User:Allreet/Research#Slavery

Wikipedia: American History Articles

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Founders

Founding Fathers
Talk:Founding Fathers
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Homes_of_United_States_Founding_Fathers Founders Homes]
African American founders

==Revolution==

Early History

Governance

Documents

Slavery

Tools & Resources

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Sandbox 1
Sandbox 2
[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ Browse Partners]
The Wikipedia Library

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/March-April_2023 Library Newsletter]
[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/87/ Oxford Bibliographies]
[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]

[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/132/ Sage Journals]
[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/124/ SpringerLink]
[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor & Francis]

Sources: Revolutionary Era, 1765-1790

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Miscellaneous
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Edit_warring ANI]
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution_noticeboard#Rock_in_Rio DRN]

=[[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Fathers & Founding Era]]=

==Books==

{{cite book|last=Adair |first=Douglass |author-link=Douglass Adair |title=Fame and the Founding Fathers: Essays |publisher=Liberty Fund, Inc. |year=1998 |location=Indianapolis, IN |url=https://archive.org/details/famefoundingfath0000adai_n1s2/page/n7/mode/2up |isbn=0-86597-192-7 |ref=adair1998}}

{{cite book |last=Adler |first=Bill |title=America's Founding Fathers: Their Uncommon Wisdom and Wit |location=Lanham, MD |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2003 |isbn=0-87833-284-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/americasfounding0000unse_z7h8 |ref=adler2003}}

{{cite book |last=Allen |first=Steven W. |title=Founding Fathers: Uncommon Heroes |publisher=Legal Awareness Series |year=2002 |location=Mesa, Arizona |url=https://archive.org/details/foundingfathersu0000alle |isbn= 1879033763 |ref=allen2002}}

{{cite book|last=Bailyn |first=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Bailyn |title=Faces of Revolution: Personalities and Themes in the Struggle for American Independence |publisher=Vintage Books |year=1992 |orig-date=1990 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/facesofrevolutio00bail/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=0-679-73623-9 |ref=bailyn1990}}

{{cite book|last=Bailyn |first=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Bailyn |author-mask=2 |title=The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution |publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |year=1967 |location=Cambridge, MA |url=https://archive.org/details/ideologicalorigi00bern/page/n3/mode/2up |isbn=978-0674-44301-3 |ref=bailyn1967}}

{{cite book |last=Bailyn |first=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Bailyn |author-mask=2 |title=To Begin the World Anew |publisher=Knopf |date=2003 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/tobeginworldanew00bail |isbn=0375413774 |ref=bailyn2003}}

{{cite book |last=Bernstein|first=Richard B. |author-link=Richard B. Bernstein |title=The Founding Fathers Reconsidered |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |orig-date=2009 |isbn=978-0199832576 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/foundingfathersr0000bern/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=bernstein2009}}

{{cite book |last=Bordewich |first=Fergus M. |author-link=Fergus M. Bordewich |title=The First Congress: How James Madison, George Washington, and A Group of Extraordinary Men Invented the Government |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=2016 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/firstcongresshow0000bord/page/n7/mode/2up |isbn=978-1-4516-9193-1 |ref=bordewich2016}}

{{cite book |last=Bowman |first=John Stewart |title=The Founding Fathers: The Men Behind the Nation |publisher=World Publications Group |year=2005 |location=North Deighton, Massachusetts |isbn=1572154365 |url=https://archive.org/details/foundingfathersm0000bowm/ |ref=bowman2005}}

{{cite book |last=Ellis |first=Joseph J. |author-link=Joseph J. Ellis |title=Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation |location=New York |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=2000 |isbn=978-0375405440 |url=https://archive.org/details/foundingbrothers0000elli_s9z2 |ref=ellis2000}}

{{cite book |title=Founding Fathers: The Essential Guide to the Men Who Made America |editor1-last=Ellis |editor1-first=Joseph J. |editor-mask=2 |publisher=John Wiley and Sons (Encyclopedia Britannica) |year=2007}}

{{cite book|last1=Ferling|first1=John| author-link=John E. Ferling |title=A Leap in the Dark: The Struggle to Create the American Republic|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England|isbn=978-0-19-515924-0|url=https://archive.org/details/leapindark00ferl |ref=ferling2003}}

{{cite book|last=Ferling |first=John |author-link=John Ferling |author-mask=2 |title=Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2002 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/settingworldabla0000ferl/page/n3/mode/2up |isbn=0-19-513409-5 |ref=ferling2002}}

{{cite book|last=Fleming |first=Thomas J. |author-link=Thomas Fleming (historian) |title=The Intimate Lives of the Founding Fathers |publisher=Harper |year=2010 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/intimatelivesoff0000flem_i5q8 |isbn=9780061139130 |ref=fleming2010}}

{{cite book|last=Gibson |first=Alan |title=Interpreting the Founding: Guide to the Enduring Debates over the Origins and Foundations of the American Republic |publisher=University Press of Kansas |year=2006 |location=Lawrence, KS |url=https://archive.org/details/interpretingfoun0000gibs/page/n3/mode/2up |isbn=978-0-7006-1705-0 |ref=gibson2006}}

{{cite book |editor-last=Graff |editor-first=Henry F. |title=The Presidents: A Reference History |edition=3rd |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |location=New York |date=2002| isbn=978-0-684-31226-2|url=https://archive.org/details/presidentsrefere0000unse/page/56/mode/2up |ref=graff2002}}

{{cite book |last=Kann |first=Mark E. |year=1999 |title=The Gendering of American Politics: Founding Mothers, Founding Fathers, and Political Patriarchy |location=Westport, CT |publisher=Praeger |isbn=978-0275961121 |url=https://archive.org/details/genderingofameri0000kann |ref=}}

{{cite book|last=Koch |first=Adrienne |author-link=Adrienne Koch |title= Power, Morals, and the Founding Fathers: Essays in the Interpretation of the American Enlightenment |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=1961 |location=Ithaca, NY |url=https://archive.org/details/powermoralsfound0000adri |isbn= |ref=koch1961}}

{{cite book |last=Lefer |first=David |author-link=David Lefer |title=The Founding Conservatives: How a Group of Unsung Heroes Saved the American Revolution |publisher=Sentinel |year=2013 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/foundingconserva0000lefe |isbn=978-1595230690 |ref=lefer2013}}

{{cite book|last=Lehrman |first=Lewis E. |author-link=Lewis Lehrman |title=The American Founders |publisher=Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History |year=2013 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/americanfounders0000lehr/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=978-0984-01785-0 |ref=lehrman2013}}

{{cite book |editor-last=Levy |editor-first=Michael I. |title=The Founding Fathers |year=2010 |publisher=Fall River Press (Encyclopedia Britannica) |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/foundingfathers0000unse |isbn=978-1435123892 |ref=levy2010}}

{{cite book|last=Mackay |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Mackay (author) |title=The Founders of the American Republic: A History and Biography |publisher=W. Blackwood and Sons |year=1885 |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924032763363/page/n7/mode/2up |ref=mckay1885}}

{{cite book |last=Martin |first=James Kirby |year=1973 |title=Men in Rebellion: Higher Governmental Leaders and the coming of the American Revolution |location=New Brunswick, NJ |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0813507507 |url=https://archive.org/details/meninrebellionhi0000mart/ |ref=martin1973}}

{{cite book |last=Middlekauff |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Middlekauff |title=The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763-1789 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1985 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/gloriouscauseame0000midd_h3z6/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=0-1950-3575-5 |ref=middlekauff1985}}

{{cite book| last=Miller| first=John C.| title=The Federalist Era, 1789–1801| date=1960| lccn=60-15321| publisher=Harper & Brothers| location=New York| url=https://archive.org/details/federalistera178008879mbp |ref=miller1960}}

{{cite book |last=Morris |first=Richard B. |author-link=Richard B. Morris |title=Seven Who Shaped Our Destiny: The Founding Fathers as Revolutionaries |location=New York |publisher=Harper & Row |year=1973 |isbn=978-0060904548 |url=https://archive.org/details/sevenwhoshapedou00morr |ref=morris1973}}

{{cite book |last=Morris |first=Richard B. |title=The Peacemakers: The Great Powers & American Independence |author-mask=2 |publisher=Harper & Row |location=New York |year=1965 |isbn=978-0930350369 |url=https://archive.org/details/peacemakersgrea00morr |ref=morris1965}}

{{cite book |last=Rakove |first=Jack N. |author-link=Jack N. Rakove |author-mask= |title=Revolutionaries: Inventing an American Nation |publisher=William Heinemann |year=2010 |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/revolutionariesi0000rako |isbn=978-0434010578 |ref=rakove2010}}

{{cite book |last=Read |first=James H. |title=Power Versus Liberty: Madison, Hamilton, Wilson, and Jefferson |year=2000 |publisher=University Press of Virginia |location=Charlottesville |isbn=978-0-8139-1911-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/powerversusliber0000read/page/n3/mode/2up |ref=read2000}}

{{cite book |last=Roberts |first=Cokie |author-link=Cokie Roberts |title=Founding Mothers: The Women Who Raised Our Nation |publisher=Harper Large Print |date=2004 |location=New York |isbn=0060533315 |url=https://archive.org/details/foundingmothersw0000robe |ref=roberts2004}}

{{cite book|last=Trees |first=Andrew S. |title=The Founding Fathers and the Politics of Character |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2004 |location=Princeton, NJ |url=https://archive.org/details/foundingfathersp0000tree |isbn=978-0691115528 |ref=trees2004}}

{{cite book |last=Umbreit |first=Kenneth Bernard |title=Founding Fathers: Men Who Shaped Our Tradition |publisher=Harper & Brothers |date=1941 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYMTAQAAMAAJ| |ref=umbreit1941}}

{{cite book |last=Wood |first=Gordon S. |author-link=Gordon S. Wood |title=The Creation of the American Republic, 1776–1787 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=1969 |url=https://archive.org/details/creationofameri00wood/page/n3/mode/2up |isbn=978-0807847237 |ref=wood1969}}

{{cite book |last=Wood|first=Gordon S. |author-link=Gordon S. Wood |author-mask=2 |title=Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic |url=https://archive.org/details/empireoflibertyh00wood |url-access=registration |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, England |isbn=978-0-19-983246-0 |ref=wood2009}}

{{cite book|last=Wood|first=Gordon S. |author-link=Gordon S. Wood |author-mask=2 |title=The Idea of America: Reflections on the Birth of the United States |url=https://archive.org/details/ideaofamericaref00wood_0 |url-access=registration |publisher=The Penguin Press |location=London, England |year=2011|isbn=978-1-59420-290-2 |ref=wood2011}}

{{cite book |last=Wood |first=Gordon S. |author-mask=2 |year=2006 |title=Revolutionary Characters: What Made the Founding Fathers Different |location=New York |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-1594200939 |url=https://archive.org/details/revolutionarycha00gord/page/n7/mode/2up |ref=wood2006}}

{{cite book |editor1-last=Young |editor1-first=Alfred F. |editor-link=Alfred F. Young |editor2-last=Raphael |editor2-first=Ray |editor3-last=Nash |editor3-first=Gary B. |title=Revolutionary Founders: Rebels, Radicals, and Reformers in the Making of the Nation |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=2011 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/revolutionaryfou0000unse/page/n3/mode/2up |isbn=978-0307-27110-5 |ref=young20111}}

==Journals==

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg73c.5 The American Founders, Gendered Language, and Patriarchal Politics (Culture of Manhood Chapter)]

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290284 The Founding Fathers and the Election of 1864]

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1952528 The Founding Fathers: A Reform Caucus in Action]

[http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/teachers/lesson_plans/pdfs/unit2_14.pdf Founding Fathers' Motives]

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/45278004 God and the Founding Fathers]

[https://www.crf-usa.org/images/t2t/pdf/HowShouldWeJudgeOurNation.pdf How Should We Judge Our Nation's Founders?]

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20148915 Lincoln and the Founding Fathers: A Reconsideration]

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.68.4.0644 Men Out of Time: Confronting History and Myth]

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1wxsdq.8 The Myths That Made America (Myth of the Founding Fathers Chapter)]

[https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3506&context=wlulr Natural Rights and The Founding Fathers - The Virginians]

[https://archive.org/details/notyourfathersfo0000shar Not Your Father's Founders: An Amended Look at America's First Patriots (2012)]

[http://www.jstor.org/stable/27551969 Vindicating the Founders: Race, Sex, Class, and Justice in the Origins of America]

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40982556 The World of the Founding Fathers]

=[[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Fathers: Individuals]]=

==Books==

Adams, John ♦ {{cite book |last=Adams |first=John |title=Diary and Autobiography of John Adams |author-link=John Adams |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |year=1961 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/diaryautobiograp02adam |ref=adams1961}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book|last=Brown|first=Ralph A.|title=The Presidency of John Adams|url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofjohn0000brow|url-access=registration|series=American Presidency Series| date=1975|publisher=University Press of Kansas| location=Lawrence, Kansas| isbn=0-7006-0134-1}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book| last=Diggins| first=John P.| title=John Adams| series=The American Presidents| editor-first=Arthur M.| editor-last=Schlesinger| year=2003| publisher=Time Books| location=New York, New York| isbn=0-8050-6937-2| url=https://archive.org/details/johnadams00digg}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Ferling |first=John |title=John Adams, A Life |authorlink=John Ferling |location=New York |publisher=Henry Holt & Co. |year=1996 |isbn=978-0805045765 |url=https://archive.org/details/johnadamslife0000ferl_h6y7 |ref=ferling1996}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=McCullough |first=David G. |author-link=David McCullough |title=John Adams |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |year=2001 |isbn=978-0743218290 |url=https://archive.org/details/johnadams00mccu}}

Adams, Samuel ♦ {{cite book |last=Alexander |first=John K. |title=Samuel Adams: America's Revolutionary Politician |location=Lanham, MD |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2002 |isbn=978-0742521148 |url=https://archive.org/details/samueladamsameri0000alex |ref=alexander2002}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book|last=Stoll |first=Ira |author-link=Ira Stoll |title=Samuel Adams: A Life |publisher=Simon & Shuster: Free Press |year=2008 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/samueladamslife0000stol/page/n3/mode/2up |isbn=978-0-7432-9911-4}}

Allen, Ethan ♦ {{cite journal |last=McWilliams |first=J. |title=The Faces of Ethan Allen: 1760–1860 |journal=The New England Quarterly |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=257–282 |doi=10.2307/364502 |date=June 1976 |jstor=364502 |ref=mccwilliams}}

Baldwin, Abraham ♦ {{cite book |last=Coulter |first=E. Merton |author-link=E. Merton Coulter |title=Abraham Baldwin: Patriot, Educator, and Founding Father |publisher=Vandamere Press |year=1987 |location=Arlington, VA |url=https://archive.org/details/abrahambaldwinpa0000coul/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=0-918339-06-5}}

Carroll, Charles ♦ {{cite book |last=Carroll |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Carroll of Carrollton |title=Unpublished Letters of Charles Carroll of Carrollton and of his Father, Charles Carroll of Doughoregan |publisher=United States Catholic Historical Society |location=New York |year=1902 |url=https://archive.org/stream/princeton_theological_seminary_412216_microfiche_1990_0021#page/n1/mode/2up}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Lomask |first=Milton |title=Charles Carroll and The American Revolution |publisher=P.J. Kenedy & Sons |year=1959 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/charlescarrollam00loma/page/n5/mode/2up}}

Carter, Robert ♦ {{cite book|last=Levy |first=Andrew |title=The First Emancipator: The Forgotten Story of Robert Carter, the Founding Father Who Freed His Slaves |publisher=Random House |year=2005 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/firstemancipator00levy/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=978-0375508653}}

Dickinson, John ♦ {{cite book|last=Flower |first=Milton Embick |title=John Dickinson, Conservative Revolutionary |publisher=University Press of Virginia |year=1983 |location=Charlottesville, VA |url=https://archive.org/details/johndickinsoncon0000flow/page/n7/mode/2up |isbn=081390966X}}

Franklin, Benjamin ♦ {{cite book |last=Franklin |first=Benjamin |title=Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin with His Essays and Will |author-link=Benjamin Franklin |editor=Henry Altemus |location=Chicago |publisher=W. B. Conkey Co. |year=1895 |orig-date=1790 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/autobiography00fran/page/n9/mode/2up |ref=franklin'auto}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book|last=Franklin |first=Benjamin |author-link=Benjamin Franklin |title=The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1967 |orig-date=1790 |location=New Haven, CT |url=https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofb0000leon/page/n7/mode/2up}}
_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Brands |first=H. W. |title=The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin |location=New York |publisher=Doubleday |year=2000 |isbn=978-0385495400 |url=https://archive.org/details/firstamericanlif00bran |ref=brands2000}}
_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Isaacson |first=Walter |title=Benjamin Franklin: An American Life |author-link=Walter Isaacson |location=New York |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=2004 |isbn=978-0684807614 |url=https://archive.org/details/benjaminfranklin0000isaa |ref=isaacson2004}}

Gerry, Elbridge ♦ {{cite book |last=Billias |first=George Athan |author-link=George Athan Billias |title=Elbridge Gerry, Founding Father and Republican Statesman |publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=1976 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/elbridgegerryfou0000bill/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=0-07-005269-7 |ref=billias1976}}

Hamilton, Alexander ♦ {{cite book |last=Chernow |first=Ron |title=Alexander Hamilton |author-link=Ron Chernow |location=New York |publisher=Penguin Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0143034759 |url=https://archive.org/details/alexanderhamilto0000cher_y4u1 |ref=chernow2004}}

Hancock, John ♦ {{cite book |last=Fowler |first=William M. |author-link=William M. Fowler |title=The Baron of Beacon Hill: A Biography of John Hancock |location=Boston |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |date=1980 |url=https://archive.org/details/baronofbeaconhil0000fowl |isbn=0395276195|ref=Fowler1980}}

Henry, Patrick ♦ {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Norine Dickson |title=Patrick Henry: Patriot and Statesman |location=New York |publisher=Devin-Adair Co. |year=1969 |isbn=978-0815965015 |url=https://archive.org/details/patrickhenrypatr0000camp/page/n5/mode/2up?q=%22second+continental+congress%22 |ref=campbell1969}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Kidd |first=Thomas S.|year=2011|title=Patrick Henry: First Among Patriots |location=New York |publisher=Basic Books |url=https://archive.org/details/patrickhenryfirs0000kidd_o4b5 |isbn=978-0465009282 |ref=kidd2011}}

Hutchinson, Thomas ♦ {{cite book|last=Bailyn |first=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Bailyn |author-mask=2 |title=The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1974 |orig-date=1st published |location=Cambridge, MA |url=https://archive.org/details/BailynBernardTheOrdealOfThomasHutchinson/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=0-674-64160-4}}

Jefferson, Thomas ♦ {{cite book |last= Onuf |first=Peter S. |title=The Mind of Thomas Jefferson, Chapter:'Jefferson's Religion: Priestcraft, Enlightenment and the Republican Revolution |publisher=University of Virginia Press |year=2007 |author-link=Peter S. Onuf |isbn=978-0813926117 |ref=onuf2007}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Cogliano |first=Francis D. |title=Thomas Jefferson: Reputation and Legacy |location=Charlottesville |publisher=University of Virginia Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0813927336 |url=https://archive.org/details/thomasjeffersonr0000cogl/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=cogliano2006}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book|last1=McDonald|first1=Forrest |author-link=Forrest McDonald |title=The Presidency of Thomas Jefferson |url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofthom0000mcdo |url-access=registration|date=1976 |publisher=University Press of Kansas |location=Lawrence, Kansas |isbn=978-0-7006-0330-5}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Meacham |first=Jon |title=Thomas Jefferson |author-link=Jon Meacham |publisher=Random House |year=2012 |isbn=978-0307990877 |url=https://archive.org/details/thomasjeffersona00meac |ref=meacham2012}}

Jefferson, Thomas and Alexander Hamilton ♦ {{cite book |last=Ferling |first=John |title=Jefferson and Hamilton: The Rivalry That Forged a Nation |author-link=John Ferling |location=New York |publisher=Bloomsbury Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-1608195435 |url=https://archive.org/details/jeffersonhamilto0000ferl |ref=ferling2014}}

Johnson, William Samuel ♦ {{cite book|last=Ross |first=Betsy McCaughey |title=From Loyalist to Founding Father: The Political Odyssey of William Samuel Johnson |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1980 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/fromloyalisttofo0000ross/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=0-231-04506-9}}

Knox, Henry ♦ {{cite book |last=Puls |first=Mark |url=https://archive.org/details/henryknoxvisiona00puls_0/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Henry Knox: Visionary General of the American Revolution |date=2008 |publisher=Palgrave MacMillan |location=New York |isbn=978-1403984272}}

Livingston, Robert R. ♦ {{cite book|last=Dangerfield |first=George |title=Chancellor Robert R. Livingston of New York, 1746–1813 |publisher=Harcourt, Brace and Co. |location=New York |date=1960 |url=https://archive.org/details/chancellorrobert00dang/page/n7/mode/2up |ref=dangerfield1960}}

Madison, James ♦ {{cite book|last=Brant |first=Irving |title=The Fourth President: A Life of James Madison |publisher=The Bobbs-Merrill Co. |year=1970 |edition=1st |location=Indianapolis, IN |url=https://archive.org/details/fourthpresidentl00bran/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Broadwater |first=Jeff |title=James Madison: A Son of Virginia and a Founder of a Nation |url=https://archive.org/details/jamesmadisonsono00broa |url-access=registration |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |location=Chapel Hill, North Carolina |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-8078-3530-2}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Cheney |first=Lynne V. |author-link=Lynne Cheney |title=James Madison: A Life Reconsidered |publisher=Viking Penguin |year=2014 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/jamesmadisonlife0000chen/page/n7/mode/2up |isbn=978-0670-02519-0}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last1=Feldman |first1=Noah |author-link=Noah Feldman |title=The Three Lives of James Madison: Genius, Partisan, President |date=2017 |publisher=Random House |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8129-9275-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/threelivesofjame0000feld/page/n7/mode/2up}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book|last=Ketcham|first=Ralph |author-link=Ralph Ketcham |title=James Madison: A Biography|publisher=University of Virginia Press |location=Charlottesville, Virginia |year=1990 |orig-date=1971 |url=https://archive.org/details/jamesmadisonbiog00ketc/page/n3/mode/2up |isbn=978-0-8139-1265-3 |edition=paperback}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Labunski |first=Richard E. |title=James Madison and The Struggle for the Bill of Rights |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0199740994 |url=https://archive.org/details/jamesmadisonstru00rich/mode/2up |ref=labunski2006}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Rutland |first=Robert Allen |title=James Madison: The Founding Father |publisher=University of Missouri Press |year=1997 |location=Columbia, MO |url=https://archive.org/details/jamesmadisonfoun00rutl/page/n3/mode/2up |isbn=978-0-8262-1141-5}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Stewart |first=David O. |title=Madison's Gift: Five Partnerships That Built America |author-link=David O. Stewart |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2015 |isbn=978-1451688597 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=poGMCwAAQBAJ |ref=stewart2015}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book|last=Wills |first=Garry |title=James Madison |publisher=Times Books |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8050-6905-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/jamesmadison00will}}

Marshall, John ♦ {{cite book|last=Unger |first=Harlow G. |author-link=Harlow Giles Unger |title=John Marshall: The Chief Justice Who Saved the Nation |publisher=De Capo Press |year=2014 |location=Boston, Massachusetts |url=https://archive.org/details/johnmarshallchie0000unge/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=978-0306-82220-9}}

Mason, George ♦ {{cite book |last1=Mason |first1=George |editor1-last=Rutland |editor1-first=Robert A. |title=The Papers of George Mason, 1725–1792 |date=1970 |location=Chapel Hill | publisher=University of North Carolina Press |isbn=978-0-8078-1134-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/papersofgeorgema00maso/page/274|url-access=registration}}

Monroe, James ♦ {{cite book |last=Unger |first=Harlow |title=James Monroe: The Last Founding Father |publisher=Da Capo Press |location=New York |date=2009 |isbn=978-0306818080 |url=https://archive.org/details/lastfoundingfath0000unge |ref=unger2009}}

Morris, Gouverneur ♦ {{cite book|last=Brookhiser |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Brookhiser |title=Gentleman Revolutionary: Gouverneur Morris, The Rake Who Wrote the Constitution |publisher=Free Press |year=2004 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/gentlemanrevolut00rich/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=978-0743-25602-5}}

Paine, Thomas ♦ {{cite book |first=David |last=Braff |year=2009 |title=Forgotten Founding Father: The Impact of Thomas Paine; In Search of the Common Good |publisher=Spokesman Books |editor=Joyce Chumbley |url=https://philpapers.org/rec/BRAFFF |ref=braff2009}}
_____ ♦ {{cite book|last=Nelson |first=Craig |title=Thomas Paine: Enlightenment, Revolution, and the Birth of Modern Nations |publisher=Viking |year=2006 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/thomaspaineenlig0000nels |isbn= 978-0434010578}}

_____ ♦ {{cite journal |title=Founding Father Thomas Paine: He Genuinely Abhorred Slavery |journal=The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education |issue=48 |pages=45 |date=2005 |jstor=25073236 |ref=journal2005}}

Randolph, Edmund ♦ {{cite book |first=John J. |last=Reardon |title=Edmund Randolph: A Biography |publisher=Macmillan |year=1975 |url=https://archive.org/details/edmundrandolphbi0000rear|url-access=registration |isbn=978-0026012003}}

Rush, Benjamin ♦ {{cite book |last1=Riedman |first1=Sarah Regal |last2=Green |first2=Clarence Corloon |title=Benjamin Rush: Physician, Patriot, Founding Father |publisher=Abelard-Schuman |year=1964 |orig-date=1st published |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/benjaminrushphys00ried/page/n5/mode/2up}}

Warren, Joseph ♦ {{cite book |last=Cary |first=John Henry |title=Joseph Warren: Physician, Politician, Patriot |publisher=University of Illinois Press |location=Urbana |year=1961 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/josephwarrenphys00cary/ |ref=cary1961}}

Washington, George ♦ {{cite book |last=Alden |first=John R. |title=George Washington: A Biography |year=1996 |publisher=Louisiana State University Press |isbn=0-8071-1153-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00alde/page/n9/mode/2up}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Brookhiser |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Brookhiser |title=Founding Father: Rediscovering George Washington |publisher=Simon & Schuster: The Free Press |year=1996 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/foundingfatherre00broo/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=0-684-82291-1}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Chernow |first=Ron |author-link=Ron Chernow |title=Washington: A Life |publisher=Penguin Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-1594202667 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonlife0000cher |ref=chernow2010}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Ferling |first=John |title=The Ascent of George Washington: The Hidden Political Genius of an American Icon |date=2009 |publisher=Bloomsbury Press |location=New York |isbn=978-1-59691-465-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/ascentofgeorgewa00ferl}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Furstenberg |first=François |year=2006 |title=In the Name of the Father: Washington's Legacy: Slavery and the Making of a Nation |location=New York |publisher=Penguin Press |url=https://archive.org/details/innameoffather00furs/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=978-1594200922 |oclc=66527258|ref=furstenberg2006}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=O'Brien |first=Michael Joseph |title=Hercules Mulligan, confidential correspondent of General Washington |location=New York |publisher=P.J. Kenedy & Sons |year=1937|url=https://archive.org/details/herculesmulligan00obri/page/n7/mode/2up |ref=obrien1937}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Schecter |first=Barnet |title=George Washington's America. A Biography Through His Maps |publisher=Walker & Company |location=New York |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8027-1748-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington0000sche/page/n5/mode/2up}}

Webster, Noah ♦ {{cite book |last=Kendall |first=Joshua C. |title=The Forgotten Founding Father: Noah Webster's Obsession and the Creation of an American Culture |publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons |year=2010 |isbn=978-1101486542 |url=https://archive.org/details/forgottenfoundin00kend |ref=kendall2010}}

Willing, Thomas ♦ {{cite journal |last1=Wright |first=R. E. |title=Thomas Willing (1731–1821): Philadelphia Financier and Forgotten Founding Father |journal=Pennsylvania History |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=525–560 |jstor=27773931 |date=Autumn 1996 |ref=wright1996}}

Wilson, James ♦ {{cite book|last=Seed |first=Geoffrey |title=James Wilson |publisher=KTO Press |year=1978 |location=Millwood, NY |url=https://archive.org/details/jameswilson00seed/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=978-0527810504}}

_____ ♦ {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Charles Page |title=James Wilson, Founding Father, 1742–1798 |url=https://archive.org/details/jameswilsonfound0000smit |url-access=registration |year=1956 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |location=Chapel Hill, NC}}

==Journals==

Franklin, Benjamin, Postmaster ♦ [https://about.usps.com/who-we-are/postal-history/pmg-franklin.pdf Benjamin Franklin, Postmaster General, July 26, 1775 to November 1776]

Humphreys, Charles ♦ [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20084261 Charles Humphreys]

Randolph, Edmund ♦ [https://doi.org/10.2307/1105871 Randolph]

Washington, George, Commander in Chief ♦ [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program//bib/ourdocs/commission.html# George Washington's Commission as Commander in Chief]

Wilson, James ♦ [https://openyls.law.yale.edu/bitstream/handle/20.500.13051/7454/12_22YaleJL_Human257_2010_.pdf The Lost Founder: James Wilson in American Memory]

=[[Continental Congress]]=

==Books==

{{cite book |last=Ammerman |first=David |title=In the Common Cause: American Response to the Coercive Acts of 1774 |location=Charlottesville |publisher=University Press of Virginia |year=1974 |isbn=978-0813905259 |url=https://archive.org/details/incommoncauseame0000amme/page/n3/mode/2up |ref=ammerman1974}}

{{cite book |last=Bickford |first=Charlene Bangs |first2=Kenneth R. |last2=Bowling |title=Birth of the Nation: The First Federal Congress, 1789–1791 |publisher=Madison House |year=1989 |location=Madison, WI |url=https://archive.org/details/birthofnationfir00bick/page/n11/mode/2up |isbn=9780945612148}}

{{cite book|last=Burnett |first=Edmund Cody |title=The Continental Congress |publisher=The Macmillan Company |year=1941 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/continentalcongr0000burn/page/n5/mode/2up}}

{{cite book|last=Congress |first=United States |title=Journals of Congress: Containing Their Proceedings from September 5, 1774, to January 1, 1776 |publisher=Folwell's Press |date=1800 |location=Philadelphia |url=https://archive.org/details/journalsofcongre00unit_5/}}

{{cite book |last1=Jillson |first1=Calvin C. |last2=Wilson |first2=Rick K. |title=Congressional Dynamics: Structure, Coordination, and Choice in the First American Congress, 1774–1789 |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0804722933 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82_KQwDU5eYC&q=laurens}}

{{cite book|last=Rakove |first=Jack N. |author-link=Jack N. Rakove |author-mask= |title=The Beginnings of National Politics: An Interpretive History of the Continental Congress |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. |year=1979 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/beginningsofnati00jack/page/n7/mode/2up |isbn=0-394-42370-4}}

==Papers==

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20083644 The Continental Congress]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24435926 The First Session of the Second Continental Congress]
[https://scholarworks.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3328&context=etd Fifty Gentlemen Total Strangers: Portrait of the First Continental Congress]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20093242 First Continental Congress and Problem of American Rights]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20083644 Journals and Papers of the Continental Congress]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/27772339 Rights and Grievances at Carpenters' Hall September 5 - October 26,1774]

=[[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]]=

==Books==

{{cite book |last=Andrilk |first=Todd |title=Reporting the Revolutionary War: Before It Was History, It Was News |location=Naperville, Illinois |publisher=Sourcebooks |year=2012 |isbn=978-1402269677 |url=https://archive.org/details/reportingrevolut0000unse/page/n3/mode/2up |ref=andrilk2012}}

{{cite book |last=Boston City Council |title=Celebration of the Sesquicentennial Anniversary of the Battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1925 |location=Boston |publisher=Boston City Council |year=1925 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O5OvzewHm1YC |ref=boston1925}}

{{cite book |last=Ferling |first=John |title=Almost a Miracle: The American Victory in the War of Independence |author-link=John Ferling |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0199758470 |url=https://archive.org/details/almostmiracleame0000ferl/page/n3/mode/2up |ref=ferling2007}}

{{cite book |last=McCullough |first=David G. |author-link=David McCullough |title=1776 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |date=2006 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/1776mccu00mccu/ |isbn=0743226712 |ref=mccullough2006}}

{{cite book |last=Quarles |first=Benjamin |title=The Negro in the American Revolution |publisher=The University of North Carolina Press |date=1961 |location=Chapel Hill, NX |url=https://archive.org/details/negroinamericanr00quar |isbn=0807846031}}

{{cite book |last=Renehan |first=Edward |title=The Treaty of Paris: The Precursor to a New Nation |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2007 |isbn=978-1438104300 |url=https://archive.org/details/treatyofparispre0000rene |ref=renehan2007}}

==Papers==

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41035456 Creation of American National Identity: 1774-1796]
[https://www.westfield.ma.edu/historical-journal/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/2017-Summer-Raphael-Lexington-Worcester-and-the-American-Revolution.pdf Debunking the Myth of the "Shot Heard 'Round the World"]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20088116 Disputed Authorship of the Declaration on the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, 1775]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24449525 Freemasons and the American Revolution]
[https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/american-revolution-1763-1783/revolutionary-war-home-front/ Revolutionary War: The Home Front]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.68.4.0631 War and the Imperative of Union]

=[[American Revolution|Road to Revolution]]=

==Books==

{{cite book |last=Ammerman |first=David |title=In the Common Cause: American Response to the Coercive Acts of 1774 |location=Charlottesville |publisher=University Press of Virginia |year=1974 |isbn=978-0813905259 |url=https://archive.org/details/incommoncauseame0000amme/page/n3/mode/2up |ref=ammerman1974}}

{{cite book |last=Archer |first=Richard |title=As If an Enemy's Country: The British Occupation of Boston and the Origins of Revolution |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2010 |location=New York, New York |url=https://archive.org/details/asifenemyscountr00arch|isbn= 9780195382471}}

{{cite book |last=Carp |first=Benjamin L. |title=Defiance of the Patriots: The Boston Tea Party & The Making of America |publisher=Yale University Press |date=2010 |location=New Haven, CT |url=https://archive.org/details/defianceofpatrio00benj |isbn=9780300117059}}

{{cite book|last=Ferling |first=John E. |author-link=John E. Ferling |author-mask= |title=A Leap in the Dark: The Struggle to Create the American Republic |publisher=Oxford University Press, Inc. |year=2003 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/leapindark00ferl/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=0-19-515924-1}}

{{cite book |last=Jensen |first=Merrill |title=The Founding of a Nation: A History of the American Revolution, 1763–1776 |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1968 |url=https://archive.org/details/foundingofnation0000unse/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=jensen1968}}

{{cite book |last=King George III |title=The correspondence of King George the Third with Lord North from 1768 to 1783 |author-link=George III |location=London |publisher=John Murray |year=1867 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924088017870/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=george1867}}

{{cite book |last=Phillips |first=Kevin |title=1775: A Good Year for Revolution |year=2012 |location=New York |publisher=Viking Press |isbn=978-0670025121 |url=https://archive.org/details/1775goodyearforr0000phil/page/n7/mode/2up |ref=phillips2012}}

{{cite book |last=Scaife |first=Lauriston L. |title=Milton and the Suffolk resolves |publisher=Milton Historical Society |year=1921 |url=https://archive.org/details/miltonsuffolkres00scai/page/n1/mode/2up?q=suffolk+resolves |ref=scaife1921}}

==Papers==

[https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/american-revolution-1763-1783/colonies-rebellion-1773-1774/ The Colonies Move Toward Open Rebellion, 1773-1774]
[http://www.minnesotalegalhistoryproject.org/assets/Articles%20of%20Association%20%20(1774).pdf The Articles of Association]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44504455 American Colonial Committees of Correspondence: Encountering Oppression, Exploring Unity, and Exchanging Visions of the Future]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23521536 The Committees of Safety and the Coming of the American Revolution in North Carolina, 1774-1776]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4247663 The Virginia County Committees of Safety, 1774-1776]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2148646 Social Origins of the American Revolution]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/27567931 The South Carolina and Continental Associations: Prelude to Revolution]
[https://allthingsliberty.com/2019/06/the-tea-that-survived-the-boston-tea-party/ Tea That Survived the Boston Tea Party]

=[[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]]=

==Books==

{{cite book|last=Becker |first=Carl Lotus |author-link=Carl L. Becker |title=The Declaration of independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas |publisher=Harcourt, Brace and Company, Inc. |year=1922 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/declarationinde00beckgoog/page/n6/mode/2up}}

{{cite book|last=Boyd |first=Julian P. |author-link=Julian P. Boyd |author-mask= |title=The Declaration of Independence: The Evolution of the Text as Shown in Facsimiles of Various Drafts by its Author, Thomas Jefferson |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1945 |location=Princeton, NJ |url=https://archive.org/details/declarationofind0000unse_s2d8/page/n5/mode/2up}}

{{cite book|last=Joseph J. |first=Ellis |author-link=Joseph J. Ellis |author-mask= |title=Revolutionary Summer: The Birth of American Independence |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=2013 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/revolutionarysum0000elli_q2l0/page/n7/mode/2up |isbn=978-0-307-70122-0}}

{{cite book |last=Friedenwald |first=Herbert |author-link=Herbert Friedenwald |title=The Declaration of Independence: An Interpretation and an Analysis |location=New York |publisher=The Macmillan Company |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/details/declarationofind00frierich/page/n7/mode/2up}}

{{cite book |last=Maier |first=Pauline |title=American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence |author-link=Pauline Maier |location=New York |publisher=Vintage Books |year=1998 |isbn=978-0307791955 |url=https://archive.org/details/americanscriptur00paul}}

{{cite book|last=Tsesis |first=Alexander |title=For Liberty and Equality: The Life and Times of the Declaration of Independence |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2012 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/forlibertyequali0000tses/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=0-195-37969-1}}

{{cite book|last=Wills |first=Garry |author-link=Garry Wills |title=Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence |publisher=Doubleday |year=1978 |location=Garden City, NY |url=https://archive.org/details/inventingamerica0000will_f4a7/page/n7/mode/2up |isbn=0-385-08976-7}}

==Papers==

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/743719 The Authentication of the Engrossed Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1323337 The Declaration of Independence]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20091099 The Declaration of Independence: The Mystery of the Lost Original]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/680864 Declaring, Drafting, and Composing American Independence]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25080810 Decision in '76: Reflections on the 56 Signers]
[http://www.npshistory.com/publications/nhl/theme-studies/signers-declaration.pdf Signers of the Declaration (book)]
[https://www.archives.gov/files/founding-docs/declaration_signers_gallery_facts.pdf Signers of the Declaration of Independence]
[https://archive.org/details/biographicalsket00lossing Biographical Sketches of the Signers of the Declaration of American Independence (1866)]

=[[Articles of Confederation]]=

==Books==

{{cite book |last=Callahan |first=Kerry P. |title=The Articles of Confederation: A Primary Source Investigation Into the Document That Preceded the U.S. Constitution |location=New York |publisher=Rosen Primary Source |year=2003 |isbn=978-0823937998 |url=https://archive.org/details/articlesofconfed00call |ref=callahan2003}}

{{cite book|last=Jensen |first=Merrill |author-link=Merrill Jensen |title=The New Nation 1781-1789 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. |year=1950 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/newnation17811780000merr/page/420/mode/2up|ref=jensen1950}}

==Papers==

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3330362 Articles of Confederation as Background to Federal Republic]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20745080 Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3329661 Background of the Articles of Confederation]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1920529 The Confederation Period and the American Historian]
[https://americainclass.org/sources/makingrevolution/constitution/text1/foundersdefectsarticlesconf.pdf Founders on the Defects of the Articles of Confederation, 1780-1787]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3329662 Legacy of the Articles of Confederation]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20746978 Our First Constitution: The Articles of Confederation]

=[[Constitution of the United States|U.S. Constitution]]=

==Books==

{{cite book |last=Ackerman |first=Bruce |author-link=Bruce Ackerman |title=We the People |volume=I |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-6749-4841-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/wepeople0000acke |ref=ackerman1991a}}

{{cite book |last=Ackerman |first=Bruce |author-mask=2 |title=We the People |volume=II |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-6740-0397-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zc0aU6zA4YYC |ref=ackerman1991b}}

{{cite book |last=Ackerman |first=Bruce |author-mask=2 |title=The Failure of the Founding Fathers: Jefferson, Marshall, and the Rise of Presidential Democracy |publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |year=2005 |location=Cambridge,MA |url=https://archive.org/details/failureoffoundi00acke |isbn=0-674-01866-4}}

{{cite book |last=Ackerman |first=Erin |title=A Guide to the United States Constitution |publisher=New York : W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-3939-1288-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/guidetounitedsta0000acke/page/n3/mode/2up |ref=ackernam2011}}

{{cite book |last=Adams |first=Willi Paul |title=The First American Constitutions: Republican Ideology and the Making of the State Constitutions in the Revolutionary Era |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=1980 |location=Chapel Hill, NC |url=https://archive.org/details/firstamericancon00adam/mode/2up |isbn=0-8078-1388-5 |ref=adams1980}}

{{cite book |last1= Adler |first1= Mortimer |author-link= Mortimer J. Adler |last2= Gorman |first2= William |name-list-style= amp |title= The American Testament: for the Institute for Philosophical Research and the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies |publisher= Praeger |location= New York |year= 1975 |isbn= 978-0-275-34060-5 |url= https://archive.org/details/americantestamen00adle |ref=alder1975 }}

{{cite book |last=Agresto |first=John |title=The Supreme Court and Constitutional Democracy |authorlink= |publisher=Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press= |year=1984 |isbn=978-1-5017-12906 |url=https://archive.org/details/supremecourtcons0000agre/page/n3/mode/2up |ref=agresto1984}}

{{cite book |last=Amar |first=Akhil Reed |author-link=Akhil Reed Amar |title=America's Constitution: A Biography |publisher=Random House |year=2005 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/americasconstitu00amar_0/page/n7/mode/2up |isbn=1-4000-6262-4 |ref=amar2005}}

{{cite book |last=Anastaplo |first=George |title=The Constitution of 1787 : a commentary |authorlink= |publisher=Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press |year=1989 |orig-year=1986|isbn=978-0-8018-36060 |url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionof1700anas |ref=Anastaplo1989}}

{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=Thornton |title=Creating the Constitution: The Convention of 1787 and the First Congress |authorlink= |publisher= Pennsylvania State University Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-2710-0913-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/creatingconstitu0000ande |ref=anderson1993}}

{{cite book |editor-last= Bailyn |editor-first= Bernard |editor-link=Bernard Bailyn |title= The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters During the Struggle for Ratification |volume= Part One: September 1787 to February 1788 |publisher= The Library of America|year= 1993 |isbn=0-940450-42-9 |url= https://archive.org/details/debateonconstitu00bail/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=bailyn1993a}}

{{cite book |editor-last= Bailyn |editor-first= Bernard |editor-link=Bernard Bailyn |editor-mask=2 |title= The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters During the Struggle for Ratification |volume= Part Two: January to August 1788 |publisher= The Library of America |year= 1993 |isbn= 0-940450-64-X |url= https://archive.org/details/debateonconstit00bail/page/n7/mode/2up |ref=bailyn1993b}}

{{cite book |last=Bancroft |first=George |title=History of the formation of the Constitution of the United States of America |volume=I |publisher=New York, D. Appleton and company |year=1882 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofformati01banc/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=bancroft1}}

{{cite book |last=Bancroft |first=George |author-mask=2 |title=History of the formation of the Constitution of the United States of America |volume=II |publisher=New York, D. Appleton and company |year=1882 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofformati02banc/mode/2up |ref=bancroft2}}

{{cite book |last1=Barlow |first1=J. Jackson |last2=Levy |first2=Leonard Williams |title=The American Founding: Essays on the Formation of the Constitution |location=New York |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1988 |isbn=978-0313256103 |url=https://archive.org/details/americanfounding00barl |ref=barlow1988}}

{{cite book |last=Beard |first=Charles A. |author-link=Charles A. Beard |title=The Supreme court and the Constitution |publisher=New York, The Macmillan company |year=1912 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924020105536/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=beard1912}}

{{cite book |last=Beard |first=Charles A. |author-mask=2 |title=An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States |publisher=The Macmillan Company |year=1914 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/economicinterpre00bear_3/page/n7/mode/2up |ref=beard1914}}

{{cite book |last=Beard |first=Charles A. |title=The Enduring Federalist |author-mask=2 |publisher=Doubleday & Company, Inc. |year=1948 |url=https://archive.org/details/enduringfederali0000char/page/n7/mode/2up |ref=beard1948}}

{{cite book |last=Beeman |first=Richard |title=Plain Honest Men: The Making of the American Constitution |year=2009 |publisher=Random House |location=New York|isbn=978-1-4000-6570-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/plainhonestmenm00beem/page/n7/mode/2up |ref=beeman2009}}

{{cite book |last=Bennett |first=Walter Hartwell |title=American Theories of Federalism |authorlink= |publisher=University of Alabama Press |year=1983 |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s10mtQEACAAJ |ref=bennett1983}}

{{cite book|last=Benson |first=Lee |title=Turner and Beard: American Historical Writing Reconsidered |publisher=Free Press |year=1960 |location=Glencoe, IL |url=https://archive.org/details/turnerbeardameri0000bens_o1h5/page/n7/mode/2up |ref=benson1960}}

{{cite book |editor=Benton, Wilbourn E. |title=Drafting the U.S. Constitution |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-8909-6217-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/1787draftingus00bent/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=benton1986}}

{{cite book |last=Berkin |first=Carol |author-link=Carol Berkin |title=A Brilliant Solution: Inventing the American Constitution |publisher=Harcourt |year=2002 |location=Orlando, FL |url=https://archive.org/details/brilliantsolutio00caro/mode/2up |isbn=0-15-100948-1 |ref=berkin2002}}

{{cite book |last=Bernstein |first=Richard B. |author-link=Richard B. Bernstein |author-mask= |title=Amending America: If We Love the Constitution So Much, Why Do We Keep Trying to Change It? |publisher=University Press of Kansas |year=1993 |location=Lawrence, KS |url=https://archive.org/details/amendingamericai0000bern_c4f8/mode/2up |isbn=0-7006-0715-3 |ref=bernstein1993}}

{{cite book |last=Bernstein |first=Richard B. |author-link=Richard B. Bernstein |author-mask=2 |title=Are We to Be a Nation? The Making of the Constitution |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1987 |location=Cambridge, MA |url=https://archive.org/details/arewetobenationm00bern |isbn=978-0674044753 |ref=bernstein1987}}

{{cite book |last= Billias |first=George |author-link=George Athan Billias |title=American Constitutionalism Heard Round the World, 1776–1989: A Global Perspective |publisher= New York University Press |location=New York |year=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/americanconstitu0000bill/mode/2up |isbn=978-0-8147-9107-3 |ref=billias2009}}

{{cite book |last=Bloom |first=Sol |title=The story of the Constitution |publisher=Washington, DC : National Archives and Record Administration |year=1986 |isbn=0-911333-45-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/storyofconstitut0000bloo |ref=bloom1986}}

{{cite book |last=Bowditch |first=William Ingersoll |title=The United States Constitution |publisher= (publisher not listed) |year=1855 |url=https://archive.org/details/ASPC0001963400/mode/2up |ref=ingersoll1855}}

{{cite book | last=Bowen |first=Catherine Drinker | author-link=Catherine Drinker Bowen |title = Miracle at Philadelphia: The Story of the Constitutional Convention | publisher=Little, Brown | location=New York | year=1966 | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781415548141/page/n7/mode/2up | isbn=978-0-3161-0398-5 |ref=bowen1966}}

{{cite book |last=Brant |first=Irving |title=The Bill of rights; its origin and meaning |authorlink= |publisher=Indianapolis, Bobbs-Merrill |year=1965 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/billofrightsitso00bran |ref=brant1965}}

{{cite book|last=Brown |first=Robert E. |title=Charles Beard and the Constitution: A Critical Analysis of an Economic Interpretation of the Constitution |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1956 |location=Princeton, NJ |url=https://archive.org/details/charlesbeardcons0000brow_o0y5/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=brown1956}}

{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Roger H. |url=https://archive.org/details/redeemingrepubli0000brow |title=Redeeming the Republic: Federalists, Taxation, and the Origins of the Constitution |year=1993 |isbn=978-0801863554 |ref=brown1993}}

{{cite book |author-link=James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce |last=Bryce |first=James, viscount |title=The American Commonwealth |edition=2nd |location=London |publisher=Macmillan and Co. |year=1893 |volume=1 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.508941/page/n9/mode/2up |ref=bryce1893}}

{{cite book |author-link=James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce |author-mask=2 |last=Bryce |first=James, viscount |title=The American Commonwealth |location=London |publisher=Macmillan and Co. |year=1899 |orig-date=1894 |volume=2 |edition=5th |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.167052/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=bryce1899}}

{{cite book |last=Burdick |first=Charles Kellogg |title=The law of the American Constitution; its origin and development |publisher=New York, London, G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/lawofamericancon00burd/page/n3/mode/2up |ref=burdick1922}}

{{cite book |last=Burgess |first=John William |title=Political science and comparative constitutional law |volume=I |authorlink=John Burgess (political scientist) |publisher=Boston, U.S.A., and London : Ginn & Co. |year=1890 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924092602253/page/n3/mode/2up |ref=burgess1890a}}

{{cite book |last=Burgess |first=John William |title=Political science and comparative constitutional law |volume=II |author-mask=2 |publisher=Boston, U.S.A., and London : Ginn & Co. |year=1890 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924092602261/page/n3/mode/2up |ref=burgess1890b}}

{{cite book|editor-last=Calabresi |editor-first=Steven G. |editor-link=Steven Calabresi |title=Originalism: A Quarter-Century of Debate |publisher=Regnery Pub. Inc. |year=2007 |location=Washington, DC |url=https://archive.org/details/originalismquart0000unse/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=978-1-59698-050-1 |ref=calabresi2009}}

{{cite book|last1=Collier |first1=Christopher |author-link1=Christopher Collier (historian) |last2=Collier |first2=James Lincoln |author-link2=James Lincoln Collier |title=Decision in Philadelphia: The Constitutional Convention of 1787 |publisher=Random House |year=1986 |location=New York | url=https://archive.org/details/decisioninphilad0000coll/mode/2up |isbn=0-394-52346-6 |ref=collier1986}}

{{cite book |editor1-last=Conley |editor1-first=Patrick T. |editor2-last=Kaminski |editor2-first=John P. |title=The Constitution and the states : the role of the original thirteen in the framing and adoption of the Federal Constitution |work= |publisher=Madison, Wis. : Madison House Publishers |year=1988 |isbn=0-945612-02-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionstat0000unse |ref=conley1988 }}

{{cite book |last=Corwin |first=Edward Samuel |title=John Marshall and the Constitution |volume= |authorlink=Edward Samuel Corwin |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1919 |url=https://archive.org/details/johnmarshallcons00corw/page/n11/mode/2up |ref=corwin1919}}

{{cite book |last=Corwin |first=Edward Samuel |title=Higher Law Background of American Constitutional Law |volume= |author-mask=2 |publisher=Cornell university Press |year=1955 |url=https://archive.org/details/higherlawbackgro00corw/page/n3/mode/2up |ref=corwin1955}}

{{cite book |last=Cullop |first=Floyd G. |title=The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States of America |publisher=New York : Signet Classics |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-4515-3130-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/declarationofind0000cull |ref=cullop2009}}

{{cite book |last=Currie |first=David P. |title=The Constitution in Congress: The Federalist Period 1789-1801 |authorlink=David P. Currie |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-2261-31146 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FFV9QGFC354C |ref=currie1997}}

{{cite book |last=Currie |first=David P. |title=The Constitution in Congress: The Jeffersonians, 1801-1829 |author-mask=2 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-2261-31177 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXWRAAAAMAAJ |ref=currie2001}}

{{cite book |last1=Curry |first1=James A. |last2=Riley |first2=Richard B. |last3=Battistoni |first3=Richard M. |title=Constitutional Government: The American Experience |publisher=Kendall Hunt |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7-872-9870-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qWR3pvfyI1sC |ref=curry2003}}

{{cite book |last=Dauer |first=Manning Julian |title=The Adams Federalists |publisher=Baltimore : The Johns Hopkins press |year=1953 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780801801518/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=dauer1953}}

{{cite book |last1=Devins|first1=Neal |last2=Whittington |first2=Keith E. |title=Congress and the Constitution |publisher=Durham : Duke University Press |year=2005 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/congressconstitu0000unse_z2i0/mode/2up |ref=multiple2005}}

{{cite book |last=Dudley |first=William |title=The Creation of the Constitution: Opposing Viewpoints |publisher=Greenhaven Press |year=1995 |location=San Diego, CA |url=https://archive.org/details/creationofconsti00will |isbn=978-1565-10221-7}}

{{cite book |last=Dumbauld |first=Edward |title=The Constitution of the United States |publisher=Norman, University of Oklahoma Press |year=1964 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionofu00dumb |ref=dumbauld1964}}

{{cite book |last=Dumbauld |first=Edward |author-mask=2 |title=The Bill of Rights and What It Means Today |location=Westport, CT |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1979 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/billofrightswhat0000dumb_y4h3 |ref=dumbauld1979}}

{{cite book |last=Elliott |first=William Yandell |title=The Need for Constitutional Reform: A Program for National Security |publisher=Whittlesey House, McGraw-Hill Book Company |year=1935 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RV0_AAAAIAAJ |ref=elliott1935}}

{{cite book |last=Ellis |first=Joseph J. |author-link=Joseph J. Ellis |title=Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation |location=New York |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=2000 |isbn=978-0375-40544-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/foundingbrothers0000elli_s9z2 |ref=ellis2000}}

{{cite book|last=Ellis |first=Joseph J. |author-link=Joseph J. Ellis |author-mask=2 |title=The Quartet: Orchestrating the Second American Revolution, 1783–1789 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=2015 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/quartetorchestra0000elli_e0g0 |isbn=978-0385-35340-3 |ref=ellis2015}}

{{cite book |last=English |first=Ross M. |chapter=Origins and Development of Congress |title=The United States Congress |pages=1–15 |publisher=Manchester University Press |year=2003 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt155jb28.5 |jstor= j.ctt155jb28.5|doi= |ref=English2003}}

{{cite book |last= Farber |first= Daniel |author-link= Daniel A. Farber |title= Lincoln's Constitution |publisher= University of Chicago Press |location= Chicago |year=2003 |isbn= 978-0-226-23793-0 |url= https://archive.org/details/lincolnsconstitu00farb |ref=faber2003 }}

{{cite book|last=Farrand |first=Max |author-link=Max Farrand |title=The Fathers of the Constitution |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1921 |location=New Haven, CT |url=https://archive.org/details/fathersofconstit00farr/mode/2up |ref=farrand1921}}

{{cite book |last=Farrand |first=Max |author-link=Max Farrand |author-mask=2 |title=The Framing of the Constitution of the United States |year=1913 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |url=https://archive.org/stream/framingofconstit00farruoft#page/38/mode/2up/search/demigods |ref=farrand1913}}

{{cite book |last1=Fausold |first1=Martin L. |last2=Shank |first2=Alan |title=The Constitution and the American presidency |publisher=Albany : State University of New York Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-7914-0467-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionamer0000faus |ref=fausold1991}}

{{cite book |last=Ferguson |first=Robert A. |title=Practice Extended: Beyond Law and Literature |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2015 |doi=10.7312/ferg17536 |jstor=10.7312/ferg17536 |isbn= |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/ferg17536 |ref=ferguson2016}}

{{cite book |editor-link=Paul Leicester Ford |editor-last=Ford |editor-first=Paul Leicester |title= Pamphlets on the Constitution of the United States, Published During its Discussion by the People, 1787–1788 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924020874099 |year=1888 |location= Brooklyn, NY |ref=leicester1888}}

{{cite book |last1=Ford |first1=Paul Leicester |last2=Sullivan |first2=James |last3=Winthrop |first3=James |author-mask=2 |title=Essays on the Constitution of the United States |publisher=Brooklyn, N.Y., Historical printing club |year=1892 |url=https://archive.org/details/essaysonconstitu00forduoft/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=ford1892}}

{{cite book |last=Ford |first=Worthington C. |title=Journals of the Continental Congress |volume=31 volumes |authorlink=Worthington C. Ford |publisher=Washington : U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/search?query=ford%2C+journals+of+the+Continental+Congress |ref=ford1904}}

{{cite book |last=Frankfurter |first=Felix |title=The public & its government |publisher=New Haven, Yale University Press |year=1930 |url=https://archive.org/details/publicitsgovernm0000fran |ref=frankfurter1930}}

{{cite book |editor1-last=Garvey |editor1-first=John H. |editor2-last=Aleinikoff |editor2-first=T. Alexander |title=Modern Constitutional Theory: A Reader |year=1989 |publisher=West Publishing Co. |location=St. Paul, MN |url=https://archive.org/details/modernconstituti0000unse/mode/2up |isbn=0-314-51813-4 |ref=garvey1989}}

{{Citation |last=Gerston |first=Larry N. |title=American Federalism: A Concise Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/americanfederali0000gers |year=2007 |place=Armonk, New York |publisher=M.E. Sharp |isbn=978-0-7656-1671-5 |ref=gerson2007}}

{{cite book |last1=Goodwin |first1=Liu |last2=Karlan |first2=Pamela S. |last3=Schroeder |first3=Christopher|title=Keeping faith with the Constitution |publisher=Washington, D.C. : American Constitution Society for Law and Policy |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-9823-8390-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/keepingfaithwith0000liug |ref=goodwin2009 }}

{{cite book |last=Gribin |first=Anthony V. |title=Constitution of the United States: Background, Analysis and Bibliography |publisher=Nova Science Publications Inc |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-5903-33198 |ref=gribin2003}}

{{cite book |last=Hagemann|first=Frances L |title=Study guide for the United States Constitution |publisher=Evanston, Ill. : McDougal, Littell |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-8660-9298-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyguideforuni0000hage |ref=hagemann1987}}

{{cite book |last=Hastings |first=Lyon |title=The Constitution and the Men Who Made It: The Story of the Constitutional Convention, 1787 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company |url=https://www.amazon.com/Constitution-men-who-made-Constitutional/dp/B0006AND30 |ref=hastings1936}}

{{cite book |last=Henkin |first=Louis |title=Foreign affairs and the United States Constitution |publisher=Oxford : Clarendon Press ; New York : Oxford University Press |year=1966 |isbn=978-0-1982-6098-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/foreignaffairsun0000henk/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=henkin1966}}

{{cite book |last=Hennessey |first=Jonathan |title=The United States Constitution |publisher=Hill and Wang |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-7218-5266-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/unitedstatescons00henn |ref=hennessey2009}}

{{cite book |last=Hockett |first=Homer C. |title=The Constitutional History Of The United States 1826-1876 |publisher=The Macmillan Company |year=1939 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275893/page/n1/mode/2up |ref=hockett1939}}

{{cite book |last=Hood |first=Silas |title=United States Constitution and socialism |volume= |publisher=Milwaukee : Social-Democratic Publishing Co. |year=1911 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924002673832 |ref=hood1911}}

{{cite book |last=Jensen |first=Merrill |author-link=Merrill Jensen |title=The New Nation: A History of the United States During the Confederation, 1781-1789 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. |year=1950 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/newnationahistor0001merr/page/n7/mode/2up |isbn= |ref=jensen1950}}

{{cite book |last1=Jensen |first1=Merrill |last2=Kaminski |first2=John P |last3=Saladino |first3=Gaspare J. |authorlink=Merrill Jensen |author-mask=2 |title=The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution: Constitutional Documents and Records, 1776–1787 |volume=1 |publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society Press |location=Madison, WI |year=1976 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924014135200/mode/2up |ref=jensen1976 }}

{{cite book |last=Jillson |first= Calvin C. |title= American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change |edition=8 |year=2016 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/americangovernme0000jill_g2h8 |isbn=978-1-138-78366-9 |ref=jillson2016}}

{{cite book|last=Jillson |first=Calvin C. |author-mask=2 |title=Constitution Making: Conflict and Consensus in the Federal Convention of 1787 |publisher=Agathon Press |year=1988 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionmaki0000jill/mode/2up |isbn=0-87586-081-8 |ref=jillson1988}}

{{cite book | last1=Kaminski | first1=John P. | last2=Leffler | first2=Richard |title=Creating the Constitution: A History in Documents | publisher=Center for the Study of the American Constitution | year=1991 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZuUgAQAAIAAJ |ref=kaminski1991}}

{{cite book |last=Kammen |first=Michael G |title=A machine that would go of itself : the Constitution in American culture |authorlink=Michael Kammen |publisher=New York : Knopf |year=1986 |isbn=978-1-1385-18391 |url=https://archive.org/details/machinethatwould0000kamm_h3z0 |ref=kammen1986}}

{{cite book |last=Keenan |first=Joseph T. |title=The Constitution of the United States : an unfolding story |publisher=Chicago, Ill. : Dorsey Press |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-5341-0627-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionofun00jose/page/n3/mode/2up |ref=keenan1988}}

{{cite book |last=Kenyon |first=Cecelia Marie |title="An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution" After Fifty Years |volume= |authorlink= |publisher=(No publisher listed) |year=1963 |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yXHxuQEACAAJ |ref=kenyon1963}}

{{cite book | editor-last=Ketcham |editor-first=Ralph |title=The Anti-Federalist Papers and the Constitutional Convention Debates |year=1986 |publisher=Mentor (Penguin Publishing Group) |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/antifederalistpa00ketc/mode/2up |ref=ketcham1986}}

{{cite book |last=Klarman |first=Michael J. | author-link=Michael Klarman |title=The Framers' Coup: The Making of the United States Constitution | publisher=Oxford University Press | year = 2016 | url = https://archive.org/details/framerscoupmakin0000klar/mode/2up | isbn=978-0-1908-6596-2 |ref=klarman2016}}

{{cite book |last=Kohn |first=Hans |title=the idea of nationalism |publisher=The MacMillan Company |year=1960 |url=https://archive.org/details/ideaofnationalis0000hans/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=kohn1960}}

{{cite book |last=Kyvig |first=David E. |author-link=David E. Kyvig |title=Explicit and Authentic Acts: Amending the U.S. Constitution, 1776-1995 |publisher=University Press of Kansas |year=1996 |location=Lawrence, KS |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780700607921/mode/2up |isbn=0-7006-0792-7 |ref=kyvig1996}}

{{cite book|last1= Larson| first1=Edward J.|last2= Winship |first2= Michael P. |title= The Constitutional Convention: A Narrative History from the Notes of James Madison |year= 2005 |publisher=The Modern Library |location= New York |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MKk_DwAAQBAJ|isbn= 0-8129-7517-0 |ref=larson2005}}

{{cite book |last=Levinson |first=Sanford |author-link=Sanford Levinson |title=Our Undemocratic Constitution: Where the Constitution Goes Wrong (and How We the People Can Correct It) |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |location=Oxford; New York |url=https://archive.org/details/ourundemocraticc0000levi/ |isbn=0-19-530751-8 |ref=levinson2006}}

{{cite book |editor1=Levy, Leonard W. |editor2=Mahoney, Dennis J. |title=The Framing and Ratification of the Constitution |publisher=New York: Macmillan; London |year=1987 |isbn=9780029187906 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OX2RAAAAMAAJ |ref=levy1987}}

{{cite encyclopedia |editor-link=Leonard Levy |editor1-last=Levy |editor1-first=Leonard W. |editor2-last=Karst |editor2-first=Kenneth L. |title=Encyclopedia of the American Constitution |volume=1 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |location=New York |date=2000 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780028655826 |isbn=0-02-864880-3 |ref=levy1}}

{{cite encyclopedia |editor-link=Leonard Levy |editor1-last=Levy |editor1-first=Leonard W. |editor2-last=Karst |editor2-first=Kenneth L. |editor-mask1=2 |editor-mask2=2 |title=Encyclopedia of the American Constitution |volume=2 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |location=New York |date=2000 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780028655833 |isbn=0-02-864880-3 |ref=levy2}}

{{cite encyclopedia |editor-link=Leonard Levy |editor1-last=Levy |editor1-first=Leonard W. |editor2-last=Karst |editor2-first=Kenneth L. |editor-mask1=2 |editor-mask2=2 |title=Encyclopedia of the American Constitution |volume=3 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |location=New York |date=2000 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780028655840 |isbn=0-02-864880-3 |ref=levy3}}

{{cite encyclopedia |editor-link=Leonard Levy |editor1-last=Levy |editor1-first=Leonard W. |editor2-last=Karst |editor2-first=Kenneth L. |editor-mask1=2 |editor-mask2=2 |title=Encyclopedia of the American Constitution |volume=4 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |location=New York |date=2000 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780028655857 |isbn=0-02-864880-3 |ref=levy4}}

{{cite encyclopedia |editor-link=Leonard Levy |editor1-last=Levy |editor1-first=Leonard W. |editor2-last=Karst |editor2-first=Kenneth L. |editor-mask1=2 |editor-mask2=2 |title=Encyclopedia of the American Constitution |volume=5 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |location=New York |date=2000 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780028655864 |isbn=0-02-864880-3 |ref=levy5}}

{{cite encyclopedia |editor-link=Leonard Levy |editor1-last=Levy |editor1-first=Leonard W. |editor2-last=Karst |editor2-first=Kenneth L. |editor-mask1=2 |editor-mask2=2 |title=Encyclopedia of the American Constitution |volume=6 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |location=New York |date=2000 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780028655871 |isbn=0-02-864880-3 |ref=levy6}}

{{cite book |last=Lomask |first=Milton |title=The spirit of 1787 : the making of our Constitution |publisher=New York : Farrar Straus Giroux |year=1980 |isbn=978-0-4497-02628 |url=https://archive.org/details/spiritof1787maki0000loma |ref=lomask1980}}

{{cite book |last=Lynd |first=Staughton |title=Class Conflict, Slavery, and the United States Constitution: Ten Essays |authorlink=Staughton Lynd |publisher=Indianapolis : Bobbs-Merrill |year=1967 |isbn=978-0-5211-1484-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/classconflictsla0000unse/mode/2up |ref=lynd1967}}

{{cite book |last=Maier |first=Pauline |author-link=Pauline Maier |title=Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787-1788 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=2010 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/ratificationpeop0000maie/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=9780684868547 |ref=maier2010 }}

{{cite book |last=Main |first=Jackson Turner Authorlink=Jackson Turner Main |title=The Antifederalists : critics of the Constitution, 1781-1788 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=1961 |url=https://archive.org/details/antifederalistsc0000main/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=main1961}}

{{cite book |last=Main |first=Jackson Turner |title=Political parties before the Constitution |author-mask=2 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=1973 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalparties0000main/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=main1973}}

{{cite book |last=Maltz |first=Earl M. |title=Civil Rights, the Constitution, and Congress, 1863-1869 |authorlink= |publisher=University Press of Kansas |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-7006-04678 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VCSQAAAAMAAJ |ref=maltz1990}}

{{cite book |last=Mansfield |first=Harvey C., Jr. |title=America's Constitutional Soul |publisher=Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-8018-4114-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/americasconstitu0000mans/mode/2up |ref=mansfield1991}}

{{cite book|last=McDonald |first=Forrest |author-link=Forrest McDonald |title=E Pluribus Unum: The Formation of the American Republic, 1776-1790 |publisher=Liberty Fund |year=1979 |orig-date=1965 |location=Indianapolis, IN |url=https://archive.org/details/epluribusunumfor0000mcdo |isbn=0-9139-6658-4 |ref=mcdonald1965}}

{{cite book |last=McDonald |first=Forrest |title=Novus Ordo Seclorum: The Intellectual Origins of the Constitution |authorlink=Forrest McDonald |author-mask=2 |location=Lawrence, KS |publisher=University Press of Kansas |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-7006-0311-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/novusordosecloru0000mcdo_c0o7 |ref=mcdonald1985}}

{{cite book|last=McDonald |first=Forrest |author-link=Forrest McDonald |author-mask=2 |title=We the People: The Economic Origins of the Constitution |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1958 |location=Chicago |url=https://archive.org/details/wepeopleeconomic0000mcdo_z0q3/mode/2up |ref=mcdonald1958}}

{{cite book |last=McGuire |first=Robert A. |title=To Form a More Perfect Union: A New Economic Interpretation of the United States Constitution |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/toformmoreperfec0000mcgu/mode/2up |isbn=0-19-513970-4 |ref=mcguire2003}}

{{cite book|last=McLaughlin |first=Andrew C. |author-link=Andrew C. McLaughlin |title=The Confederation and the Constitution, 1783-1789 |publisher=Harper & Brothers |year=1905 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924084220981/mode/2up|ref=mclaughlin1905}}

{{cite book |last=McLaughlin |first=Andrew C. |author-link=Andrew C. McLaughlin |author-mask=2 |title=A Constitutional History of the United States |publisher=Appleton-Century-Crofts |year=1935 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionalhi0000mcla_j5p9/mode/2up |ref=mclaughlin1935}}

{{cite book |last1=McManus |first1=Edgar J |last2=Helfman |first2=Tara |title=Liberty and Union : a constitutional history of the United States |publisher=New York : Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-1367-5660-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/libertyunioncons0000mcma/page/n3/mode/2up |ref=mcmanus2014}}

{{cite book |last=McPhillips |first=Martin |title=The Constitutional Convention |publisher= Morristown, N.J. : Silver Burdett |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-3820-9435-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionalco0000mcph |ref=mcphillips1985}}

{{cite book |last=Mead |first=Walter B. |title=The United States Constitution: personalities, principles, and issues |publisher=Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina Press |year=1987 |isbn=0872495205 |url=https://archive.org/details/unitedstatescons0000mead/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=mead1987}}

{{cite book |last=Meese |first=Edwin III |title=The Heritage Guide to the Constitution |authorlink=Edwin Meese |publisher=Washington, DC : Heritage Foundation |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-5969-8001-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/heritageguidetoc0000unse |ref=meese2005}}

{{cite book|last1=Mitchell |first1=Broadus |last2=Mitchell |first2=Louise Pearson |author-link1=Broadus Mitchell |title=A Biography of the Constitution of the United States: Its Origin, Formation, Adoption, Interpretation |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1975 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/biographyofconst003668/page/n7/mode/2up |isbn=0-1950-1932-6 |ref=mitchell1975}}

{{cite book |last=Moehn |first=Heather |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=umfzUobPvk0C&pg=PA37 |title=The U.S. Constitution: A Primary Source Investigation Into the Fundamental Law of the United States |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8239-3804-9 |ref=moehn2010}}

{{cite book |last=Morgan |first=Edmund Sears|title=The birth of the Republic, 1763-89 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1956 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/birthofrepublic0000unse/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=morgan1956}}

{{cite book |last=Morris |first=Richard B. |author-link=Richard B. Morris |author-mask= |title=The Forging of the Union |publisher=Harper & Row |year=1987 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/forgingofunion00morr_0/mode/2up |isbn=978-0-0609-1424-0 |ref=morris1987}}

{{cite book |last=Morton |first=Joseph |title=Shapers of the Great Debate at the Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Biographical Dictionary |location=Westport, CT |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-3133-3021-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/shapersofgreatde0000mort |ref=morton2006}}

{{cite book |last=Nardulli |first=Peter F. |title=The Constitution and American political development : an institutional perspective |publisher=Urbana : University of Illinois Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-2520-6174-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionamer0000unse_o4g5/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=nardulli1992}}

{{cite book |last=Nevins |first=Allan |author-link=Allan Nevins |title=The American States During and After the Revolution, 1775-1789 |publisher=The Macmillan Company |year=1924 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/americanstatesdu00nevi/mode/2up |ref=nevins1924}}

{{cite book |last=Odesser-Torpey |first=Marilyn |title=Insiders' Guide to Philadelphia & Pennsylvania Dutch Country |year=2013 |publisher=Morris Book Publishing, LLC |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wUW6u7aPHzIC |ref=odesser2013}}

{{cite book |last1=Padover |first1=Saul K. |author-link=Saul K. Padover |last2=Landynski |first2=Jacob W. |title=The Living U.S. Constitution |publisher=Meridian |edition=3rd rev. |year=1995 |location=New York |isbn=978-0452011472 |url=https://archive.org/details/livingusconstitu00pado |ref=padover1995 }}

{{cite book|last=Padover |first=Saul K. |author-link=Saul K. Padover |author-mask=2 |title=To Secure These Blessings: The Great Debates of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 |publisher=Washington Square Press |year=1962 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/tosecuretheseble0000unit/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=padover1962}}

{{cite book |last=Palumbo |first=Arthur E. |title=The Authentic Constitution: An Originalist View of America's Legacy |publisher=Algora Publishing |year=2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPBZ1K1nX6QC |isbn=978-0-8758-6707-6 |ref=palumbo, 2009}}

{{cite book |last1=Paulsen |first1=Michael Stokes |last2=Calabresi |first2=Stephen G. |last3=McConnell |first3=Michael W. |last4=Bray |first4=Samuel L. |title=The Constitution of the United States |quote=Case studies and essays involving Constitutional law. (1659 pages) |publisher=St. Paul, MN : Foundation Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-5877-8880-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionofun0000paul_f8u2 |ref=paulsen2013 }}

{{cite book |last=Perry |first=Richard L. |title=Sources of Our Liberties: Documentary Origins of Individual Liberties in the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights |location=Chicago |publisher=American Bar Foundation |year=1959 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/sourcesofourlibe0000unse/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=perry1959}}

{{cite book |last=Peterson |first=Helen Stone |title=The making of the United States Constitution |publisher=Champaign, Ill., Garrard Pub. Co |year=1974 |isbn=978-0-8116-6509-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/makingofunited00pete |ref=peterson1974}}

{{cite book |last=Price Hossell |first=Karen |title=The United States Constitution |volume= |publisher=Chicago, Ill. : Heinemann Library |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-4034-3434-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791403408043 |ref=price2004}}

{{cite book |last= Pritchett |first= C. Herman |title= The American Constitution |url= https://archive.org/details/americanconstitu0000prit_u5p8 |url-access= registration |publisher= McGraw-Hill |location= New York |year= 1959 |ref=pritchett1959}}

{{cite book |last= Qing Yu |first=Li |editor-last=Starr |editor-first=Joseph Barton |chapter=Dr. Sun Yat Sen and the U.S. Constitution |title=The United States Constitution: Its Birth, Growth, and Influence in Asia |publisher=Hong Kong University Press |location=Hong Kong |year=1988 |isbn=978-962-209-201-3 |ref=qingyu1988}}

{{cite book |last=Rakove |first=Jack N. |author-link=Jack N. Rakove |title=Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=1996 |location=New York |isbn=0-394-57858-9 | url=https://archive.org/details/originalmeanings0000rako |ref=rakove1996}}

{{cite book|last=Rossiter |first=Clinton |author-link=Clinton Rossiter |title=Alexander Hamilton and the Constitution |publisher=Harcourt, Brace & World |year=1964 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/alexanderhamilto00ross |ref=rossiter1964}}

{{cite book |last=Rossiter |first=Clinton |author-link=Clinton Rossiter |author-mask=2 |title=1787: The Grand Convention |year=1987 |orig-date=1st published 1966 |publisher=W.W. Norton |location=New York |isbn=978-0-393-30404-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/1787grandconvent0000ross |ref=rossiter1987}}

{{cite book|last=Rutland |first=Robert Allen |title=The Ordeal of the Constitution: The Antifederalists and the Ratification Struggle of 1787-1788 |publisher=Northeastern University Press |year=1983 |location=Boston |url=https://archive.org/details/ordealofconstitu0000rutl_s2f2/mode/2up |isbn=978-0930-35051-2 |ref=rutland1983}}

{{cite book |last=Schultz |first=David Andrew |title=Encyclopedia of the United States Constitution |volume=I |location=New York |publisher=Facts On File |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8160-6763-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofun0001schu |ref=schultz2009a}}

{{cite book |last=Schultz |first=David Andrew |author-mask=2 |title=Encyclopedia of the United States Constitution |volume=II |location=New York |publisher=Facts On File |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8160-6763-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofun0002schu |ref=schultz2009b}}

{{cite book |last=Schuyler |first=Robert Livingston |title=The Constitution of the United States; an historical survey of its formation |publisher=New York, The Macmillan Company |year=1923 |url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionofun00schu/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=schuyler1923}}

{{cite book |last=Schwartz |first=Bernard |title=The Reins of Power: A Constitutional History of the United States |publisher=Hill and Wang |year=1963 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/reinsofpowercon00schw |ref=schwartz1963}}

{{cite book |last=Shea |first=Therese |title=The United States Constitution |publisher=New York, NY : Gareth Stevens Publishing |year=2014 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/unitedstatescons0000shea |ref=shea2014}}

{{cite book |last=Shepard |first= E. Lee, comp. |title='Reluctant Ratifiers: Virginia Considers the Federal Constitution |publisher=Richmond: Virginia Historical Society |year=1988 |isbn=0-945015-01-1 |ref=shepard1988}}
{{cite book |editor-last=Solberg |editor-first=Winton U. |title=The Constitutional Convention and the Formation of the Union |authorlink= |publisher=University of Illinois Press |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-2520-61240 |url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionalco0000unse_y4h0 |ref=solberg1990}}

{{cite book |last=Sonneborn |first=Liz |title=The United States Constitution |publisher=Chicago : Heinemann Library |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-4329-6752-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/unitedstatescons0000sonn |ref=sonneborn2013}}

{{cite book |last=Stewart |first=David O. |author-link=David O. Stewart |title=The Summer of 1787: The Men Who Invented the Constitution |year=2007 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |location=New York |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NveNQBMwpLEC |isbn=978-0-7432-8692-3 |ref=stewart2007}}

{{cite book |last=Tribe |first=Laurence H. |title=On reading the Constitution |authorlink= |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-6746-36262 |url=https://archive.org/details/onreadingconstit0000trib_p0k7 |ref=1991}}

{{cite book |last=Van Cleve |first=George |title=We Have Not a Government: The Articles of Confederation and the Road to the Constitution |publisher=University of Chicago Press | year=2017 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xNI4DwAAQBAJ | isbn = 978-0-2264-8050-3 |ref=vancleve2017}}

{{cite book |last=Van Doren |first=Carl |title=The great rehearsal : the story of the making and ratifying of the Constitution of the United States |authorlink=Carl Van Doren |publisher=New York : Viking Press |year=1948 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/greatrehearsalst0000vand |ref=vandoren1948}}

{{cite book |last=Vile |first=John R. |title=A companion to the United States Constitution and its amendments |volume= |publisher=Westport, Conn. : Praeger |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-2759-8932-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/companiontounite00vile |ref=vile1997}}

{{cite book |last=Warren |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Warren (U.S. author) |title=The Making of the Constitution |publisher=Little, Brown, and Company |year=1928 |location=Boston |url=https://archive.org/details/makingofconstitu0000warr/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=warren1928}}

{{cite book|last=Whittington |first=Keith E. |author-link=Keith Whittington |title=Constitutional Interpretation: Textual Meaning, Original Intent, and Judicial Review |publisher=University Press of Kansas |year=1999 |location=Lawrence, KS |url=https://archive.org/details/constitutionalin0000whit_c0y1/mode/2up |isbn=0-7006-0969-5 |ref=whittington1999}}

{{cite book |last=Wood |first=Gordon S. |author-link=Gordon S. Wood |title=The Confederation and the Constitution: The Critical Issues |publisher=University Press of America |year=1979 |location=Washington, DC |url=https://archive.org/details/confederationcon0000wood/mode/2up |isbn=978-0819-10821-0 |ref=wood1979}}

{{cite book |last=Wood |first=Gordon S. |author-link=Gordon S. Wood |author-mask=2 |title=The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=1969 | url=https://archive.org/details/creationofameric0000wood/mode/2up |isbn=978-0-8078-4723-7 |ref=wood1969}}

{{cite book |last=Wood |first=Gordon S. |author-link=Gordon S. Wood |author-mask=2 |title=The Idea of America: Reflections on the Birth of the United States |url=https://archive.org/details/ideaofamericaref0000wood |publisher=The Penguin Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-59420-290-2 |ref=wood2011}}

{{cite book |last=Wood |first=Gordon S. |title=The Making of the Constitution |author-mask=2 |publisher=Baylor University Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-9189-54497 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HikVAQAAIAAJ |ref=Wood1987}}

{{cite book |last=Wright |first=Benjamin Fletcher |title=The Contract Clause Of The Constitution |publisher=Harvard university Press |year=1938 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275902/page/n1/mode/2up |ref=wright1938}}

{{cite book |author1-last=Yates |author1-first=Robert |author1-link=Robert Yates (politician) |author2-last=Lansing |author2-first=John |author2-link=John Lansing Jr. |author3-last=Martin |author3-first=Luther |author3-link=Luther Martin |title=Secret Proceedings and Debates of the Convention Assembled at Philadelphia, in the Year 1787: For the Purpose of Forming the United States of America |publisher=Websters and Skinners |year=1821 |location=Albany,NY |url=https://archive.org/details/secretproceedin01convgoog/page/n14/mode/2up |ref=yates1821}}

==Papers==

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20455679 "America's Constitution" and the Yale School of Constitutional Interpretation]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44630818 American Constitutionalism and the War for Independence]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/43151587 American Constitutional Exceptionalism Revisited]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24486660 The Anti-Federalists' Toughest Challenge: Paper Money, Debt Relief, and the Ratification of the Constitution]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/27764871 Articles and the Constitution: Similar in Nature, Different in Design]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3480409 The Authority of the Framers of the Constitution: Can Originalist Interpretation Be Justified?]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/26598788 Coalitional Instability and the Three-Fifths Compromise]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2147971 The Compromise of 1787]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1833471 Compromises of the Constitution]
[https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution/how-did-it-happen The Constitution: How Did It Happen?]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/597327 Constitutional Agreement during the Drafting of the Constitution: A New Interpretation]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25434790 The Critical Role of Committees at the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5215/pennmaghistbio.135.3.0227 Early Drafts of the U.S. Constitution]
[https://www2.gwu.edu/~ffcp/ATubtotheWhale.pdf Founding Fathers & Bill of Rights Adoption]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1939765 The Great Compromise: Ideas, Interests, and the Politics of Constitution Making]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2144490 The Idea of a National Government During the American Revolution]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/26322533 James Madison and the Constitution: Reassessing the "Madison Problem"]
[https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers Meet the Framers of the Constitution]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41178693 Mythologizing the U.S. Constitution]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.69.2.0382 Narrative, Interpretation, and the Ratification of the Constitution]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41635554 Natural Law and the United States Constitution]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2716327 On Turner, Beard and Slavery]
[https://www.dialoguejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/articles/Dialogue_V46N02_4029e.pdf Our Bickering Founding Fathers and Their Messy, Flawed, Divinely Inspired Constitution]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1939766 Reason and Compromise in the Establishment of the Federal Constitution, 1787-1801]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1922187 Republicanism and Slavery: Origins of the Three-Fifths Clause in the United States Constitution]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20698315 The Significance of Signatures: Why the Framers Signed the Constitution and What They Meant by Doing So]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25162564 Why Did the Founding Fathers Write the Constitution?]

==Web resources==

[http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders The Founders Constitution], University of Chicago Press
[https://founders.archives.gov/ Founders Online], National Archives

=[[Federalist Papers]]=

==Book==

{{cite book |last=Epstein |first=David F. |title=The Political Theory of the Federalist |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1984 |location=Chicago |url=https://archive.org/details/politicaltheoryo00epst/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=0-226-21299-8}}

==Papers==

[https://guides.loc.gov/federalist-papers/full-text Full Text of The Federalist Papers]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1921883 Authorship of the Disputed Federalist Papers]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1923729 Authorship of the Disputed Federalist Papers: Part II]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2589242 Separating Hyperplanes and the Authorship of the Disputed Federalist Papers]

=[[Slavery in the United States|Slavery]]=

==Books==

{{cite book|editor-last=Allain |editor-first=Jean |editor-link=Jean Allain |title=The Legal Understanding of Slavery: From the Historical to the Contemporary |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2012 |location=Oxford, UK |url=https://archive.org/details/legalunderstandi0000unse/mode/2up |isbn=0199660468 |ref=Allain2012}}
{{Cite book |last=Bell |first=Derrick |author-link=Derrick Bell |title=And We Are Not Saved: The Elusive Quest for Racial Justice |date=2008 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-0-7867-2269-3 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/andwearenotsaved00bell/page/n6/mode/2up}}
{{cite book |last=Belz |first=Herman |title=Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era |url=https://archive.org/details/emancipationequa0000belz |url-access=registration |publisher=W. W. Norton |location=New York |year=1978 }}
{{cite book|last=Bergman |first=Peter M. |title=The Chronological History of the Negro in America |publisher=Harper and Row |year=1969 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/chronologicalhis0000berg_p3l9/page/n5/mode/2up}}
{{cite book|last=Blackmon|first=Douglas A.|title=Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II|date=March 25, 2008|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0385-50625-0|url=https://archive.org/details/slaverybyanother00blac_0}}
{{cite book |first=Clayton E. |last=Cramer |title=Black Demographic Data, 1790–1860: A Sourcebook |year=1997 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0313-30243-5 |ref=Cramer |url=https://archive.org/details/blackdemographic00clay}}
{{cite book|last=Davis |first=David Brion |author-link=David Brion Davis |title=The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution 1770-1823 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |orig-date=1st published 1975 |location=New York | url=https://archive.org/details/DavidBrionDavisTheProblemOfSlaveryInTheBookZZ.org/mode/2up |isbn=0-19-512671-8}}
{{cite book |first=W.E.B. |last=Du Bois |author-link=W. E. B. Du Bois |title=Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880' |url=https://archive.org/details/blackreconstruct0000dubo |url-access=registration |publisher=Russell & Russell |location=New York |year=1935}}
{{cite book |editor-last1=Duberman |editor-first1=Martin B. |editor-link=Martin Duberman |title=The Antislavery Vanguard: New Essays on the Abolitionists |publisher=Princeton University Press |date=1965 |location=Princeton, NJ |url=https://archive.org/details/antislaveryvangu00dube/page/n5/mode/2up}}
{{cite book |last=Finkelman |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Finkelman |title=Slavery and the Founders: Race and Liberty in the Age of Jefferson |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |year=1996 |location=Armonk, NY |url=https://archive.org/details/slaveryfoundersr0000fink |isbn=978-1563-24590-9}}
{{cite book |last=Foner |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Foner |title=The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery |year=2010 |publisher=W. W. Norton |isbn=9780393066180 |url=https://archive.org/details/fierytrialabraha0000fone/page/n7/mode/2up}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=earytjxi6pEC Preview.]
{{cite book |last=Foner |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Foner |author-mask=2 |title=A Short History of Reconstruction, 1863-1877 |publisher=Harper & Row |year=1990 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofre00eric/page/n3/mode/2up |isbn=978-0060-96431-3}}
{{cite book |last=Franklin |first=John Hope |author-link=John Hope Franklin |title=From Slavery to Freedom |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=1974 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/fromslaverytofre0000john/page/n3/mode/2up |isbn=0-07-021907-9}}
{{cite book |title=Inherently Unequal: The Betrayal of Equal Rights by the Supreme Court, 1865–1903 |last=Goldstone |first=Lawrence |year=2011 |publisher=Walker & Company |isbn=978-0802-71792-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/inherentlyunequa0000gold|url-access=registration}}
{{cite book|editor1-last=Goldwin |editor1-first=Robert A. |editor-link=Robert Goldwin |editor2-last=Kaufman |editor2-first=Art |title=Slavery and Its Consequences: The Constitution, Equality, and Race |publisher=American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research |year=1988 |location=Washington, DC |url=https://archive.org/details/slaveryitsconseq0000unse/page/n3/mode/2up |isbn=0-8447-3650-3}}
{{cite book|last=Goodwin|first=Doris Kearns |title=Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln |url=https://archive.org/details/teamofrivalspoli00good|url-access=registration |year=2005 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-0743-27075-5}}
{{cite book |last=Kachun |first=Mitch |title=Festivals of Freedom: Memory and Meaning in African American Emancipation Celebrations, 1808–1915 |year=2003 }} [https://archive.org/details/festivalsoffreed0000kach Preview.]
{{cite book|editor-last=Kaminski |editor-first=John P. |title=A Necessary Evil?: Slavery and the Debate over the Constitution |publisher=Madison House |year=1995 |location=Madison, WI |url=https://archive.org/details/necessaryevilsla0000unse/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=978-0945-61216-2}}
{{cite book|last=Lincoln |first=Abraham |author-link=Abraham Lincoln |editor-last=Gates |editor-first=Henry Lewis, Jr. |title=Lincoln on Race & Slavery |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2009 |location=Princeton, NJ |url=https://archive.org/details/lincolnonracesla0000linc/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=978-0691-14234-0}}
{{cite book|last=Liston |first=Robert A. |title=Slavery in America: The History of Slavery |publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=1970 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/slaveryinamerica00list/page/n5/mode/2up}}
{{cite book |last=Maltz |first=Earl M. |title=Slavery and the Supreme Court, 1825-1861 |publisher=University Press of Kansas |year=2009 |location=Lawrence, Kansas |isbn=978-0700-61666-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/slaverysupremeco0000malt}}
{{cite book |last=McPherson|first=James M.|title=Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era|url=https://archive.org/details/battlecryoffreed00mcph|year=1988|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0195-03863-7}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=a3nX48n4oeIC Preview.]
{{cite book |last=Novak |first=Daniel A. |title=The Wheel of Servitude: Black Forced Labor after Slavery |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |location=Kentucky |year=1978 |isbn=0-81-311371-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/wheelofservitude00dani }}
{{cite book|last=Painter |first=Nell Irvin |author-link= |title=Creating Black Americans: African-American History and Its Meanings, 1619 to the Present |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/creatingblackame0000pain/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=0-19-513756-6}}
{{cite book |last=Richards |first=Leonard L. |title=Who Freed the Slaves?: The Fight over the Thirteenth Amendment |year=2015}} [https://www.amazon.com/Who-Freed-Slaves-Thirteenth-Amendment-ebook/dp/B00SLVOLU0/ Excerpt.] Emphasis on the role of Congressman James Ashley.
{{cite book|last=Robinson |first=Donald L. |title=Slavery in the Structure of American Politics, 1765-1820 |publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich |year=1970 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/slaveryinstructu0000robi/page/n7/mode/2up |isbn=0-15-182972-1}}
Samito, Christian G., Lincoln and the Thirteenth Amendment (Southern Illinois University Press, 2015) xii, 171 pp.
{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Mark M. |title=Mastered by the Clock: Time, Slavery, and Freedom in the American South |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=1997 |location=Chapel Hill, NC |url=https://archive.org/details/masteredbyclockt0000smit/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=978-0807-82344-6}}
{{cite book |last=Thorpe |first=Francis Newton |author-link=Francis Newton Thorpe |title=The Constitutional History of the United States, vol. 3: 1861–1895 |url=https://archive.org/stream/constitutionalh00thorgoog |location=Chicago |date=1901 }}
{{cite book |last=Trelease |first=Allen W. |title=White Terror: The Ku Klux Klan Conspiracy and Southern Reconstruction |publisher=Harper & Row |location=New York |year=1971 |url=https://archive.org/details/whiteterrorkuklu0000trel/page/n5/mode/2up |url-access=registration}}
{{cite book |last=Tsesis |first=Alexander |author-link=Alexander Tsesis| title=The Thirteenth Amendment and American freedom: a legal history |publisher=New York University Press |location=New York |year=2004 |isbn=0814782760 }}
{{cite book |last1=Vicino |first1=Thomas J. |last2=Hanlon |first2=Bernadette |title=Global Migration The Basics |year=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134-69687-1}}
{{cite book |last=Vorenberg |first=Michael |title=Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=2001 |isbn=978-1139-42800-2}} [https://archive.org/details/finalfreedomcivi0000vore/page/n7/mode/2up Preview.]
{{cite book|last=Waldstreicher |first=David |title=Slavery's Constitution: From Revolution to Ratification |publisher=Hill and Wang |year=2009 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/slaverysconstitu00wald/page/n7/mode/2up |isbn=978-0809-09453-0}}
{{cite book |first=William D. |last=Wright |title=Critical Reflections on Black History |year=2002 |page=125 |publisher=Praeger Publishers |location=Westport, Connecticut |isbn=978-0275-97443-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GYs4YUVGtewC}}
{{cite book|last=Wills |first=Garry |author-link=Garry Wills |title=Negro President: Jefferson and the Slave Power |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=2003 |location=Boston |url=https://archive.org/details/negropresidentje0000will_j5v0 |isbn=978-0618-34398-0}}

==Papers==

[http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1062&context=yjlf Beyond Metaphor: Battered Women, Involuntary Servitude and the Thirteenth Amendment]

[http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3535&context=mlr Constitutional Politics, Constitutional Law, and the Thirteenth Amendment]

[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/founding-fathers-and-slaveholders-72262393/ Founding Fathers and Slaveholders]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1856595 The Founding Fathers and Slavery]

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23302945 Instead of Waiting for the Thirteenth Amendment: The War Power, Slave Marriage, and Inviolate Human Rights]

[http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5087&context=uclrev The Lawfulness of the Reconstruction Amendments]

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/43671037 Lincoln and the "Necessity" of Tolerating Slavery before the Civil War]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2716327 On Turner, Beard and Slavery]

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/844413 The Origin of Slavery in the United States—The Maryland Precedent]

[http://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1026&context=law_lawreview The Scope of Congress's Thirteenth Amendment Enforcement Power After City of Boerne v. Flores]
[https://digitalcommons.law.mercer.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1344&context=jour_mlr Slavery and Race: An Essay on New Ideas and Enduring Shibboleths in the Interpretation of the American Constitutional System]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep30693.4 Slavery in America]
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41478766 Slavery, Settlement, and Empire: The Expansion and Growth of Slavery, 1770-1820]

[https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2891118 Sleeping Giant?: Section Two of the Thirteenth Amendment, Hate Crimes Legislation, and Academia's Favorite New Vehicle for the Expansion of Federal Power]

[https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1871&context= Striking Resemblance: Kentucky, Tennessee, Black Codes and Readjustment, 1865–1866]

[https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3712&context=faculty_scholarship The Thirteenth Amendment and Slavery in the Global Economy]

[https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1116&context=dlj The Thirteenth Amendment and the Lost Origins of Civil Rights]

[https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/californialawreview/vol39/iss2/1 Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States: Consummation to Abolition and Key to the Fourteenth Amendment]

=Religion=

==Books==

{{cite book |last=Frazer |first=Gregg L. |title=The religious beliefs of America's founders : Reason, Revelation, and Revolution |publisher=Lawrence, Kansas. : University Press of Kansas |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-7006-1845-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/religiousbel_fraz_2012_000_10692050/page/n3/mode/2up |ref=frazer2012}}
{{cite book |last=Gelfand |first=Ravina |title=The freedom of religion in America |publisher=Minneapolis, Lerner Publications Co |year=1969 |isbn=978-0822502197 |url=https://archive.org/details/freedomofreligio0000gelf/mode/2up?q=madison |ref=gelfand1969}}
{{cite book |last=Heimert |first=Alan |title=Religion and The American Mind: From the Great Awakening to the Revolution |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=1966 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |url=https://archive.org/details/religionamerican0000heim_j2a7/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=9780674755505}}
{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=David |author-link=David L. Holmes |year=2006 |title=The Faiths of the Founding Fathers |title-link=The Faiths of the Founding Fathers |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press}}
{{cite book |last=Kowalski |first=Gary A. |title=Revolutionary Spirits: The Enlightened Faith of America's Founding Fathers |publisher=BlueBridge |year=2008 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/revolutionaryspi0000kowa_h7g8/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=978-1-933346-09-0}}
{{cite book |last=Lambert |first=Franklin T. |author-link=Franklin T. Lambert |year=2003 |title=The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey |publication-date=2006 |isbn=978-0691126029 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/foundin_lam_2003_00_2547}}
{{cite book|last1=Novak|first1=Michael|last2=Novak|first2=Jana|title=Washington's God: Religion, Liberty, and The Father of Our Country|author-link=Michael Novak|publisher=Basic Books|year=2007|isbn=978-0-465-05126-7|url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonsgodre00nova/page/n5/mode/2up}}
{{cite book |last=Schwartz |first=Laurens R. |title=Jews and the American Revolution: Haym Salomon and Others |publisher=McFarland |year=1987 |isbn=978-0899502205 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RF92AAAAMAAJ |ref=schwartz1987}}

==Papers==

[https://muse.jhu.edu/article/710817/summary Reading the Bible with the Founding Fathers (review)]
Green, Steven K. (2015). Inventing a Christian America: The Myth of the Religious Founding. Oxford University Press.
Harris, Matthew; Kidd, Thomas, eds. (2012). The founding fathers and the debate over religion in revolutionary America: a history in documents. (Oxford University Press.

=Miscellaneous=

==Books==

{{Cite book |last=Deetz |first=James F.|title=In Small Things Forgotten: An Archaeology of Early American Life|publisher=Anchor Books, Doubleday|year=1996|location=New York |isbn=978-0385080316 |url=https://archive.org/details/insmallthingsfor00deet/page/n3/mode/2up |ref=deetz1996}}
{{cite book|last1=Elkins|first1=Stanley M.|author-link1=Stanley Elkins|first2=Eric|last2=McKitrick|title=The Age of Federalism|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|orig-year=1993|url=https://archive.org/details/ageoffederalism00elki/page/n7/mode/2up|isbn=978-0195093810}}
{{cite book|last=Freeman |first=Joanne B. |title=Affairs of Honor: National Politics in the New Republic |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2001 |orig-date=1st published |location=New Haven, CT |url=https://archive.org/details/affairsofhonorna0000free |isbn=9780300088779}}
{{cite book |last=Goodall |first=Jane |author-link=Jane Goodall |date=2013 |title=Seeds of Hope: Wisdom and Wonder from the World of Plants |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |url=https://archive.org/details/seedsofhopewisdo0000good/page/n5/mode/2up |isbn=978-1455513215 |ref=goodall2013}}
{{cite book |last=Grafton |first=Anthony |title=Forgers and Critics: Creativity and Duplicity in Western Scholarship |location=Princeton, N.J. |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1990 |isbn=978-0691191836 |url=https://archive.org/details/forgerscriticscr00graf_0 |ref=grafton1990}}
{{cite book |last=Griswold |first=Rufus Wilmot|year=1855 |title=The Republican Court, or, American Society in the Days of Washington |publisher=D. Appleton & Co. |url=https://archive.org/details/republicancourt00grisrich/page/n7/mode/2up |ref=griswald1855}}
{{cite book |editor1-last=Hart |editor1-first=Albert Bushnell |editor1-link=Albert Bushnell Hart|title= The American Nation: A History|volume=I |location=New York |publisher=Harper & Bros. |year=1904–1918 |url=https://archive.org/details/americannationhi01hartuoft/page/n7/mode/2up |ref=hart1904}}
{{cite book |last=Jillson |first=Calvin C. |title=American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change |edition=8th |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |year=2016 |orig-date=2009 |isbn=9781317666790 | url=https://archive.org/details/americangovernme0000jill_g2h8/mode/2up |ref=jillson2009}}
{{cite book|last=Labaree |first=Leonard Woods |author-link=Leonard Woods Labaree |title=Conservatism in Early American History |publisher=New York University |date=1948 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/conservatisminea0000leon/ |isbn=}}
{{cite book |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=William |title=Select Charters and Other Documents Illustrative of American History, 1606–1775 |location=New York |publisher=Macmillan Co. |year=1899 |url=https://archive.org/details/selectchartersot0000unse/page/n5/mode/2up |ref=charters1899}}
{{cite book|last=Onuf |first=Peter S. |author-link=Peter S. Onuf |title=The Origins of the Federal Republic: Jurisdictional Controversies in the United States, 1775-1787 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=1983 |location=Philadelphia |url=https://archive.org/details/originsoffedera00onuf/page/n3/mode/2up |isbn=0-8122-7889-5}}
{{cite book |last=Schlesinger |first=Arthur M. |author-link=Arthur M. Schlesinger |title=The Colonial Merchants and the American Revolution, 1763-1776 |publisher=Atheneum |date=1957 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/colonialmerchant00schl/page/n3/mode/2up}}
{{cite book |first=Paul A. |last=Varg |title=Foreign Policies of the Founding Fathers |publisher=Michigan State University Press |year=1963 |url=https://archive.org/details/foreignpolicieso00varg_0/page/n5/mode/2up}}
{{cite book |last=Yafa |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen Yafa |title=Cotton: The Biography of a Revolutionary Fiber |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZoxe0aO9AEC |date=2006 |publisher=Penguin |page=75 |isbn=978-0143037224}}

==Papers==

[https://www.marquette.edu/library/theses/already_uploaded_to_IR/coone_c_1967.pdf American Revolution and the Post-Revolutionary Generation of American Historians]
[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/myths-of-the-american-revolution-10941835/ Myths of the American Revolution (Smithsonian)]
[http://www.uelac.org/PDF/loyalist.pdf A Short History of the United Empire Loyalists]