User:Elinruby/Cliff Dwellers

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Cliff_Dwellings

The cliff dwellers of the Southwestern United States came from distinct but perhaps related cultures. Construction of the cliff dwellings started around 1000AD and they had mostly been abandoned by 1300.

In the Four Corners area the people who lived there likely came from the Chaco Canyon area, and dispersed to settlements on more fertile land. Many of these Pueblos still exist today. Some may be the longest continuously-inhabited places in North America. [http://www.puebloofacoma.org/ Acoma] has existed since 1200 and, new excavations suggest, perhaps since before the time of Christ[http://www.puebloofacoma.org/About_Acoma.aspx|Website of Acoma Pueblo]. Oraibi on Hopiland's [http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=all&CISOBOX1=%22Third%20Mesa%22&CISOFIELD1=covera&CISOOP2=exact&CISOBOX2=&CISOFIELD2=item&CISOOP3=any&CISOBOX3=&CISOFIELD3=contro&CISOOP4=none&CISOBOX4=&CISOFIELD4=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=/hcpo&t=s Third Mesa], was established in 1100.

Nomenclature

Cliff dwellers of the Four Corners area are generally called Pueblo ancestors or Ancestral Pueblo Peoples, although they have also been called Anasazi. However, this name means "ancestors of our enemies" in Navajo and may offend present-day Pueblo.Anasazi was first used in the English language by Richard Weatherill, a local rancher and amateur collector of artifacts. Although hardly the only archaeological enthusiast to have damaged a site, his work hardly makes him an authority on correct naming in another language. The Hopi sometimes use the word Hisatsinom[http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~dvess/ids/amtours/anawciv.htm| Awkward], wordings can result from trying to include all names, which also means ancestors. Some academics seem to be adopting this term.

Current Pueblo Settlements

class="wikitable sortable"
Pueblo	Language Group	Image
Acoma, continuously inhabited since 1150[http://museum.acomaskycity.org/acoma-history Haak'u Museum at Acoma], is the only Native American member of the [http://www.preservationnation.org/travel-and-sites/sites/southwest-region/acoma-sky-city.html National Trust for Historic Preservation].	Example	File:Acoma_Pueblo_New_Mexico_12-27-2006_11-13-51_AM_0101.|thumb
Cochiti	Example	File:Todros_Geller_-_From_Land_to_Land_-_1936_-_Indian_village_Cochiti_New_Mexico_-_0081.png|thumb
Isleta	Southern Tiwa, a possibly [http://web.archive.org/web/20050212184251/http://www.ling.hawaii.edu/~uhdoc/tiwa/tiwaweb1.html endangered] Kiowa-Tanoan language	File:Indian_Church_at_Isletta,_New_Mexico,_on_the_Rio_Grande,_below_Albuquerque,_871_miles_west_of_Missouri_River..jpg|thumb
Jemez	[www.jemezpueblo.com Towa]	thumb | Laguna Pueblo | Western Keresan	thumb
Example	Example	Example
Ohkay Owingeh, was also called the name the Spanish gave it, San Juan Pueblo, until 2005. It was probably settled around 1200[http://www.newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.php?fileID=510 New Mexico State Historian's summary of Ohkay Owingeh history].	Example	Example
Picurus Pueblo has historic ties to [http://www.fs.fed.us/r3/carson/historic_site/adobe.shtml Pot Creek] an Anasazi outlier site, and the Park Service maintains a site in Kansas where a group of Picuris and Apaches lived	Northern Tiwa	Example
	Example	Example
Sandia Pueblo's [http://www.sandiapueblo.nsn.us/ tribal government] both operates a casino-resort and maintains a herd of buffalo on tribal land	Southern Tiwa, a Tanoan language	| Kewa Pueblo, until 2009 known as Santo Domingo, the name the Spanish gave it.	Eastern Keresan	Example
San Felipe	Eastern Keresan	File:San_Felipe_Pueblo_-_NARA_-_523847.tif | Example	Example	Example
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• San Ildefonso
• Sandia Pueblo
• Santa Clara Pueblo
• Tesuque
• Taos
• Zia
• Zunihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Chacoan_history

Abandoned Pueblos

[http://www.nps.gov/peco/index.htm Pecos Pueblo] [http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/kcc/chap8a.htm bustled] in its heyday but disease, raids and migration had reduced its population to less than 300 by around 1780, when its entire population left the site and moved [http://www.nps.gov/peco/historyculture/spanish-encounters.htm Park Service page], for the Pecos National Monument to Jemez.

The [http://thepiromansotiwatribe.com Guadeloupe Pueblo] in the Las Cruces area seems to have formed from the remnants of the

Cliff Dwellings of the Pueblo Ancestors

• Bandelier National Monument
• Mesa Verde National Park

Sinagua Cliff Dwellings in the Flagstaff Area

• Walnut Canyon National Monument
• Wupatki National Monument
• Elden Pueblo

'''Sinagua in the [http://www.flickr.com/photos/darinmarshall/12538181/ Verde Valley]

The Mogollon created the [http://www.nps.gov/gicl/photosmultimedia/photogallery.htm Gila Cliff Dwellings] and the Mimbres culture may have grown from theirs. Emil Haury first made the case for the Mogollon as a a separate culture, although he is better known for his Hohokam excavations at Snaketown.

[http://phoenix.gov/recreation/arts/museums/pueblo/index.html Casa Grande] [http://www.azmnh.org/arch/mesagrande.aspx Mesa Grande]