Universal Camouflage Pattern
{{Short description|United States Army pattern (2005–2019)}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox military gear
| name = Universal Camouflage Pattern
| image = Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP).jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = A sample of the UCP pattern
| origin = United States
| type = Military camouflage pattern
| service = 2005–2019 (U.S. Army){{efn|Some limited usage from 2004 to 2005 for prototype testing.}}{{efn|Discontinued on uniforms in 2019, now only remains in service in limited capacities such as on some cold weather equipment, overgear, and older body armor.{{Cite web|url = https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/10/01/say-goodbye-hated-army-ucp-uniform.html|title = Say Goodbye to the Hated Army UCP Uniform|date = October 2019|access-date = 8 October 2019|archive-date = 8 October 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191008090048/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/10/01/say-goodbye-hated-army-ucp-uniform.html|url-status = live}}{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.stripes.com/polopoly_fs/1.631982.1591002413%21/image/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_900/image.jpg |title=image.jpg |type=JPG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601120942/https://www.stripes.com/polopoly_fs/1.631982.1591002413!/image/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_900/image.jpg |archive-date=June 1, 2020 |url-status=dead}}}}
| used_by = State Defense Forces
See Users for non-U.S. users
| wars = (In U.S. service):
War in Afghanistan
Iraq War
(In Non-U.S. service):
Mexican drug war
Insurgency in Northern Chad
Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
Syrian civil war
Yemeni civil war
Myanmar civil war
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmLBNCfXC34&t=23m40s Myanmar: The Rebel Army]. ARTE. April 18, 2024
Russo-Ukrainian War
| designer =
| design_date = 2004
| manufacturer =
| unit_cost =
| production_date = 2004–present
| spec_label =
| weight =
| length =
| width =
| height =36 in.{{efn|+1.25”, -2.5” inch; exactly 1 yard (with some tolerance)}} (91.44 cm){{efn|+3.175, -6.35 cm}} repeat{{cite web|url=https://ciehub.info/spec/PD/GL-PD-10-07_2009-10-26.pdf|title=GL/PD 10-07 Cloth, Duck, Textured nylon|date=26 October 2009|website=CIE Hub (clothing & individual equipment) |access-date=22 February 2025|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612080648/https://ciehub.info/spec/PD/GL-PD-10-07_2009-10-26.pdf|url-status=live |page=9 |quote=Style D Universal Camouflage - 36.00 (+1.25, -2.50) inches in the warp direction.}}
| diameter =
}}
The Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP) is a digital camouflage pattern formerly used by the United States Army in their Army Combat Uniform.{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/we-should-permanently-post-more-us-troops-abroad-655952|title=We should permanently post more U.S. troops abroad. For their own sake|date=28 August 2017|work=Newsweek|access-date=28 August 2017|archive-date=29 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829025527/http://www.newsweek.com/we-should-permanently-post-more-us-troops-abroad-655952|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.armystudyguide.com/content/powerpoint/Uniforms_Presentations/acu-presentation-2.shtml|title=ACU Presentation|website=ArmyStudyGuide.com|access-date=27 June 2009|archive-date=7 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307052623/http://www.armystudyguide.com/content/powerpoint/Uniforms_Presentations/acu-presentation-2.shtml|url-status=live}}
Laboratory and field tests from 2002 to 2004 showed a pattern named "All-Over Brush" to provide the best concealment of the patterns tested.{{Cite web |last=Cramer |first=Guy |date=21 May 2013 |title=U.S. Army Camouflage Improvement Explained |url=https://www.hyperstealth.com/camo-improvement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608001633/http://www.hyperstealth.com/camo-improvement |archive-date=8 June 2013 |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=www.hyperstealth.com}} At the end of the trials, Desert Brush was selected as the winner over 12 other experimental patterns.{{efn|Desert Brush won over (12) other experimental pattern schemes' terrain categories.
List of competing camouflage patterns by scheme (Brush, Track, etc) in terrain categories (Woodland, Desert, Urban, & Desert-Urban), not including Phase III's universal shift.
Desert terrain iterations of Brush are more effective universally than the following terrain categories:
Shadowline
(1)Woodland
(2)Desert
(3)Urban
(4)Desert-Urban
Brush
(5)Woodland I-II
(X)not Desert I-III, it won (including Desert Brush Mod)
(6)Urban I
(7)Desert-Urban I
Track
(8)Woodland I-III (including Woodland Track Mod)
(9)Desert I-II
(10)Urban I, II, & IIIA/B (including Light/Dark Urban Track Mod)
(11)Desert-Urban I-II
Scorpion
(12)Transitional/Multi-Environment I-II (aka Scorpion 'Unmod' and Scorpion Mod, also Scorpion W1)
– (dugas.ppt slides 7, 14,15, 19)}}{{efn|Desert Brush II won over (15) other colorways of camouflage patterns.
List of competing camouflage patterns by each colorway
Desert Brush beat the following camouflage pattern colorways:
Shadowline
(1)Woodland
(2)Desert
(3)Urban
(4)Desert-Urban
Brush
(5)Woodland I-II
(X)not Desert I-II, it won
(6)Desert III – Desert Brush Mod
(7)Urban I
(8)Desert-Urban I
Track
(9)Woodland I-II
(10)Woodland III – Woodland Track Mod
(11)Desert I-II
(12)Urban I-II
(13)Urban IIIA/B – Light & Dark Mod Urban Track (both look very similar)
(14)Desert-Urban I-II
Scorpion
(15)Transitional/Multi-Environment I-II(mod vs unmod also look very similar)
– (dugas.ppt slides 7, 14,15, 19)}}{{efn|Desert Brush II won over (19) other standard and experimental camouflage patterns (in colorways). (Or, 20 w/ experimental Urban MARPAT, 19 without it.)
List of standard and competing camouflage patterns by each colorway
Desert Brush beat the following camouflage pattern colorways:
Shadowline
(1)Woodland
(2)Desert
(3)Urban
(4)Desert-Urban
Brush
(5)Woodland I-II
(X)not Desert I-II, it won
(6)Desert III – Desert Brush Mod
(7)Urban I
(8)Desert-Urban I
Track
(9)Woodland I-II
(10)Woodland III – Woodland Track Mod
(11)Desert I-II
(12)Urban I-II
(13)Urban IIIA/B – Light & Dark Mod Urban Track (both look very similar)
(14)Desert-Urban I-II
Scorpion
(15)Transitional/Multi-Environment I-II(mod vs unmod also look very similar)
Standard
(16)US Woodlands
(17)Tricolor Desert
(18)MARPAT Woodland
(19)MARPAT Desert
(? 20)MARPAT Urban
– (dugas.ppt slides 7, 14,15, 19)}}{{cite web |last1=Dugas |first1=A. |last2=Zupkofska |first2=K. J. |last3=DiChiara |first3=A. |last4=Kramer |first4=F. M. |date=December 2004 |orig-date=See also ADM001736, Proceedings for the Army Science Conference (24th) Held on 29 November - 2 December 2005 in Orlando, Florida. |title=Universal Camouflage for the Future Warrior |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA433081.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090516212535/http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433081&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2009 |access-date=27 June 2009 |website=US Army Natick Soldier Center (NSC) |publisher=US Army Research, Development & Engineering Command (RDECOM) |place=Natick, MA |type=Technical Report - NISO Form 298 |via=Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) |id=ADA433081}}{{Cite web |last1=Dugas |first1=Anabela |last2=Kramer |first2=F. M. |date=15 December 2004 |title=dugas.ppt as .PDF |url=https://milspecmonkey.com/articles/acu/dugas.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216150433/https://milspecmonkey.com/articles/acu/dugas.pdf |archive-date=16 December 2019 |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=Mil-spec Monkey |publisher=Individual Protection Directorate (IPD), Supporting Science & Technology Directorate |type=Presented at biannual International Soldier Systems Center Conference (ISSC) from 13-16 December 2004 |via=Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) |agency=US Army Natick Soldier Center (NSC); US Army Research, Development & Engineering Command (RDECOM)}}{{cite web |last1=Dugas |first1=Anabela |last2=Kramer |first2=F. M. |date=15 December 2004 |title=dugas.ppt |url=http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2004issc/wednesday/dugas.ppt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811125947/http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2004issc/wednesday/dugas.ppt |archive-date=11 August 2013 |access-date=29 June 2009 |website=Individual Protection Directorate (IPD), Supporting Science & Technology Directorate |publisher=US Army Natick Soldier Center (NSC) |via=Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) |agency=US Army Research, Development & Engineering Command (RDECOM)}}{{cite web |last=Carroll |first=Ward |date=9 April 2007 |title=Defense Tech: Singing the ACU Blues |url=http://defensetech.org/2007/04/09/singing-the-acu-blues/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722010844/http://defensetech.org/2007/04/09/singing-the-acu-blues/ |archive-date=22 July 2012 |access-date=9 October 2012 |website=Defense Tech |publisher=Military Advantage, A Monster Company |type=archived, original link dead between 16 August 2017 - 5 November 2018 (at 12:07:41 AM and 1:18:13 AM EDT)}} The winning Desert Brush pattern was not used as the final Universal pattern. Instead, U.S. Army leadership utilized pixelated patterns of Canadian CADPAT and U.S. Marine Corps MARPAT, then recolored them based on three universal colors developed in the Army's 2002 to 2004 tests, to be called UCP with significantly less disruptive capability than either of its prior familial patterns.{{cite web |date=14 June 2004 |title=Facts: Army Combat Uniform |url=http://www.tradoc.army.mil/pao/fact_sheets/ACU/ACUstandinginfo.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820112501/http://www.tradoc.army.mil/pao/fact_sheets/ACU/ACUstandinginfo.htm |archive-date=20 August 2012 |access-date=31 December 2024 |website=U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command Office of the Chief of Public affairs |publisher=U.S. Army |type=archived, original link dead sometime between 20 August 2012 - 22 September 2012 (at 7:25:01 AM EDT and 11:27:07 AM EDT)}}{{cite web |last=Cramer |first=Guy |date=13 July 2004 |title=Dual Texture - U.S. Army Digital Camouflage |url=http://www.uniteddynamics.com/dualtex/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111194042/http://www.uniteddynamics.com/dualtex/ |archive-date=11 November 2020 |access-date=10 July 2009 |publisher=United Dynamics Corp. |type=exact date (at start of end links, highlighted by black rectangle outline spanning entire width of page): https:// web.archive.org/web/20201112035440/http://www.hyperstealth.com/CADPAT-MARPAT.htm}} The final UCP was then adopted without field testing against other patterns.
Soldiers serving in Iraq and Afghanistan questioned the UCP's effectiveness as a concealment method. Some felt that it was endangering their missions and their lives. In response, the U.S. Army conducted several studies to find a modification or replacement for the standard issue pattern.{{cite news|last=Engber|first=Daniel|title=Lost in the Wilderness, the Military's Misadventures in Pixelated Camouflage|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2012/07/camouflage_problems_in_the_army_the_ucp_and_the_future_of_digital_camo_.single.html|access-date=27 September 2012|newspaper=State|date=6 July 2012|archive-date=27 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927022938/http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2012/07/camouflage_problems_in_the_army_the_ucp_and_the_future_of_digital_camo_.single.html|url-status=live}} In July 2014,{{cite web |last=Gould |first=Joe |date=31 July 2014 |title=Army Announces Rollout Date for New Camo |url=http://www.armytimes.com/article/20140731/NEWS07/307310083/Army-announces-rollout-date-new-camo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140801011930/http://www.armytimes.com/article/20140731/NEWS07/307310083/Army-announces-rollout-date-new-camo |archive-date=1 August 2014 |website=Army Times |publisher=Gannett}}{{cite web |date=23 May 2014 |title=Army Selects New Camouflage Pattern |url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/05/23/army-selects-new-camouflage-pattern.html?ESRC=todayinmil.sm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524022522/http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/05/23/army-selects-new-camouflage-pattern.html?ESRC=todayinmil.sm |archive-date=24 May 2014 |access-date=23 May 2014 |website=Military.com}} the Army announced that Operational Camouflage Pattern would replace all UCP-patterned ACU uniforms by the end of September 2019.{{Cite web |title=Army Combat Uniform Summary of Changes |url=https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/396739.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228161925/https://www.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/396739.pdf |archive-date=December 28, 2016 |url-status=live |website=United States Army}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.armyuniformchanges.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/New-OCP-Uniform-Fielding-Update.jpg |title=New OCP Uniform Fielding Update |access-date=23 September 2016 |archive-date=1 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701120403/http://www.armyuniformchanges.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/New-OCP-Uniform-Fielding-Update.jpg |url-status=dead }} However, UCP remains in service in limited capacities, such as on some cold weather overgear and older body armor.
Selection
{{Main|U.S. Army universal camouflage trials}}
In May 2001 to June 2004, the United States Army's Universal Camouflage For The Future Warrior trials were a uniform camouflage enhancement program, to at first make environment-specific patterns, to then later make a pattern that would mask the wearer in all environments. The disadvantage of an all-in-one pattern is that it has to account for too many factors at once, such as amount of visual clutter{{Cite web |last=Ramsley |first=Alvin O. |date=July 1979 |title=Camouflage Patterns - Effects of Size and Color |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADC020935.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103000000/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADC020935.pdf |archive-date=3 November 2015 |access-date=25 December 2024 |page=15 |via=Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)}} [https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADC020935 Alt URL] (disruptiveness–Woodland dark and high contrast, dense foliage branches,{{Cite web |last=Biberdorf |first=Curt |date=November 2002 |title=Better Blend - Camouflage patterns for future uniforms undergo evaluation |url=http://www.natick.army.mil/about/pao/pubs/warrior/02/novdec/conceal.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030422205311/http://www.natick.army.mil/about/pao/pubs/warrior/02/novdec/conceal.htm |archive-date=22 April 2003 |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=SBCCOM Website Blue |type=The Warrior Magazine}}{{Cite web |last=Biberdorf |first=Curt |date=November 2002 |title=Better Blend - Camouflage patterns for future uniforms undergo evaluation |url=http://www.ssc.army.mil/about/pao/pubs/warrior/02/novdec/novdec.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040119133331/http://www.ssc.army.mil/about/pao/pubs/warrior/02/novdec/novdec.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2004 |archive-format=PDF |access-date=2 August 2024 |website=SBCCOM Website Blue |type=The Warrior Magazine}} Desert sparse, bright and low contrast terrain and Urban close-range geometric straight-edge terrain of buildings and houses{{Cite web |date=May 1996 |title=Urban Camouflage |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/1996/warrior_96_may_camo.htm |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211012751/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/1996/warrior_96_may_camo.htm |archive-date=11 February 2011 |access-date=29 August 2024 |website=The Warrior Magazine |publisher=NSC Public Affairs Office |type=-!-) (Webarchive = Less Ads) (-!- |via=Global Security Website}}), and at nighttime specifically, high reflectance variation when viewed through night vision devices (Woodland environment's leaves extremely high reflectance versus Desert's grains of sand and rocks' lower reflectance).{{Cite web |last=Cramer |first=Guy |date=11 June 2013 |title=Why US4CES? |url=https://www.hyperstealth.com/US4CES-ALPHA/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622061125/https://www.hyperstealth.com/US4CES-ALPHA/index.html |archive-date=22 June 2013 |access-date=27 December 2024 |website=www.hyperstealth.com |at=(See Spectral Varieties Over Land data chart nearly half way through the article)}}
= Development =
In 2002, three patterns were developed, called All-Over Brush, Track, and Shadowline. For each pattern, there were four color combinations, which corresponded to a specific type of terrain, however, all four patterns used tan as their base color.
There were 15 evaluations total, which took place at locations across the contiguous United States.
= Phase I =
In late 2002, the camouflage patterns were rated on their blending, brightness, contrast, and detection by U.S. Army soldiers, during the daytime, and also at night using Near-Infrared (NIR) night vision devices. During Phase I of testing, only daytime evaluations were conducted. Due to the more time efficient and cost-effective method of printing via inkjet sprayers, colors of the patterns were adjusted to how they would be viewed when under NIR conditions.{{efn|"From Phase I to II, inkjets were printed to incorporate NIR attributes." - (dugas.ppt slide 16 in speaker notes)|name=}} Inkjet reactive and acid dyes{{Cite web |date=30 July 2004 |title=Facility sifts out camouflage design duds |url=http://www.ssc.army.mil/about/pao/2004/04-32.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041016041543/http://www.ssc.army.mil/about/pao/2004/04-32.htm |archive-date=16 October 2004 |access-date=2 August 2024 |website=Soldier Systems Center (SSC) Website Yellow |place=NATICK, Mass |type=Press Release - CEF Tour}} are not NIR compliant. For the remainder of the phases, production printing with regular dyes and mechanical rollers were used. Scorpion (Unmodified) was included in Phase I of the trials.{{efn|"“Crye” (Scorpion) is the camouflage intended for all environments that... was included in evaluations." - ln 54-56 of Better blend (The Warrior article) website archive, not PDF, Nov 2002 (before start of early 2003 tests)
full: "“Crye” is the camouflage intended for all environments that’s now being modeled by Objective Force Warrior and was included in evaluations."|name=}}
Following testing, the Shadowline pattern was eliminated, along with the urban and desert-urban colorways of All-Over Brush. All four of the Track patterns were accepted along with All-Over Brush's woodland and desert colorways.
=Phases II and III=
File:Phase II & IV Track Urban Camo Close-Up Swatch.png
File:Phase II & IV All-Over Brush Desert Camo Close-Up Swatch.pngIn 2003, the patterns were then modified and tested alongside a "Contractor-Developed Mod" pattern, Scorpion, developed in conjunction with Crye Precision. Phase II's near-infrared nighttime testing determined that black, medium gray, and medium tan were the only colors that gave acceptable performance.{{efn|(dugas.ppt slide 16)|name=}}
=Phase IV (System level)=
In 2004, all four remaining patterns, Desert Brush, Woodland Track Mod, Scorpion Mod, and Urban Track were then tested alongside each other in two sets of evaluations in woodland, desert, and urban environments. Full Future Force Warrior ensembles were fabricated for testing.
=Results=
The Desert Brush design received the best overall mean daytime visual rating. The Contractor-Developed Mod pattern received highest rating in woodland environments, but low ratings in desert and urban environments. Urban Track was generally the 3rd or 4th worst performer at each site, but was the best performer in nighttime environments. Infrared testing showed negligible differences in the performance of the four patterns. Natick rated the patterns from best to worst as: Desert Brush, Woodland Track Mod, Contractor-Developed Mod (Scorpion), and Urban Track.
Color selection
The color scheme of the UCP is composed of tan, gray, and sage green (officially named Desert Sand 500, Urban Gray 501, and Foliage Green 502).{{Cite web |title=Update of Army NSC Airdrop/Air Delivery Equipment Color Transition |url=https://www3.natick.army.mil/sshottop.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051112193537/https://www3.natick.army.mil/sshottop.htm |archive-date=12 November 2005 |access-date=26 December 2024 |website=Natick Soldier Center (NSC) website}} The pattern is notable for its elimination of the color black.{{cite web |url=http://www.hyperstealth.com/acupat/ |title=New Digital U.S. Army Combat Uniform eliminates Black in pattern |last=Cramer |first=Guy |year=2004 |website=HyperStealth Biotechnology Corp. |access-date=27 June 2009 |archive-date=1 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901201013/http://www.hyperstealth.com/acupat/ |url-status=live }} Justification given for the omission of black was that black is a color not commonly found in nature.{{cite web |url=https://peosoldier.army.mil/faqs/acu.asp |title=Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Army Combat Uniform |date=24 February 2012 |website=Program Executive Office Soldier |publisher=U.S. Army |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214114004/https://peosoldier.army.mil/faqs/acu.asp |archive-date=14 February 2013}} Pure black viewed through night vision goggles can appear extremely dark and create an undesirable high-contrast image.{{citation needed|date=December 2024|reason=Dont remove pls..! (Objectively untrue? Many patterns use black–but I wouldn't be surprised if the Army said this at some point) For example if you look at US4CES, the black in it works mostly well (https://www.hyperstealth.com/GenIII-NVG/index.html). I'd imagine it'd be more dependent on which dyes are used and whether they're NIR compliant or not. - sgt}}
Controversy
File:170514-N-FV745-0256 - Philippine soldier prepares to fire off a mortar round with U.S. Army soldiers.jpgFile:US Army Afghanistan 2006.jpg, Afghanistan]]
The U.S. Army incorrectly reported to the media that the basis for the UCP was the Urban Track pattern,{{citation needed|date=December 2024|reason=Dont remove pls..! The Army probably did claim UCP uses Urban Track's colors (even if originally vague in wording) given the amount of press coverage and senate interference Universal camouflage and the ACU received.}} which had been modified through the removal of black from the pattern and pixelated and then reverted in the interest of effectiveness. Pattern comparisons subsequently established that the information provided by the U.S. Army was incorrect, and that the pattern was simply a three-colored version of MARPAT, a derivative of the Canadian CADPAT scheme. No evidence has been presented by the U.S. Army that the new UCP pattern had undergone proper field testing. In later tests conducted by the Natick Soldier Center, results indicated that UCP did not fare well against other multi-environment patterns.{{Cite web |last1=Rock |first1=Kathryn |last2=Lesher |first2=Larry |last3=Stewardson |first3=Cheryl |last4=Isherwood |first4=Kristine |last5=Hepfinger |first5=Lisa |date=23 June 2009 |title=Photosimulation Camouflage Detection Test |url=https://soldiersystems.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/photosimulation-camouflage-detection-test.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708104034/https://soldiersystems.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/photosimulation-camouflage-detection-test.pdf |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=25 December 2024 |website=Natick Soldier Center (NSC) |via=Soldier Systems Daily (SSD) |id=NATICK/TR-09-021L; 63001}}{{Cite web |last1=Hepfinger |first1=Lisa |last2=Stewardson |first2=Cheryl |last3=Rock |first3=Kathryn |last4=Leshner |first4=Larry L. |last5=Kramer |first5=F. Matthew |last6=McIntosh |first6=Scotlund |last7=Patterson |first7=Joseph |last8=Isherwood |first8=Kristine |last9=Rogers |first9=Glenn |last10=Nguyen |first10=Hien |date=December 2010 |title=Soldier Camouflage for Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF): Pattern-in-Picture (PIP) Technique for Expredient Human-in-the-Loop Camouflage Assessment |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA532947.pdf |access-date=25 December 2024 |website=US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, 15 Kansas Street, Natick, MA, 01760-5020 |type=To be presented at the 27th Army Science Conference, JW Marriott Grande Lakes, Orlando, Florida, November 29 - December 2, 2010 |via=Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) |id=ADA532947}}{{cite news |last=Cox |first=William |date=17 September 2009 |title=UCP Fares Poorly in Army Camo Test |url=http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/09/army_camo_test_091509w/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720193827/http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/09/army_camo_test_091509w/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 July 2012 |access-date=17 September 2009 |newspaper=Army Times |publisher=Army Times Publishing Company |type=Army Times unable to be webarchived, all articles are now lost media - 16 December 2024}}
Following building criticism of the poor effectiveness of the pattern in most terrains in the Afghan and Middle Eastern theaters of operations, the use of the pattern was discussed within the U.S. Congress. A bill passed by Congress in 2009 ordered the Department of Defense to "take immediate action to provide combat uniforms to personnel deployed to Afghanistan with a camouflage pattern that is suited to the environment of Afghanistan."{{Cite web |date=17 June 2009 |title=Congress Cares About Camo |url=http://soldiersystems.net/2009/06/17/congress-cares-about-camo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628075407/http://soldiersystems.net/2009/06/17/congress-cares-about-camo/ |archive-date=28 June 2009 |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=Soldier Systems Daily (SSD)}}{{cite news |last=Maze |first=Rick |date=21 June 2009 |title=Troops in Afghanistan would get new uniforms |url=http://armytimes.com/news/2009/06/military_afghanistan_uniforms_061509w/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090904075315/http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/06/military_afghanistan_uniforms_061509w/ |archive-date=4 September 2009 |access-date=13 August 2009 |work=Army Times |publisher=Army Times Publishing Company}}
In the interim, the Army conducted a brief in-country test of replacements for use in Afghanistan that included "UCP Delta", a variant of UCP that added coyote brown, and the commercial pattern MultiCam,{{Cite web |date=September 2009 |title=Camo for Afghanistan - The Rest of the Story |url=https://soldiersystems.net/camo-for-afghanistan-the-rest-of-the-story/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090927184224/https://soldiersystems.net/camo-for-afghanistan-the-rest-of-the-story/ |archive-date=27 September 2009 |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=Soldier Systems Daily (SSD)}} which had been created by Crye Associates and was based on their original Scorpion pattern from 2002. MultiCam was quickly selected and issued to all troops deployed to Afghanistan.
Replacement
{{Main|Operational Camouflage Pattern}}
In 2014, the United States Army announced the replacement of UCP.{{cite web |last=Dickson |first=Caitlin |date=14 October 2013 |title=The Army's $5 Billion New Uniform Already Being Replaced |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/the-hero-project/articles/2013/10/14/the-army-s-5-billion-new-uniform-already-being-replaced.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122080646/http://www.thedailybeast.com/the-hero-project/articles/2013/10/14/the-army-s-5-billion-new-uniform-already-being-replaced.html |archive-date=22 January 2014 |access-date=25 January 2014 |website=The Daily Beast |publisher=IAC/InterActiveCorp}} On 31 July 2014, the Army formally announced that a modified version of the original Scorpion pattern, Scorpion W2, had been chosen as the new Operational Camouflage Pattern (OCP), which would begin being issued on uniforms in summer 2015. Authorization of UCP uniforms ended on 1 October 2019,{{cite web |url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/08/06/army-unveils-design-changes-for-new-camo-uniform.html?ESRC=todayinmil.sm |title=Army Unveils Design Changes for New Camo Uniform |last=Cox |first=Matthew |date=6 August 2014 |website=Military.com |publisher=Military Advantage, A Monster Company |access-date=7 August 2014 |archive-date=10 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810044443/http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/08/06/army-unveils-design-changes-for-new-camo-uniform.html?ESRC=todayinmil.sm |url-status=live }} though still sees some limited usage on other gear such as some body armor and cold weather overgear.
As the Army began phasing out UCP, many state defense forces began adopting it as their uniform.{{cite web |author= |title=What is the CSMR? |url=http://csmrsoldier.com/sample-page-2/ |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521111441/http://csmrsoldier.com/sample-page-2/ |archive-date=21 May 2018 |access-date=20 May 2018 |publisher=California State Military Reserve}}{{cite web |url=https://dmna.ny.gov/news/?id=1284645323 |title=New York Guard Members to Begin Wearing Modified ACU |last=Mendie |first=Ubon |date=16 September 2010 |website=dmna.ny.gov |access-date=20 May 2018 |archive-date=21 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521104556/https://dmna.ny.gov/news/?id=1284645323 |url-status=live }}
Users
File:IAF Camouflage 2022 - Model.jpg
{{Multiple image
|image1=SAJ ACUPAT camo.jpg
|image2=SAJ_M4_rifle.JPG
|footer=Serbian gendarmes wearing UCP-patterned BDUs
}}
===Current===
- {{flag|Afghanistan}}: Used by Taliban
and Afghan military forces after being captured from Republic of Afghanistan troops. - {{flag|Argentina}}: Used by the Grupo Especial Uno.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=127}}
- {{flag|Azerbaijan}}: Used by the Azeri Ministry of Interior's Kobra Special Group.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=199}}
- {{flag|Bolivia}}: Regular UCP used by the Bolivian Police's UTARC and GICE units; dark UCP used by the UTOP.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=132}}
- {{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
- {{flag|Chad}}: UCP clones used by some Chadian commando units and by Chadian Gendarmerie anti-poaching units.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=19}}
- {{flag|Chile}}: Used by the Chilean Air Force as uniform for airmen.{{Cite web |title=SOLDADO {{!}} TROPA PROFESIONAL |trans-title=Soldier {{!}} Professional Troop |url=https://www.fach.mil.cl/soldado/index.html |website=fach.mil.cl |language=es}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.operatoreditor.com/camoTest.html |title=Mike DreisĀ"s - Operator Editor - Gallery 2 |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016045553/http://www.operatoreditor.com/camoTest.html |url-status=live }}
- {{flag|Cyprus}}: Used by Cypriot special forces.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=219}}
- {{flag|Hungary}}: Used by Counter-Terrorism Center operators.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=394}}
- {{flag|India}}: Used for urban operations only by MARCOS commandos and Paras.{{Cite web|url=https://defencelover.in/camouflage-uniform-para-sf-marcos-garud-commandos/|title=What are the Camouflage Uniforms of Para SF, MARCOS, and Garud Commandos?|access-date=6 October 2019|archive-date=6 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006135821/https://defencelover.in/camouflage-uniform-para-sf-marcos-garud-commandos/|url-status=live}} The Indian Air Force adopted a similar pattern in 2022.{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/iaf-ground-staff-get-new-digital-camouflage-uniform/article65985287.ece | title=IAF ground staff get new digital camouflage uniform | date=9 October 2022 }}
- {{flag|Iran}}: UCP clones used by the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy Marine Command and some Basiji special operations forces.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=243}}
- {{flag|Kazakhstan}}: Used by almost all branches of the Kazakh ground forces. Their version of UCP is similar to UCP-D but with a light green inlay instead of a brown one. Called "KazTcifra" it makes not just an interesting blend for the wearer but also actually manages to fit the terrain well.{{Cite web |url=https://www.camopedia.org/index.php?title=Kazakhstan |title=Kazakhstan - Camopedia |access-date=18 December 2021 |archive-date=18 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218103034/https://www.camopedia.org/index.php?title=Kazakhstan |url-status=live }}{{better source needed|date=March 2022}}
- {{flag|Lebanon}}: Lebanese Marine Commandos use both local copies and surplus UCP ACU uniforms from U.S. Army.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
- {{flag|Malaysia}}: Supplied and used by the Special Task and Rescue unit.{{cite web |title=Agensi Penguatkuasaan Maritim Malaysia Jabatan Perdana Menteri |trans-title=Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency Prime Minister's Department |url=https://www.mmea.gov.my/artikel/Tender_SebutHarga/sebutharga_april_2015/Bekalan%20Pakaian%20Celoreng%20Digital/Kenyataan%20Sebut%20Harga%20Bekalan%20Pakaian%20Celoreng%20Digital.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815164231/https://www.mmea.gov.my/artikel/Tender_SebutHarga/sebutharga_april_2015/Bekalan%20Pakaian%20Celoreng%20Digital/Kenyataan%20Sebut%20Harga%20Bekalan%20Pakaian%20Celoreng%20Digital.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2018 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=mmea.gov.my |language=Malay}}
- {{flag|Mexico}}: Used by the Sinaloa State Police's Special Anti-Kidnapping Unit.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=166}}
- {{flag|Montenegro}}: Used by the Montenegrin Special Anti-Terrorist Unit.{{Cite web |url=https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Inostranstvo/Region/Specijalna-antiteroristicka-jedinica-Crne-Gore-SAJ-English.html#sthash.CADkM9tb.dpbs |title=Specijalne-jedinice.com | Special Anti-terrorist Unit of the Republic of Montenegro |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822213809/https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Inostranstvo/Region/Specijalna-antiteroristicka-jedinica-Crne-Gore-SAJ-English.html#sthash.CADkM9tb.dpbs |url-status=dead }}
- {{flag|Moldova}}: Known to be used by operators of the Posebna Jedinica Policije.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=414}}
- {{flag|North Macedonia}}: Used by the Rapid Deployment Unit.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}
- {{flag|Paraguay}}: Used by Paraguayan National Police's Grupo Lince unit with dark colored palettes.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=173}}
- {{flag|Peru}}
- {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}: Used by Royal Saudi Air Force personnel, which has a darker color palette.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=309}}
- {{flag|Serbia}}: Used by the Serbian Special Anti–Terrorist Unit only in operations inside cities/towns with UCP-patterned BDUs.{{Cite web |url=https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Srbija/SAJ-English.html#sthash.H0GnUwyq.dpbs |title=Specijalne-jedinice.com | Special Anti-terrorist Unit-SAU |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722213534/https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Srbija/SAJ-English.html#sthash.H0GnUwyq.dpbs |url-status=dead }} Also used by the Gendarmery.{{Cite web |url=https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Srbija/Zandarmerija-English.html#sthash.6Ofm6yco.dpbs |title=Specijalne-jedinice.com | Gendarmerie of the Republic of Serbia |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722213522/https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Srbija/Zandarmerija-English.html#sthash.6Ofm6yco.dpbs |url-status=dead }}
- {{flag|Tajikistan}}{{cite news |title=Taliban, Tajikistan embroiled in battle of words, saber-rattling |url=https://eurasianet.org/taliban-tajikistan-embroiled-in-battle-of-words-saber-rattling |access-date=23 June 2024 |publisher=Eurasianet}}
- {{flag|Ukraine}}: Used by some units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine from special forces to airborne units.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=461}}
=Former=
- {{flag|South Korea}}: Was worn by KATUSA units.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=315}}
- {{flag|United States}}: Former standard-issued camouflage of the U.S. Army from 2005 to 2019.{{efn|Some limited usage from 2004 to 2005 for prototype testing.}}{{efn|Discontinued on uniforms in 2019, now only remains in service in limited capacities such as on some cold weather equipment, overgear, and older body armor.{{Cite web|url = https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/10/01/say-goodbye-hated-army-ucp-uniform.html|title = Say Goodbye to the Hated Army UCP Uniform|date = October 2019|access-date = 8 October 2019|archive-date = 8 October 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191008090048/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/10/01/say-goodbye-hated-army-ucp-uniform.html|url-status = live}}{{Cite web | url = https://www.stripes.com/polopoly_fs/1.631982.1591002413!/image/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_900/image.jpg | website = stripes.com | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210428001040/https://www.stripes.com/polopoly_fs/1.631982.1591002413%21/image/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_900/image.jpg | archive-date = April 28, 2021 | title = Security in front of the Georgia State Capitol}}}}
- {{Army|United States|size=23px}}: Vests, webbing, gear and helmet covers remain in use for training reserves.
- {{Air force|United States}}: Utilized helmet covers, vests, armor, webbing and gear from U.S. Army to collaborate with former Airman Battle Uniform.
- {{navy|United States|size=23px}}: Uniforms and equipment utilized by Navy individual augmentees attached with Army units.
- {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Energy.svg|size=23px}} U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management: Used by members of the Federal Protective Forces
See also
Other CADPAT-derived digital camouflage:
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
=Bibliography=
- {{cite book |last1=Larson |first1=Eric H. |title=Camouflage: International Ground Force Patterns, 1946–2017 |date=2021 |publisher=Pen & Sword |location=Barnsley |isbn=9781526739537}}
External links
- [https://www.army.mil/article/121866/Army_testing_combat_boots__camouflage_patterns/ Army testing combat boots, camouflage patterns]
{{commons category|Universal Camouflage Pattern}}
{{Camouflage}}