Upper Austria#History

For a long period of the Middle Ages, much of what would become Upper Austria constituted Traungau, a region of the Duchy of Bavaria. In the mid-13th century, it became known as the Principality above the Enns River ({{lang|de|Fürstentum ob der Enns}}), this name being first recorded in 1264. (At the time, the term "Upper Austria" also included Tyrol and various scattered Habsburg possessions in southern Germany.)

In 1490, the area was given a measure of independence within the Holy Roman Empire, with the status of a principality. By 1550, there was a Protestant majority. In 1564, Upper Austria, together with Lower Austria and the Bohemian territories, fell under Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II.

At the start of the 17th century, the Counter-Reformation was instituted under Emperor Rudolf II and his successor Matthias. After a military campaign, the area was under the control of Bavaria for some years in the early 17th century.

The Innviertel was ceded from the Electorate of Bavaria to Upper Austria in the Treaty of Teschen in 1779. During the Napoleonic Wars, Upper Austria was occupied by the French army on more than one occasion.

File:Hallstatt - Zentrum .JPG, a village in Upper Austria inside the Salzkammergut]]

In 1918 after the collapse of Austria-Hungary, the name Oberösterreich was used to describe the province of the new Austria. After Austria was annexed by Adolf Hitler, the Nazi dictator, who had been born in the Upper Austrian town of Braunau am Inn and raised in Upper Austria, Upper Austria became Reichsgau Oberdonau, although this also included the southern part of the Sudetenland, annexed from Czechoslovakia, and a small part of Styria. In 1945, Upper Austria was partitioned between the American zone to the south and the Soviet zone to the north.

Today Upper Austria is Austria's leading industrial region. As of 2009, it accounted for approximately a quarter of the country's exports.{{cite web |url=http://www.tmg.at/622_ENG_HTML.php |title=Upper Austria in figures|author=Upper Austria Technology and Marketing Company |access-date=2014-05-03}}

File:Frankenburg_am_Hausruck.jpg

File:Gosausee_and_Dachstein_Upper_Austria_Austro-Hungary.jpg and Dachstein]]

• Ausee
• Gosauseen
• Höllerersee
• Nussensee
• Oedter See
• Pichlinger See
• Puckinger See
• Rosenhofer Teiche

As of January 1, 2021, 1,495,608 people resided in the state, of which 107,318 (7.17 percent) were European Union/European Economic Area/Switzerland/UK citizens and 96,623 (6.46 percent) were third-country nationals.Statistik Austria

The majority of Upper Austrians are Christian. In 2001, 79.4 percent of the people still belonged to the Roman Catholic church, about 4.4% were members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, 4.0 percent were Muslims, and 8.8 percent were of no confession.{{Cite web|title=Glaube & Religion |url=https://www.land-oberoesterreich.gv.at/files/publikationen/praes_religion.pdf}} By the end of 2020, the proportion of Catholics had fallen to 62 percent, while the corresponding proportion of Protestants was about 3.1 percent of the Upper Austrian population.{{Cite web |title=Kirchliche Statistik: Eintritte, Austritte, Pastoraldaten |url=https://www.katholisch.at/statistik |access-date=2022-01-26| publisher=www.katholisch.at |language=de}}

In the last census in 2021, 73.4% of people were Christians, overwhelmingly Catholic, around 7.4% practiced Islam and 17.3% practiced no faith. By the end of 2022, the proportion of Catholics has decreased to 58.9%, and around 3% of the population were members of Austria’s national Lutheran church. At the end of 2023, a good 800,000 of the 1.53 million inhabitants were Catholic and 43,847 or almost 3% were Protestant.

After World War II, Upper Austria received a million refugees. The Soviet and American armies occupied Upper Austria as hundreds of thousands of people fled from both sides of the land front.{{cite book | editor1=Ronald W. Zweig| editor2=Thomas Albrich |title=Escape Through Austria: Jewish Refugees and the Austrian Route to Palestine |publisher= Frank Cass |year=2002 |page=15 |isbn=9780714652139 }}{{Historical populations|1869|736,856|1880|760,091|1890|786,496|1900|810,854|1910|853,595|1923|876,698|1934|902,965|1939|927,583|1951|1,108,720|1961|1,131,623|1971|1,229,972|1981|1,269,540|1991|1,333,480|2001|1,376,797|2011|1,413,762|2021|1,504,237|align=right|cols=1|source=Censuses{{cite web |title=Historic Censuses - STATISTICS AUSTRIA|url=https://www.statistik.at/en/statistics/population-and-society/population/population-stock/historic-censuses|publisher=Statistics Austria}}}}

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The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the state was 65.9 billion € in 2018, accounting for 17.1% of the Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 39,500 € or 131% of the EU27 average in the same year.{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58|title=Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018|website=Eurostat}}

The Upper Austrian state constitution defines Upper Austria as an independent state of the democratic Republic of Austria. In its constitution, Upper Austria also declares its support for a united Europe that is committed to democratic, constitutional, social and federal principles as well as the principle of subsidiarity, preserves the autonomy of the regions and ensures their participation in European decision-making. In its regional constitution, Upper Austria defines its position in Europe as an independent, future-oriented and self-confident region that participates in the further development of a united Europe.{{cite web| url=https://www.land-oberoesterreich.gv.at/files/publikationen/Verf_schriftenreihe_Nr1.pdf#page=8 | title=Oö. Landes-Verfassungsgesetz (Oö. L-VG) - Artikel 1a | language=de | page=8 | access-date=2024-01-25}}

Like Styria, Upper Austria is a swing state that usually has a signal character in nationwide elections. The conservative Austrian People's Party dominates in rural areas, the Social Democratic Party of Austria has its strongholds in the cities of Linz, Wels and Steyr or in the Attnang-Puchheim railroad junction, but the right-wing populist Freedom Party of Austria has also traditionally had a strong presence, for example in the Innviertel.

File:Upper Austria Districts.png

Administratively, the state is divided into 15 districts (Bezirke), three Statutarstädte and 438 municipalities.

1. Linz
2. Steyr
3. Wels

File:Neuer Dom Linz (DFdB).JPG, New Cathedral]]

4. Braunau
5. Eferding
6. Freistadt
7. Gmunden
8. Grieskirchen
9. Kirchdorf
10. Linz-Land
11. Perg
12. Ried
13. Rohrbach
14. Schärding
15. Steyr-Land
16. Urfahr-Umgebung
17. Vöcklabruck
18. Wels-Land

Historically, Upper Austria was traditionally divided into four regions: Hausruckviertel, Innviertel, Mühlviertel, and Traunviertel.

• Austro-Bavarian language

{{reflist}}

• [https://www.upperaustria.at Upper Austria]
• [https://www.upperaustria.com/en/ Tourism]

{{Wikisource1911Enc|Austria, Upper}}

{{wikivoyage|Upper Austria}}

{{States of Austria}}

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Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union

Category:States of Austria