, many white Americans were insulated.{{r|NYer Spring}}

Previously, there had been protests and riots over the killings of black Americans by law enforcement. The 2014 killing of Michael Brown, the 2014 killing of Eric Garner, the 2015 Charleston church shooting, and the 2017 Charlottesville rally received headlines yet did not lead to systemic change{{r|NPR lasts}} or as wide a level of support.{{r|NPR why now}} However, the videos of Floyd's murder and police violence at protests resonated with many white Americans.{{r|Los Angeles Times push}} White people have attended the George Floyd protests and continuing related protests in greater numbers than they had prior protests of killings of black Americans by law enforcement.{{r|NYer Spring}} Demonstrators revived a public campaign for the removal of Confederate monuments and memorials as well as other historic symbols such as statues of venerated American slaveholders and modern display of the Confederate battle flag.{{r|Coleburn|Wallbank}} Public backlash widened to other institutional symbols, including place names, namesakes, brands and cultural practices. This itself has sparked conflict, between left-wing and right-wing groups, often violent. Several far-right groups, including civilian militias and white supremacists, have fought with members of "a broad coalition of leftist anti-racist groups" in street clashes.{{cite news|last=Journal-Constitution|first=Chris Joyner-The Atlanta Journal-ConstitutionMarlon A. Walker- The Atlanta|title=Protesters clash in Stone Mountain|url=https://www.ajc.com/news/protesters-clash-in-stone-mountain/3ZXGYQQJWFB6VAMZSZR74B4DXE/|access-date=September 13, 2020|newspaper=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|language=en}}{{cite news|last=Shepherd|first=Katie|date=August 22, 2020|title=Portland police stand by as Proud Boys and far-right militias flash guns and brawl with antifa counterprotesters|language=en|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/08/22/portland-police-far-right-protest/|access-date=September 12, 2020}}

By mid-June, American national culture and attitude towards racial injustice began to shift, including the Senate Armed Services Committee's approval of process to rename military facilities named for Confederate generals.{{r|NPR lasts}} American public opinion of racism and discrimination shifted in the wake of these protests. Polling of white Americans showed an increased belief in having received advantages due to their race and increased belief that black Americans received disproportionate force in policing.{{r|Coleburn}} Public opinion in support of the Black Lives Matter movement greatly increased,{{r|NYT reckoning|NYT public opinion}} with a surge of "am I racist" searches{{cite web|last=Mazumder|first=Shom|date=June 8, 2020|title=What Protests Can (And Can't) Do|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/what-protests-can-do/|access-date=October 5, 2020|website=FiveThirtyEight|language=en-US}} and a greater approval for removing Confederate statues and memorials.{{Cite news|last1=Tompkins|first1=Lucy|last2=Bogel-Burroughs|first2=Nicholas|date=July 15, 2020|title=When the Toppled Statue Is of Your Great-Great-Great-Grandfather|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/25/us/historic-statues-monuments-descendants.html|access-date=October 5, 2020|issn=0362-4331}} However, support for the Black Lives Matter movement declined by August and September 2020.{{cite web|last=Wise|first=Justin|date=September 2, 2020|title=Support for Black Lives Matter dips 9 points since June: poll|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/514749-support-for-black-lives-matter-off-9-points-since-june-poll|access-date=November 27, 2020|website=The Hill|language=en}}{{cite web|date=September 24, 2020|title=A new survey says white support for Black Lives Matter has slipped. Some historians say they're not surprised|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/09/24/metro/new-survey-says-white-support-black-lives-matter-has-slipped-some-historians-say-theyre-not-surprised/|access-date=November 27, 2020|website=Boston Globe|language=en-US}}{{Cite news|last=Joel Rose|date=September 3, 2020|title=Americans Increasingly Polarized When It Comes To Racial Justice Protests, Poll Finds|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/09/03/908878610/americans-increasingly-polarized-when-it-comes-to-racial-justice-protests-poll-f}}

{{further|White backlash|Flaggers (movement)}}

{{Multiple image

| total_width = 440

| image1 = Flag of Mississippi (2001–2020).svg

| alt1 =

| image2 = Flag of Mississippi.svg

| alt2 =

| footer = Mississippi retired its prior state flag (left)–which featured a Confederate battle flag in its canton–and adopted a new flag (right) in 2020.

| align =

| direction =

| caption1 =

| caption2 =

| perrow = 2

}}

Faced with civil unrest, politicians fulfilled promises to remove Confederate symbols.{{r|NPR highways next}} Mississippi voted to retire and replace its state flag.{{r|WaPo battle flag}} The removal of symbols caused national debate over the appropriateness of statues of figures tied to racial injustice.{{r|WSJ: toppling}}

Public conversations on race and power extended to other cultural practices. One debate addressed racial vocabulary. Various news organizations modified their style guides to capitalize "Black" as a proper noun in recognition of the term's shared political identity and experiences.{{cite web|last=Charity|first=Justin|date=July 14, 2020|title=America's Summer of Protest Brings Many Reckonings|url=https://www.theringer.com/2020/7/14/21323499/black-lives-matter-protests-racial-cultural-reckoning|access-date=July 14, 2020|website=The Ringer|language=en|archive-date=July 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715010816/https://www.theringer.com/2020/7/14/21323499/black-lives-matter-protests-racial-cultural-reckoning|url-status=live}}{{r|NYT capitalize}} Merriam-Webster modified its definition of racism.{{r|NYT reckoning}} The major sports channel ESPN began to air political commentary, reversing a longstanding mandate to separate sports from politics.{{cite news |last1=Flynn |first1=Kerry |title=ESPN and competitors ditch their 'stick to sports' mantra. Politics is now fair game |work=CNN |date=September 1, 2020 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/01/media/politics-in-sports-media/index.html |access-date=September 4, 2020 |archive-date=September 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902005034/https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/01/media/politics-in-sports-media/index.html |url-status=live }}

The recent scrutiny on race relations in the United States brought comparisons to the Weinstein effect in which the Me Too movement put pressure on public figures for legacies of sexual assault, harassment, and systemic sexism.{{r|NYer Spring|HuffPo workplace|SF Weekly performative}} Similarly, the American public, under its racial injustice reckoning, pressured American industries to confront legacies of racism.{{r|SF Weekly performative}} The resulting symbolic divestments targeted white cultural hegemony.{{r|NPR lasts}} NPR wrote that renamed landmarks and similar gestures would not provide economic opportunities or civil rights, but signaled cultural disapproval towards symbols associated with racial injustice, including the history of racism and slavery.{{r|NPR lasts}} The New Yorker compared the dispersed national response to an "American Spring" on par with the Arab Spring and other international revolutionary waves.{{r|NYer Spring}} Global protests also focused on symbols of racial injustice, with The New Yorker also having a part on international solidarity towards police violence.{{r|NYer Spring}}

File:Saks Fifth Avenue Boarded Up During Black Lives Matter Protests New York City - 49984000103.jpg's Saks Fifth Avenue during the George Floyd protests.]]

Anti-racist self-education became a trend throughout June 2020 in the United States, and black anti-racist writers found new audiences. During the Floyd protests, black-owned bookstores saw an influx of interest, especially for books on social justice topics. In the span of two weeks from early to late June, books about race went from composing none to two-thirds of The New York Times Best Seller list. Amazon sales saw a similar pattern. In comparison, no such surge happened after prior prominent Black Lives Matter demonstrations. Online library checkouts of anti-racist literature increased tenfold by mid-June. Some municipal libraries saw waitlists in the thousands per title. Amazon's tracking of daily e-book readers and audiobook listeners reflected the increased readership, when many of the aforementioned books entered its most-read list.{{r|WaPo books}}

American consumers sought out black-owned businesses to support. June saw record high Google searches for "black-owned businesses near me" and smartphone restaurant discovery apps added features for discovering black-owned restaurants. Businesses on social media lists saw significantly increased sales. Black-owned bookstores in particular had difficulty meeting demand.{{r|AP businesses}}{{cite web |last1=Fields |first1=Samantha |title=Black-owned businesses seeing an increase in sales during protests |work=Marketplace |date=June 16, 2020 |url=https://www.marketplace.org/2020/06/16/black-owned-businesses-seeing-an-increase-in-sales-during-protests/ |language=en-US |access-date=July 6, 2020 }}{{cite web |last1=Lynn |first1=Samara |title=Search for Black-owned businesses up over 1,700% and people are craving fondue: Yelp |work=ABC News |date=June 25, 2020 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/search-black-owned-businesses-1700-people-craving-fondue/story?id=71450431 |language=en |access-date=July 6, 2020 }}{{cite web |last1=Schuetz |first1=R. A. |last2=Wu |first2=Gwendolyn |last3=Drane |first3=Amanda |title=As support for Black-owned business grows, some are left behind |work=Houston Chronicle |date=July 3, 2020 |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/article/As-support-for-Black-owned-business-grows-some-15383524.php |language=en-US |access-date=July 6, 2020 }} Consumer concerns over hate speech on social media platforms caused some companies to implement temporary boycotts on advertising on certain platforms.{{cite web|title=Social Media Platforms Face Reckoning Over Hate Speech|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/silicon-valley-technology_social-media-platforms-face-reckoning-over-hate-speech/6191982.html|access-date=October 5, 2020|website=Voice of America|date=June 30, 2020 |language=en}} Many major American corporations pursued anti-racism and diversity training workshops, particularly companies seeking to be consistent with their Black Lives Matter message. Demand for these trainings had grown over time, especially since 2016, and interest in diversity training bookings spiked during this period.{{r|NYT Bergner}}

File:March on Alaska event. Anchorage, Alaska, September 7, 2020 (50328632436).jpg commemorating the 57th anniversary of the March on Washington, September 7, 2020]]

The unrest precipitated an unprecedented number of firearm sales in the United States.{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/8ddad3189eb8864e9ae6b123e09b6900|title=Background checks, a metric for gun sales, hit all-time high|date=July 1, 2020|website=AP News}} Background checks for legally purchased firearms reached record highs starting in May,{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/06/03/americans-buying-guns-and-ammo-wake-race-protests/3124011001/|title=Americans are loading up on guns and ammo in the wake of race protests|first=Dalvin|last=Brown|website=USA Today|access-date=June 30, 2020}} with year-on-year numbers up 80.2 percent{{cite web|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/lifestyle/million-americans-new-gun-owners-2020|title=Over 2M new gun owners reported in first half of 2020|first=Stephanie|last=Pagones|date=June 4, 2020|website=Fox Business|access-date=June 30, 2020}}{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/jun/1/gun-sales-surge-80-may-research-firm/|title=Gun sales surge 80% in May, says research firm|website=The Washington Times|access-date=June 30, 2020}}{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-chicago-illinois-foid-gun-ammo-sales-uncertainty-20200625-pkve27352jagnp4y5dbaubkyoy-story.html|title='Guns are flying off the shelf.' Permit applications up more than 500% amid coronavirus pandemic and George Floyd fallout.|first=Katherine|last=Rosenberg-Douglas|website=chicagotribune.com|date=June 25, 2020 |access-date=June 30, 2020}}{{cite web|url=https://www.kcrg.com/2020/07/07/background-checks-for-gun-sales-set-record-again-in-june/|title=Background checks for gun sales set record again in June|first=Ethan|last=Stein|website=kcrg.com|date=July 7, 2020 }} and running through the rest of the summer.{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/141a70c4-1608-4013-9188-f896006796fd |title=Data point to soaring US gun sales in June |newspaper=Financial Times|date=July 2, 2020 |last1=Fedor |first1=Lauren |last2=Zhang |first2=Christine }} This represented the highest monthly number of firearms transfers since the FBI began keeping records in 1998.{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/news/gun-sales-spike-fbi-background-checks-set-new-record/|title=Gun Sales Spike, FBI Background Checks Set New Record|website=National Review|date=July 1, 2020|access-date=October 14, 2020}}

In May 2020, firearms retailers surveyed by the National Shooting Sports Foundation estimated that 40 percent of their sales came from first-time gun buyers, 40 percent of those first-time gun buyers were women. Gun sales have been up across the country. A rise in first-time gun buyers in liberal-leaning states like California has helped fuel the national uptick in firearms and ammunition purchases.{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/24/business/gun-sales-spike/index.html|title=Gun and ammunition sales soar as defund-the-police movement grows|first=Chauncey |last=Alcorn|website=CNN|access-date=June 30, 2020}}{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/gun-permits-surged-during-coronavirus-211309079.html|title=Gun permits surged during coronavirus in liberal-leaning states: Report|website=finance.yahoo.com|date=June 18, 2020 |access-date=June 30, 2020}}{{cite web|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/lifestyle/gun-permits-surged-during-covid-19-in-liberal-leaning-states-report|title=Gun permits surged during coronavirus in liberal-leaning states: Report|first=Stephanie|last=Pagones|date=June 18, 2020|website=Fox Business|access-date=June 30, 2020}} June 2020 represented the largest month of firearms purchases in United States history, with Illinois purchasing more firearms than any other state.{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/07/02/886545589/amid-virus-fears-and-protests-firearm-background-checks-hit-all-time-high|title=Amid Protests And Virus Fears, Firearm Background Checks Hit All-Time High|newspaper=NPR|date=July 2, 2020|last1=Booker|first1=Brakkton}}

According to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), in the last days of May and the first week of June 2020, there were more than 90 attempted or successful burglaries of gun stores. More than 1,000 guns were stolen in that window of time. On May 31 alone, the BATF reported 29 separate burglaries targeting licensed firearm retailers.{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/06/23/gun-store-robberies-law-enforcement-336104|title=Gun store robberies alarm law enforcement officials|first=Betsy Woodruff|last=Swan|website=Politico|date=June 23, 2020 |access-date=June 30, 2020}}{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/rioters-target-loot-gun-stores|title=Gun stores common target for looters, thieves who work amid protests|first=Hollie|last=McKay|date=June 12, 2020|website=Fox News|access-date=June 30, 2020}}

File:Minneapolis Civil Unrest - East Lake Street.svg|Minneapolis civil unrest, East Lake Street

File:Saint Paul Civil Unrest - University Avenue West.svg|Saint Paul civil unrest, University Avenue West

File:Minneapolis Civil Unrest - Nicollet Avenue.svg|Minneapolis civil unrest, Midtown

File:Seattle Civil Unrest - Capitol Hill.svg|Seattle civil unrest, Capitol Hill

File:Portland Civil Unrest - Downtown.svg|Portland civil unrest, downtown

File:Kenosha Civil Unrest - Downtown.svg|Kenosha civil unrest, downtown

File:Portland Civil Unrest - Humboldt.svg|Portland civil unrest, Humboldt

{{Portal|Society|United States}}

• Killing of Manuel Ellis
• Death of Elijah McClain
• List of expulsions of African Americans
• List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
• Lynching in the United States
• Mass racial violence in the United States
• Nativism in United States politics
• Racism against African Americans
• Racism in the United States
• Slavery in the United States
• Xenophobia in the United States
• Stop Asian Hate
• Timeline of notable Black Lives Matter events and demonstrations in the United States
• 2020–21 United States election protests

; Similar periods of unrest

• Nadir of American race relations
• Red Summer (1919)
• Ghetto riots in the United States (1964–1969)
• 1965 Watts riots
• Long, hot summer of 1967
• 1968 King assassination riots
• 1980 Miami riots
• 1992 Los Angeles riots
• Arab Spring
• 2014 Ferguson unrest
• 2015 Baltimore protests
• Protests against Rodrigo Duterte
• Protests against Donald Trump
• 2017 Charlottesville protests (Unite the Right rally)

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite news |last1=Marcelo |first1=Philip |title=Black-Owned Businesses See Sales Surge Amid Racism Reckoning |agency=Associated Press |work=U.S. News & World Report |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2020-07-02/black-businesses-see-increased-sales-amid-racial-reckoning |language=en |access-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704203203/https://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2020-07-02/black-businesses-see-increased-sales-amid-racial-reckoning |archive-date=July 4, 2020 |url-status=live}}

{{cite web |last1=Coleburn |first1=Christina |title=The Ostrich Rears its Head: America's 2020 Racial Reckoning is a Victory and Opportunity |work=Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review |date=June 29, 2020 |url=https://harvardcrcl.org/the-ostrich-rears-its-head-americas-2020-racial-reckoning-is-a-victory-and-opportunity/ |language=en-US |access-date=July 3, 2020 |archive-date=September 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905213247/https://harvardcrcl.org/the-ostrich-rears-its-head-americas-2020-racial-reckoning-is-a-victory-and-opportunity/ |url-status=live}}

{{cite web |last1=Peck |first1=Emily |title=The Reckoning Over Workplace Racism Has Begun |work=HuffPost |date=2020-06-10 |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/like-me-too-but-for-racism_n_5edfee15c5b64843bde220d0 |language=en |access-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704060114/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/like-me-too-but-for-racism_n_5edfee15c5b64843bde220d0 |archive-date=July 4, 2020 |url-status=live}}

{{cite web |last1=Beason |first1=Tyrone |title='Something is not right.' George Floyd protests push white Americans to think about their privilege |work=Los Angeles Times |date=June 28, 2020 |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-06-28/white-voters-racism-reckoning-george-floyd-killing |language=en-US |access-date=June 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629072136/https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-06-28/white-voters-racism-reckoning-george-floyd-killing |archive-date=June 29, 2020 |url-status=live}}

{{cite web |last1=Small |first1=Zachary |title=Confederate Monuments Are Coming Down, Are Streets And Highways Next? |work=NPR.org |date=June 6, 2020 |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/06/06/871293043/confederate-monuments-are-coming-down-are-streets-and-highways-next |language=en |access-date=June 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629030123/https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/06/06/871293043/confederate-monuments-are-coming-down-are-streets-and-highways-next |archive-date=June 29, 2020 |url-status=live}}

{{cite web |last1=Elving |first1=Ron |title=Will This Be The Moment Of Reckoning On Race That Lasts? |work=NPR.org |date=June 13, 2020 |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/06/13/876442698/will-this-be-the-moment-of-reckoning-on-race-that-lasts |language=en |access-date=June 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629151411/https://www.npr.org/2020/06/13/876442698/will-this-be-the-moment-of-reckoning-on-race-that-lasts |archive-date=June 29, 2020 |url-status=live}}

{{cite web |last1=Demby |first1=Gene |author-link=Gene Demby |title=Why Now, White People?: Code Switch |work=NPR |date=June 16, 2020 |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/06/16/878963732/why-now-white-people |language=en |access-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705160840/https://www.npr.org/2020/06/16/878963732/why-now-white-people |archive-date=July 5, 2020 |url-status=live}}

{{Cite magazine |last1=Cobb |first1=Jelani |title=An American Spring of Reckoning |magazine=The New Yorker |date=June 14, 2020 |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/06/22/an-american-spring-of-reckoning |language=en-us |access-date=June 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626000903/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/06/22/an-american-spring-of-reckoning |archive-date=June 26, 2020 |url-status=live}}

{{Cite news |last1=Bergner |first1=Daniel |title='White Fragility' Is Everywhere. But Does Antiracism Training Work? |work=The New York Times |date=July 15, 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/15/magazine/white-fragility-robin-diangelo.html |language=en-US |access-date=August 31, 2020 |archive-date=August 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831200639/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/15/magazine/white-fragility-robin-diangelo.html |url-status=live}}

{{Cite news |last1=Eligon |first1=John |title=A Debate Over Identity and Race Asks, Are African-Americans 'Black' or 'black'? |work=The New York Times |date=June 26, 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/26/us/black-african-american-style-debate.html |language=en-US |access-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703234311/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/26/us/black-african-american-style-debate.html |archive-date=July 3, 2020 |url-status=live}}

{{Cite news |last1=Cohn |first1=Nate |last2=Quealy |first2=Kevin |title=How Public Opinion Has Moved on Black Lives Matter |work=The New York Times |date=June 10, 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/06/10/upshot/black-lives-matter-attitudes.html |language=en-US |access-date=June 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624091631/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/06/10/upshot/black-lives-matter-attitudes.html |archive-date=June 24, 2020 |url-status=live}}

{{Cite news |title=America's Reckoning on Racism Spreads Beyond Policing |work=The New York Times |date=June 10, 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/10/us/protests-black-lives-matter-george-floyd.html |language=en-US |access-date=June 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629050608/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/10/us/protests-black-lives-matter-george-floyd.html |archive-date=June 29, 2020 |url-status=live}}

{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Charles III |title=The Performative Arts |work=SF Weekly |date=June 26, 2020 |url=https://www.sfweekly.com/culture/essay/the-performative-arts/ |language=en-US |access-date=June 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629165014/https://www.sfweekly.com/culture/essay/the-performative-arts/ |archive-date=June 29, 2020 |url-status=live}}

{{Cite news |last1=Wallbank |first1=Derek |title=Washington NFL Team Bows to Pressure, Drops 'Redskins' Name |work=Bloomberg.com |date=July 13, 2020 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-13/washington-nfl-team-bows-to-pressure-drops-racist-redskins |language=en }}

{{Cite news |last1=Hohmann |first1=James |title=Analysis – The Daily 202: Mississippi removing Confederate icon from flag shows power of pressure campaigns |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=June 29, 2020 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/daily-202/2020/06/29/daily-202-mississippi-removing-confederate-icon-from-flag-shows-power-of-pressure-campaigns/5ef96ce288e0fa7b44f69e00/ |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |access-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702095047/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/daily-202/2020/06/29/daily-202-mississippi-removing-confederate-icon-from-flag-shows-power-of-pressure-campaigns/5ef96ce288e0fa7b44f69e00/ |archive-date=July 2, 2020 |url-status=live}}

{{Cite news |last1=Mayes |first1=Brittany Renee |last2=Tierney |first2=Lauren |last3=Keating |first3=Dan |title=Demand for anti-racist literature is up. These black bookstore owners hope it lasts. |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=July 2, 2020 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/business/black-owned-bookstores-anti-racist-literature/ |language=en |access-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704015208/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/business/black-owned-bookstores-anti-racist-literature/ |archive-date=July 4, 2020 |url-status=live}}

{{Cite news |last1=Restuccia |first1=Andrew |last2=Kiernan |first2=Paul |title=Toppling of Statues Triggers Reckoning Over Nation's History |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=June 23, 2020 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-seeks-to-protect-monuments-from-vandals-with-tougher-sentences-11592922449 |language=en-US |access-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200625040735/https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-seeks-to-protect-monuments-from-vandals-with-tougher-sentences-11592922449 |archive-date=June 25, 2020 |url-status=live}}

}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite news |last1=Balz |first1=Dan |title=The politics of race are shifting, and politicians are struggling to keep pace |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=July 5, 2020 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/politics/race-reckoning/ |language=en |access-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-date=September 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905213258/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/politics/race-reckoning/ |url-status=live }}
• {{cite web |last1=Fletcher |first1=Michael A. |title=America is facing a reckoning over race, but we've seen this before |work=Andscape |date=July 2, 2020 |url=https://andscape.com/features/america-is-facing-a-reckoning-over-race-but-weve-seen-this-before/ |language=en-US |access-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-date=September 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905213322/https://theundefeated.com/features/america-is-facing-a-reckoning-over-race-but-weve-seen-this-before/ |url-status=live }}
• {{cite web |last1=Friedler |first1=Delilah |title=The reckoning is about more than police violence. |work=Mother Jones |date=June 24, 2020 |url=https://www.motherjones.com/anti-racism-police-protest/2020/06/the-reckoning-is-about-more-than-police-violence/ |language=en-US |access-date=July 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704002557/https://www.motherjones.com/anti-racism-police-protest/2020/06/the-reckoning-is-about-more-than-police-violence/ |archive-date=July 4, 2020 |url-status=live }}
• {{cite news |last1=Griggs |first1=Brandon |title=This is pop culture's moment of reckoning on matters of race |work=CNN |date=June 25, 2020 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/25/entertainment/pop-culture-reckoning-race-trnd/index.html |access-date=July 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701161233/https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/25/entertainment/pop-culture-reckoning-race-trnd/index.html |archive-date=July 1, 2020 |url-status=live }}
• {{cite news |last1=Harmon |first1=Amy |author2-link=Apoorva Mandavilli |last2=Mandavilli |first2=Apoorva |last3=Maheshwari |first3=Sapna |last4=Kantor |first4=Jodi |title=From Cosmetics to NASCAR, Calls for Racial Justice Are Spreading |work=The New York Times |date=June 13, 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/13/us/george-floyd-racism-america.html |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620174026/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/13/us/george-floyd-racism-america.html |archive-date=June 20, 2020 |url-status=live }}
• {{cite news |last1=Harmon |first1=Amy |last2=Burch |first2=Audra D. S. |title=White Americans Say They Are Waking Up to Racism. What Will It Add Up To? |work=The New York Times |date=June 22, 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/us/racism-white-americans.html |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624014202/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/us/racism-white-americans.html |archive-date=June 24, 2020 |url-status=live }}
• {{cite web |last1=MacQuarrie |first1=Brian |title=In time of racial reckoning, Founding Fathers increasingly viewed through modern lens |work=The Boston Globe |date=July 15, 2020 |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/07/15/nation/time-racial-reckoning-founding-fathers-increasingly-viewed-through-modern-lens/ |language=en-US |access-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718045655/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/07/15/nation/time-racial-reckoning-founding-fathers-increasingly-viewed-through-modern-lens/ |url-status=live }}
• {{cite news |last1=McLaughlin |first1=Eliott C. |title=How George Floyd's death ignited a racial reckoning that shows no signs of slowing down |work=CNN |date=August 9, 2020 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/09/us/george-floyd-protests-different-why/index.html |access-date=September 5, 2020 }}
• {{cite news |title=Resources to understand America's long history of injustice and inequality |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=June 26, 2020 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/08/understanding-racism-inequality-america/ |language=en |access-date=July 4, 2020 |archive-date=September 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905213259/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/08/understanding-racism-inequality-america/?arc404=true |url-status=live }}
• {{cite web |last1=Thompson |first1=Alex |title=White America is reckoning with racism. It could reshape 2020. |work=Politico |date=June 9, 2020 |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/06/09/white-voters-2020-biden-304804 |language=en |access-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702110859/https://www.politico.com/news/2020/06/09/white-voters-2020-biden-304804 |archive-date=July 2, 2020 |url-status=live }}
• {{cite magazine |last1=Worland |first1=Justin |title=America's Long Overdue Awakening to Systemic Racism |magazine=Time |date=June 11, 2020 |url=https://time.com/5851855/systemic-racism-america/ |access-date=July 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624064531/https://time.com/5851855/systemic-racism-america/ |archive-date=June 24, 2020 |url-status=live }}

{{refend}}

• {{Commons category-inline|2020–2023 United States racial unrest}}
• [https://www.npr.org/series/868567696/america-reckons-with-racial-injustice "America Reckons With Racial Injustice"] – NPR's special series

{{Black Lives Matter}}

{{George Floyd protests}}

{{Riots in the United States (1980–present)}}

{{First presidency of Donald Trump}}

{{Joe Biden}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:United States racial unrest, 2020-2023}}

Category:2020 controversies in the United States

Category:2020 protests

Category:2020 riots

Category:2021 controversies in the United States

Category:2021 protests

Category:2021 riots

Category:2022 protests

Category:2023 protests

Category:African-American riots in the United States

Category:Black Lives Matter

Category:Deaths in police custody in the United States

Category:Filmed killings by law enforcement

Category:Law enforcement controversies in the United States

Category:Police brutality in the United States

Category:Post–civil rights era in African-American history

Category:Protests against police brutality

Category:Protests in the United States

Category:Race-related controversies in the United States

Category:First presidency of Donald Trump

Category:Presidency of Joe Biden