User:Rockpocket/MGP/MMS22L
==Model organisms==
Model organisms have been used in the study of MMS22L function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Mms22ltm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi{{cite web |url=http://www.knockoutmouse.org/martsearch/search?query=Mms22l |title=International Knockout Mouse Consortium}} was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.{{Cite journal| last1 = Skarnes |first1 =W. C.| doi = 10.1038/nature10163 | last2 = Rosen | first2 = B.| last3 = West | first3 = A. P.| last4 = Koutsourakis | first4 = M.| last5 = Bushell | first5 = W.| last6 = Iyer | first6 = V.| last7 = Mujica | first7 = A. O.| last8 = Thomas | first8 = M.| last9 = Harrow | first9 = J.| last10 = Cox | first10 = T.| last11 = Jackson | first11 = D.| last12 = Severin | first12 = J.| last13 = Biggs | first13 = P.| last14 = Fu | first14 = J.| last15 = Nefedov | first15 = M.| last16 = De Jong | first16 = P. J.| last17 = Stewart | first17 = A. F.| last18 = Bradley | first18 = A. | title = A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function | journal = Nature | volume = 474 | issue = 7351 | pages = 337–342 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21677750 | pmc =3572410 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110615/full/474262a.html |title=Mouse library set to be knockout |author=Dolgin E |year=June 2011 |location=Nature 474: 262-263. doi:10.1038/474262a}}{{cite book |title=A mouse for all reasons |author=Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W |year=January 2007 |location=Cell 128(1): 9-13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018 PMID 17218247}}
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion.{{cite journal| author=van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW| title=The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism. | journal=Genome Biol | year= 2011 | volume= 12 | issue= 6 | pages= 224 | pmid=21722353 | doi=10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21722353 }}
| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" border="1" cellpadding="2" style="float: right;" |
|+ Mms22l knockout mouse phenotype | |
| Characteristic | Phenotype |
|---|---|
| Homozygote viability | bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal |
| Recessive lethal study | bgcolor="#C40000"|Abnormal |
| Fertility | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Body weight | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Anxiety | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Neurological assessment | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Grip strength | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Hot plate | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Dysmorphology | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Indirect calorimetry | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Glucose tolerance test | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Auditory brainstem response | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| DEXA | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Radiography | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Body temperature | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Eye morphology | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Clinical chemistry | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Haematology | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Peripheral blood lymphocytes | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Micronucleus test | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Heart weight | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Skin Histopathology | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Brain histopathology | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Eye Histopathology | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal |
| Salmonella infection | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal{{cite web |url=http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MAKN/salmonella-challenge/ |title=Salmonella infection data for Mms22l |publisher=Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute}} |
| Citrobacter infection | bgcolor="#488ED3"|Normal{{cite web |url=http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/phenotyping/MAKN/citrobacter-challenge/ |title=Citrobacter infection data for Mms22l |publisher=Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute}} |
| colspan=2; style="text-align: center;" | All tests and analysis from{{cite web |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x/abstract |title=The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: high throughput characterisation of knockout mice |author=Gerdin AK |year=2010 |location=Acta Opthalmologica 88: 925-7.doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x |publisher=Wiley}} |
Twenty six tests were carried out on mutant mice and two significant abnormalities were observed. No homozygous mutant embryos were identified during gestation, and therefore none survived until weaning. The remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant adult mice; no additional significant abnormalities were observed in these animals.
References
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