Upper Saxon Circle
{{Short description|Imperial circle of the Holy Roman Empire}}
{{unreferenced|date=September 2021}}
File:Locator Upper Saxon Circle.svg
The Upper Saxon Circle ({{langx|de|Obersächsischer Reichskreis}}) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire, created in 1512.
The circle was dominated by the electorate of Saxony (the circle's director) and the electorate of Brandenburg. It further comprised the Saxon Ernestine duchies and Pomerania. The Lusatias that fell to Saxony by the 1635 Peace of Prague were never encircled.
Composition
The circle was made up of the following states:
| class="wikitable" |
| scope="col" style="text-align: left;" | Name
! scope="col" style="text-align: left;" | Type of entity ! scope="col" style="text-align: left;" | Comments |
|---|
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Anhalt
| Emerged from Duchy of Saxony in 1212, re-united under the House of Ascania in 1570, divided into Anhalt-Dessau, Anhalt-Bernburg, Anhalt-Köthen and Anhalt-Zerbst from 1603 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Barby
| County | Imperial immediacy in 1497, fell to the Saxe-Weissenfels branch of the electoral House of Wettin in 1659 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Brandenburg
| Margraviate established in 1157, Prince-elector from 1356 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Cammin
| Territory of the diocese established in 1140, under Pomeranian overlordship, Bishopric secularized from 1545, to Brandeburg |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Gernrode
| Abbacy | Imperial abbey established in 961 by King Otto I, held by the House of Ascania from 1616 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | Hatzfeld-Gleichen
| County | Established in 1631, principality from 1741, fell to Mainz in 1794 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Hohnstein
| County | Territory around Scharzfeld and Lauterberg, line extinct in 1593, fell to Brunswick-Grubenhagen |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | Lohra and Klettenberg
| Lordship | held by the Counts of Hohnstein, fell to Halberstadt in 1593, administrated by Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Mansfeld
| County | Established in 1069 by King Henry IV, seized by Saxony in 1579 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Pomerania
| Duchy | Ruled by the House of Griffins, internally divided from 1532 to 1625, Swedish Pomerania from 1637 on, Farther Pomerania to Brandenburg-Prussia in 1653 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Quedlinburg
| Abbacy | Established in 936 by King Otto I, occupied by Brandenburg-Prussia in 1698; 12th Prelatess of the Rhine |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Querfurt
| Principality | Former lordship, to Saxon House of Wettin in 1635, held by Saxe-Weissenfels from 1656 to 1746 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 22px Reuss
| County | Established about 1080 by King Henry IV, partitioned in 1564 into Elder Line at Greiz (principality from 1778) and Junior Line at Gera |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Saxony
| Electorate | Successor of Saxe-Wittenberg from 1356, held by the House of Wettin from 1423 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Saxe-Weimar
| Duchy | Wettin Ernestine duchy established in 1572 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Saxe-Altenburg
| Duchy | Wettin Ernestine duchy split off Saxe-Weimar in 1602, inherited by Saxe-Gotha in 1672 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Saxe-Gotha
| Duchy | Wettin Ernestine duchy split off Saxe-Weimar in 1640, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg from 1672 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | Saxe-Coburg
| Duchy | Wettin Ernestine duchy established in 1572 as Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach. Split between the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen from 1725 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Saxe-Eisenach
| Duchy | Wettin Ernestine duchy split off Saxe-Coburg in 1596, personal union with Saxe-Weimar from 1741 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Schönburg
| County | Various territories, Imperial immediacy in 1182, acquired by Saxony in 1740 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Schwarzburg
| County | United under the House of Schwarzburg 1538-1583 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 22px Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
| County | subdivision established in 1599, raised to principality in 1697 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 22px Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
| County | subdivision established in 1599 as Schwarzburg-Arnstadt, raised to principality in 1697/1710 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Stolberg
| County | Stolberg-Stolberg from 1548, under Saxon supremacy from 1738 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Stolberg-Rossla
| County | Split off Stolberg-Stolberg in 1706, under Saxon supremacy from 1738 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Walkenried
| Abbacy | Established in 1127, fell to Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in 1648 |
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | 20px Wernigerode
| County | Held by Stolberg from 1429, Stolberg-Wernigerode from 1645, under Prussian supremacy from 1714 |
Sources
- The List of states making up the Upper Saxon Circle is based on that in the German Wikipedia article Obersächsischer Reichskreis.
External links
- {{Commonscatinline}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20120127140233/http://historicalmaps.webs.com/Historical_Maps_of_Germany.htm Imperial Circles in the 16th Century] – Historical Maps of Germany
{{Upper Saxon Circle}}
{{Circles of the Holy Roman Empire}}
{{Authority control}}